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虚拟语气第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不一样的语气陈说语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气不一样的语气用动词的不一样形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表达第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表达说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中）；一是表达说话人的愿望、规定、命令、提议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）它能实现下列交际功能用来体现一种假设或纯粹的意愿（这种假设或意愿在多数状况下是与事实相反或不太a.也许实现的常常用来缓和语气，使之愈加委婉、礼貌、得体，使句子带有推测性和尝试性b.表达烦恼、不耐烦等情绪c.表达适度的责怪或批评d.表达美好的祝愿或祝愿e.学习虚拟语气在条件句中的使用方法之前我们必须清晰条件句的种类条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句（或称虚拟条件句）两种真实条件句所表的假设是也许发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与成果主句都用陈说语气如.假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐If itdoesnt raintomorrow,I willgo fora picnic•你如把油侄在水里，油就浮起来Oil floatsif youpour iton waterU虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不也许或不大也许发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与成果主句皆须用虚拟语气第三节虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句假如虚拟条件句的谓语部分有和时,可省略把和were,had should if,were,had should放到从句主语前面去，多见于竹面语.耍是没有你的协助，我就失败了Had younot helpedme,I should have failed假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的Were youin myposition,you woulddo the same.Should theyattack us,well wipethem outcompletely.假如他们攻打我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭洁净第七节.含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句含蓄条件句大体有三种状况）条件暗含在短语中1But fbryour helpwe couldnt have succeededin theexperiment.假如没有你的协助，我们的试验是不会成功的（暗含在分词短词）but for your help如没有你，我会怎么办呢？（条件暗含在介词短语What wouldI have done without you中）without you这样做会比较轻易It would be easierto doit thisway.（条件暗含在不定式短语中）to doit thiswayThis samething,happening inwartime,amount todisaster.同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸（条件暗含在分词短语中）happening inwartime.He must have thestrength ofa hippopotamus,or henever could have vanquishedthat greatbeast他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽（暗含条件是连词）or如是单独一人，他是会感到胆怯的（暗含条件是Alone,he would have beenterrified.）alone）条件暗含在上下文中
2.你可以永远待在这儿（也许暗含）You mightstay herefore verif youwanted to我们本来是会成功的（也许暗含）We would have succeeded.if we had kepttrying你的声誉会败坏的（也许暗含）Your reputationwould beruined.if you should acceptit）在不少状况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件3你不会懂得You wouldntknow.我乐意来I wouldlike tocome.第八节.不用引导的条件从句if虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用弓外，还可用if Iwhen,unless,lest,suppose,as if,for fear,in等词语来弓导case,on conditionIThe peasantsprepared tofeed thecity whenit should be freed.农民已准备在这座都市解放后供应粮食Lest you should nothave heardall,I shallbegin atthe beginning.我怕你没有听全，因此我再从头开始讲一遍除非我好了，否则我不会上学Unless I were well,I wouldnt be atschool.Suppose youwere givena chanceto studyin America,would youaccept假如给你一种到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？或suppose supposing=what ifSupposing it were so=Supposingit wereso,what wouldhappen要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？He canuse thebicycle oncondition that he shouldreturn ittomorrow.假如明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车假如我忘了，请提醒我的诺言In caseI forget,please remindme ofmy promise苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的Susan iswalking slowly,as if she weretired,与同样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表也许实现或发生的事if虚拟语气专题练习
1.Jack wishesthat hebusiness instead of historywhen hewas inuniversity.A.studied B.had beenstudyingC.studyD.had studied
2.The millionsof calculationinvolved,had they been done by hand,the timeall practicalvalue bytheywere finished.A.had lost B.would loseC.would havelost D.should havelost
3.It isessential that these applicationforms backas earlyas possible.A.must be sent B.are senC.will be sent D.besent
4.It isimportant that the hotelreceptionist thatguests areregistered correctly.A.has made sure B.must make sureC.madesureD.makesure
5.It wasessential that the applicationforms backbefore thedeadline.A.must besent B.be sentC.would besent D.were sent
6.Its necessarythe dictionaryimmediately.A.that hewill returnB.that hereturnC.that hereturned D.that he has toreturn
7.It isimportant thatenough moneyto fundthe project.A.be collectedB.was collectedC.must becollected D.can becollected
8.1dont thinkit advisablethat Tomto the job sincehehasno experience.A.is assignedB.be assignedC.will be assigned D.has beenassigned
9.The suggestionthat themayor theprizes wasaccepted byeveryone.A.would presentB.presentC.ought topresent D.presents
10.We areall foryour proposalthat thediscussion.A.be put off B.should putoffC.was putoff D.is toputoff
11.You himso closely;you shouldhave keptyour distance.A.shouldn*thave been followingB.mustnt followC.couldnt have been followingD.shouldnt follow
12.The managerwould ratherhis daughterin thesame office.A.does notwork B.had notworkedC.not to work D.did notwork
13.Wouldn*tyourather yourchild to bed earlyA.go B.would goC.went D.goes
14.Id rather you makeany commenton the issue forthe timebeing.A.dont B.didntC.wouldnt D.shouldn*t
15.Mikes uncleinsists inthis hotel.A.staying notB.that he would notstayC.not tostay D.that he not stay
16.As Commander-in-Chief of the armedforces,I havedirected that all measuresfor ourdefense.A.had beentaken B.be takenC.would betaken D.tobetaken
17.The managerof thehotel requeststhat theirguests after11:00p.m.A.not toplay loud music B.dont playloud musicC.shouldnt playloudmusicD.couldnt palyload music
18.We desirethat thetour leaderus immediatelyof anychange inplans.A.inform B.informsC.informed D.has informed
19.He suggestedto tomorrowsexhibition together.A.us to go B.we shallgoC.we wentD.we go
20.Sometimes I wish Iin adifferent time and adifferent place.A.be livingB.would liveC.were livingD.would havelived
21.1wish Ilonger this morning,but I had toget upand come to class.A.could have slept B.might havesleptC.slept D.haveslept
22.Jean doesntwant towork rightaway becauseshe thinksthat ifshe a job sheprobablywouldnt be able tosee herfriends veryoften.A.has toget B.had gotC.were toget D.could havegot
23.If thewhole operationbeforehand,a greatdeal oftimeandmoney would havebeenlost.A.was notplanned B.had not been plannedC.has not been plannedD.were notplanned
24.Had heworked harder,he theexams.A.must havegot throughB.would getthroughC.would havegot throughD.could getthrough
25.before wedepart theday aftertomorrow,we shouldhave awonderful dinnerparty.A.Had theyarrived B.Were theyarrivingC.Would theyarrive D.Were theyto arrive
26.right now,she wouldget thereon Sunday.A.Would sheleave B.Were sheto leaveC.If sheleaves D.If she had left
27.for myillness I wouldhavelent hima helpinghand.A.Not beingB.Without beingC.Had itnotbeenD.Not havingbeen
28.foryourlaziness,you couldhave finishedthe assignmentby now.A.Had itnotbeenB.Werent it C.It were not D.Had notitbeen
29.If ittoo muchtrouble,Pd lovea cupof tea.A.isn,tB.weren*tC.wasn*tD.hadnt been
30.If Ihadn*t stoodunder theladder tocatch youwhen youfell,you now.A.wouldntbesmiling B.won*t smileC.couldnt havesmiled D.didntsmile
31.We didntknow histelephone number;otherwise wehim.A.wouldhavetelephoned B.would telephoneC.musthavetelephoned D.had telephoned
32.He musthave hadan accident,or hethen.A.wouldhavebeen hereB.should be hereC.had tobehereD.wouldbehere
33.Some womena goodsalary inajobinsteadofstaying home,but theydecided nottoworkfor thesakeof thefamily.A.must makeB.shouldhavemadeC.would makeD.couldhavemade
34.We tostart ourown business,but wenever hadenough money.A.have hopedB.had hopedC.would hopeD.should hope
35.The madman wasput inthe soft-padded celllest hehimself.A.injure B.injuredC.had injuredD.would injure36・You arevery selfish.Its high time youthat youare notthe mostimportant personinthe world,Edgar saidto hisboss angrily.A.realized B.realizeC.have realizedD.should realize
37.Its already5oclock now.Dont youthink itsabout timeA.we aregoing homeB.we wenthomeC.we go home D.we cangohome
38.If onlythe committeethe regulationsand putthem intoeffect as soon as possible.A.approve B.can approveC.will approveD.would approve
39.Look atthe terriblesituation Iam in!If onlyI youradvice.A.follow B.would followC.had followedD.have followed
40.Tm surehe isup to thejobhewouldgive hismind toit.A.if onlyB.in caseC.until D.unless答案与解析
1.D译文杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史本句是后接虚拟语气的使用方法在背面所接的宾语从句中，耍用虚拟语气构wish wish造其重要形式有三种表达对目前状况的虚拟主语+动词过去式；wish+表达对过去状况的虚拟主语过去分词；wish++had+表达对未来状况的虚拟主语动词原形wish++would+
2.C译文数以百万计的有关计算，假如由人工操作的话，到计算完毕时早已失去其实用价值本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气构造的使用方法由省略的从句（if hadtheybeen）中的时态可知，为对的答案donebyhand C
3.D译文这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的本句波及主语从句中的虚拟语气使用方法在构造中，It isimportant/necessary/...that-clausethat从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为（should）+动词原形这一构造与否用虚拟语气取决于主句中的形容词（如本句中的）It isimportant/...that important
4.D译文旅馆接待员必须保证旅客登记对的，这点是很重要的本句波及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用
5.B译文申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回本句波及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用
6.B译文他必须立即偿还字典本句波及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用
7.A译文重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金本句波及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用
8.B译文汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的本句波及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用在以为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以it用虚拟语气，其形式为（should）+动词原形这一构造中的虚拟使用方法重要取决于作补语的形容词advisableo
9.B译文大家都接受了让市长发奖的提议本句波及同位语从句中的虚拟语气使用方法英语中在表达命令、提议、劝说、愿望、规定等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为动词原形should+常用的止匕类词有等名suggestion,advise,order,recommendation,requirement,command,proposal词
10.A译文我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的提议本句波及同位语从句中的虚拟语气使用方法
11.A译文你本不该跟他跟得这样紧；你本该保持一定距离的本句波及--暗含虚拟句过去分词”表达“本不应当做某事，但“should/ought not+have+却做了“，具有某种责怪的口气过去分词”表达“本应当做某事，却“should/ought to+have+未做”例如你本来应当上周就该偿还这本书You shouldhave returnedthe booklast week.但上周并未还
12.D译文经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一种办公室上班本句波及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用方法在would rather,would sooner,would justas soon,和等背面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表达愿望，意为“宁愿”、”might aswell wouldprefer但愿，其形式为
①“would ratherwould sooner...+主语+谓语动词过去时”表达目前或未来的状况+主语+过去完毕时表达过去的状况D would ratherwould sooner...
13.C译文你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？本句波及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用方法
14.B译文我倒是但愿你对这个问题先别刊登什么见解本句波及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用方法英语中在would rather,would sooner,would just和等背面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表达愿望，意为as soon,might aswell wouldprefer“宁愿”、“但愿”
15.D麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里本句波及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用动词后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为动词原insist“should+形（常省略）常这样用的词有should command,desire,demand,order,propose,recommend,request,require,等suggest
16.B译文我作为武装部队的总司令命令采用一切措施进行防御本句波及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
17.C译文旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上点后，音乐声不要放得太响11本句波及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
18.A译文我们规定导游立即告诉我们计划有什么变动本句波及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
19.D译文他提议我们一块去看明天的展览本句波及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
20.C译文我有时但愿自己生活在另一种时代和另一种地方本句波及动词后所接宾语从句的使用方法在背面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气构造Wish wish其重要形式有三种表达对目前状况的虚拟主语+动词过去式；wish+表达对过去状况的虚拟主语过去分词；wish++had+表达对未来状况的虚拟主语动词原形wish++would+
21.A译文我真但愿今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课本句波及动词后所接宾语从句的使用方法wish
22.C译文琼不想立即就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能立即探访朋友了本句波及引导的虚拟条件句，表达与未来事实相反的假设表达与未来事实相反的if主语与目前事实相反的假设+should,would,主语+动词的过去式If+动词might,could+（动词用）be were原形The platformwould collapseif allof youstood on.假如你们都站在上面，这个平台就会塌下假如鲁迅还活着，看到新中国的伟大成就他it来的会多么快乐啊！主语与过去相反的假设+should,主语过去分词If++had+would,might,could+have doneIfthe doctorhad beenavailable,^child would.假如有医生在，这个小孩就havebeensewed假如飓风发生在白天，死亡的人数会更多会得救了主语+与未来相反的假设should,would、主语+动词过去式1If+动词、主语动词原形might,could+2If++were to+、主语+动词原形原形3If++shouldI couldsee thesurface ofthe moonwith myown假如明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶假如eyes ifI were togoto themoon someday.有一天我登上了月球，就能亲眼目睹月球的表面是什么样子了NOTE使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点当条件状语从句表达的行为和主句表达的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错
1.综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所示的时间作出对应的调整.If you had followedmy advice,you wouldbe better now.假如你听我的提议，你目前就会痊愈了.在条件句中，可省略把提到句首，变为倒装句式.（背面详细讲解）
2.if,were,had,shouldIf you had come earlier,you wouldhave methim.Had youcomeearlier,you wouldhave methim..与目前事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（的过去式用）主句的谓语用1be were,（）+动词原形should would,might,could非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用+动词原形或+动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“were toshould“should（第一人称）,（第
二、三人称）+动词原形”would
23.B译文要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了本句波及条件状语从句中虚拟语气的使用方法，表达与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的if非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用或过去“had+“should would+have+分词
24.C译文他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了本句波及省略的虚拟条件句在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词省去，而将if if were,had,等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装构造假如句中没有或时,既should were,had should不能省略也不能倒装if,答案
25.D译文我们后天走，要是他们在这之前抵达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿本句波及省略的虚拟条件句if
26.B译文她要是目前就走的话，星期天就到那儿了本句波及引导的虚拟条件句，表达与未来事实相反的假设表达与未来事实相反的非真实条件句，if从句中的谓语动词用+动词原形或+动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用（第一人were toshould“should称）,（第
二、三人称）+动词原形”如从句中省去，主谓要用倒装构造would if
28.A译文要不是你偷懒，你目前就已经完毕任务了本句波及省略的虚拟条件句虚拟语气也常用于（）...”句型中，意为if“If itwere had been notfor“要不是…表达与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相If ithad notbeen for反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词省去，而if将等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装构造假如句中没有were,had,should were,had或时，既不能省略也不能倒装shouldif,
29.B译文要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧本句波及条件句中的虚拟语气，表达与目前事实相反的假设在与目前事实相反的非真实条件句if中，主句中的谓语动词用（第一人称）+动词原形，（第
二、三人称）+动词原形”，但在美“should would国英语中，主句所有人称都用主句中也用或动词原形”wouldo“could might+
30.A译文当你掉下来时，假如不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了本句波及引导的混合型虚拟条件句一般状况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一if致的，但有时也指不一样的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不一样的谓语动词形式本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对目前状况的假设
31.A译文我们不懂得他的电话号码，否则，我们会打电话给他.本句波及含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的状况并不以条件从句表达出来，而是通过一种介词短语或其他方式表达除了外，常用的其他词或短语有等otherwise without,but for,but that,or,but
32.A译文他准是出事了，否则，他已经到这儿了本句波及含蓄虚拟条件句
33.D译文假如不呆在家里，有些妇女本可获得可观的薪水，不过为了家庭，她们才决定不去工作本句波及由引导的暗含虚拟语气的使用方法前面主句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，后的并but butbut列句用陈说语气其形式为情态动词shouldought to,could,might+havedone”，表达该动作本来应当发生而实际并未发生，具有某种责怪的口气
34.B译文我们原本就但愿开业，可是钱总是不够本句波及一特殊句型的虚拟语气形式动词等的过去完毕式加动词be,intend,mean,plan,want,hope不定式或这些词的过去式加动词不定式的完毕时也可视为虚拟语气构造，表达“过去想做而没有做的事”
35.A译文疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以防他自杀本句波及连词引导的虚拟语气的使用方法连接词可用来引导虚拟语气lest in case,lest,for fear that其形式一般为:主语动词原形句中的可以省去，lest in case,for fearthat++should+lest,for fearthat shouldin句中的一般不省去，不过句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈说语气背面case shouldin caselest,for fearthat也可以接其他形式
36.A译文埃德加怒气冲冲地对老板说“你太自私了你也该想想你究竟有什么了不起”本句波及一特殊句型中的虚拟语气在句型中规定用虚拟语气形式，从“It ishigh/abouttime that.句中常用过去式，意为“该是……的时候了”例如我们该上课了It istime that wehadclasses.天气真该好起来了It ishightime that theweather improved.
37.B译文目前已经点了，你不认为我们该回家了吗？5本句波及”句型中的虚拟语气形式“It ishigh/about time that…
38.D译文要是委员会尽快同意这些规章制度并付诸实行就好了本句波及引导的虚拟语气形式在“引导的感慨句中，规定用虚拟语气构造，表达愿if only if only”望其形式为表达与目前或未来事实相反的愿望动词过去时或+动词原形”；1“would/could表达与过去事实相反的愿望2had+done□
39.C译文看我目前的处境多糟糕！要是我听了你的劝说该多好本句波及引导的虚拟语气形式if only
40.A译文要是他专心去做，我肯定他能胜任这个工作本句是引导虚拟语气的使用方法和一般不和连用；一般与连if onlyuntil unlesswould incase should用；引导的感慨句一般规定用虚拟语气，表达愿望）用过去时或动词原形”表if only”1would/could+达与目前或未来事实相反的愿望）过去完毕时表达与过去事实相反的愿望不过也可用于虚拟2onlyif条件句中.假如目前不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐If itwerenotraining,we should go fora picnic了（事实是天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐表达愿望）假如他来这，他就可以协助你了If hecame here,he mightbeableto helpyou.（事实是他没来这，他不也许协助你表达对他的良好印象）.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用过去分词，主句的谓语用（2had+should would,might,）+过去分词could+haveShe wouldhave gonetotheparty ifshe hadbeen invited.要是当时她被邀请的话，她就会去参与这次聚会了（事实是当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参与聚会表达懊悔）If she hadnt calledme,I wouldhave oversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了（事实是她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头表达感谢）
3.与未来事实也许相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）；should+动词原形；动词原形，主句用（）动词原形were to+should would,might,could+If Iweretobe twentyyears oldnext year,I wouldtake thecourse ofFrench.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语（事实是我目前已经老了，明年我学不了法语了）要是失败了，我会再试一次If it should fail,I wouldtry again.（事实是有也许失败，可我会再试表达未知）虚拟过去式有时并不表达“不大也许实现的假设”，而是表达一种但愿或不但愿发生的动作If wecaught theearly train,wed getthere bylunch time.假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会抵达那里了（表但愿）If wemissed thetrain,we shouldhave towait anhour atthe station.假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时（表不但愿）混合型的条件句
4.当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作对应的调整主句和从句的谓语动词并不互相呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完毕时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指口前状态）假如他听了我的劝说，他目前会通过考试He wouldpass thetest ifhe had taken my advice.If Ihad spokento himyesterday,I shouldknow what to donow.假如昨天我对他说了，目前我就懂得该怎么办了You wouldbe muchbetternowif you hadtakenmyadvice.假如你接受了我的意见，你目前就会好得多如条件从句用主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式iflwere...,If Iwerenotbusy,I wouldhave come.假如我不忙，我就会去了（were表过去）If Iwere you,I wouldgo.假如我是你，我会去的（were表目前）第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
二、用于宾语从句宾语从句在表达提议、规定、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用动词原形或只用动词should+原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest,request,demand,urge,propose,prefer,advise,insist,require,order,command,等动词的宾语maintain,ask,object,arrange,desire注意当表达“暗示、表明“讲时，表达”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈说语气suggest insistTheteacher suggestedthatwe should cleanthe blackboardafter class.老师提议我们课后把黑板擦了The smileon hisface suggestedthathewas satisfiedwith ourwork.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.He insisted thatallof usbe thereon timeby anymeans.他坚持规定我们大家想尽措施准时去那里The maninsistedthathehadnever stolenthe money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱.医生提议他不要去那里The doctorsuggestedthathenotgo there..他提议我们早点动身He suggestedthatweshould leaveearly法官命令被告还押The judgeordered thatthe prisonershouldberemanded.的宾语的从句，表达愿望，常省去连词wish that☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表达目前的愿望（与目前事实相反），虽实现的也许性不大，但仍有实现的也许我但愿这是真的I wishitweretrue.（与发生在同一时间平面上）I wishIwere a bird,were wish☆从句的谓语动词还可用（）+动词原形”用来表达未来的愿望“could would,might I wish youwould我但愿你再待一会儿stay alittle longer.I wishthattherain couldstop soon.☆表达无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用过去分词”或“had+“could（）过去分词”would,might+have+我但愿你昨天来过电话Iwishyouhadcalled yesterday.Iwishyouhadcome toour Christmasparty.我们真但愿你来参与了我们的新年联欢会We wishyouhadcometoour NewYears party.从句也常用虚拟语气，表达宁愿、但愿之意这种wouldrather,would sooner,would assoon,would prefei+虚拟语气表达的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望☆表达与目前和未来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式我宁愿你明天来I wouldrather youcame tomorrow.我宁愿她把重活留给他人rd soonershe leftthe heavyend ofthe workto someone else..我宁愿你今天走I wouldratheryouleft today.但愿我的女儿能上公立学校I wouldsooner mydaughter attendeda publicschool我倒但愿他不要在这儿待得太久I wouldprefer hedidnt stayhere toolong.☆用过去完毕式（过去分词）表达过去事实相反的含义had+I wouldrather Ihadnt seenthat filmyesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影有些动词，如其否认式的宾语从句亦可用动词原形如think,expect,believe,should+.我万没有想到他会拒绝I neverthought he should refuse她没有预料你会来She didnot expectthatyoushould come.
三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/desire/rrcommendation/resolution等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用动词原形可以省略.“should+shouldMy adviceis thatyoushouldpractice speakingEnglish asoften aspossible.我的提议是你要尽量常常地练习说英语The suggestionthatthemayor shouldpresent theprizes wasaccepted byeveryone.每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一提议名词、等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动suggestion,proposal order,advice,demand词一般使用虚拟语气，用动词原形或省略should+shouldMy suggestionis thatweshouldsend afew soldiersto helpthem.我的提议是我们应派几种战士去支援他们我的忠告是你应当善待她My adviceis thatyoushouldtreat herwell.He makesthe demandthat sheshould leavethe placeatonce.他提出一种规定，规定她立即离开这个地方.我的提议是我们应当告诉他My suggestionis thatweshouldtell himOuronly requestis thatthis shouldbe settledassoonaspossible.我们唯一的祈求就是尽快处理这个问题注意虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句如有一项提议是布朗应当离队There wasa suggestionthat Brownshouldbedropped fromthe team.四.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在..句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式It istimethat..从句中的谓语动词用过去式或动词原形，不能省略.It ishigh/about timethat..should+should该是我们去试验室的时候了Its hightime wewent tothe laboratory.孩子们早该上床睡觉了表达催促It istime thechildren went to bed.Its hightimethathe beganto thinkhow todeal withmoney.他早该开始考虑怎样与钱打交道我们该走了It istime weleft..我们该去睡觉了It istime wewenttobed五.虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望中国共产党万岁！Long livethe CommunistParty ofChina!上帝保佑你God blessyou!God damnit!该死的！见鬼去吧!The deviltake you!就那样吧So beit then.第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中If only引导的感慨句（耍是・.・该有多好啊；但愿）；表达与目前或未来事实相反的愿望用过去时或动词原形表达；1would/could+If onlyyou listened tous!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完毕时例如2我要是听了医生的话就好了If onlyIhadlistenedtothe doctor\advice!（）看起来（）虽然常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与后宾语从句as ifas thougheven ifeven thoughwish里的虚拟语气的构成形式相似，表达与目前事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完毕式（had done）,would/could+动词原形例如那些足球迷们常常就像疯了似的（与发生在同一时间The footballfans ofact asif theywere crazy.act were平面上）（发生在之前）他常常谈起伦He oftentalks aboutLondon asthough hehadbeenthere,hadbeenthere talkes敦，就仿佛他去过那里似的（后于发生）她常常讲起She oftentalks and talks asifshe would neverstop.would neverstop talksandtalks来没完没了虚拟语气在引导的目的状语从句中的应用,从句中的谓语动in orderthat,so that,incase,lest,for fearthat词用（）动词原形”或“动词原形”在以引导的从句中，谓语动词用”may miqht+should+lest should+动词原形”例如.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨He tookhis raincoatwith himincaseitshouldrain Hewas punishedlest heshould make他被处以惩罚以免他再犯thesamemistake again.（）.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒He puthis coatover thechild forfearthatheshouldcatch cold虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响）用于主语从句试比较1他必须懂得此事It isimportant thatheshouldknow aboutthis..他必须懂得此事It wasimportantthatheshouldknow aboutthis）用于宾语从句试比较2我提议我们明天走I suggestthatweshouldgotomorrow..我提议我们第二天走I suggestedthatweshouldgothe nextday她说，“我如是男孩，就参军”She said,If Iwerea boy Iwould join the army.”•她说她如是男孩就参军She saidthat ifshe wereaboy,shewouldjointhearmy但强调目前时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则试比较“If Iknew howit worked,I couldtell youwhatto do Jhe said.“假如我懂得它是怎样运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，他说道He saidthat ifhehadknown howit workedhe couldhave toldme whattodo.他说假如他懂得它是怎样运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办“If Iknew the answer to all yourquestions Fdbea genius,“he said.“我如懂得你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了”他说道He saidthat ifhe knewtheanswertoallmy questions,hed beagenius.他说他如懂得我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了但假如全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，目前时态应随之而变为过去时态如.我看他是错了（须用试比较）Iwouldthink hewas wrongwas,I thinkheiswrong她似乎是对的（须用试比较）It wouldseem that she wasright,was,It seemsthatsheis right第六节.连词的省略if。
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