2025年高中英语语法核心要点全面梳理

高一英语语法归纳总结----定语从句的归纳一.几种基本概念.定语从句的定义用作定语的从句叫定语从句

1.先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2.定语从句的位置紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后

3.引导词引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）4（）关系代词1that/who/whom/which/as（）关系副词2when/where/why.引导词的位置位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）【除外】5as.引导词的功能（作用）6（）连接先行词和定语从句1

（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）.定语从句的类型7（）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）1

①直接由引导词引导定语从句The manwho youre talking tois myfriend.

②由介词+关系代词（）引导whom/whichThe manto whomyouretalkingis myfriend.I need a penwith which I can write a letter.=1needapiece ofpaper on which Icanwritealetter.介词的选用可根据从句中的有关词组确定，该介词一般可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾例如The manwho/whom/that I talked aboutat themeeting isfrom BeijingUniversity.=The manabout whom Italkedat themeeting isfrom BeijingUniversity.The palacewhich/that I often pay a visitto wasbuilt in the17th century.=The palaceto which Ioftenpayavisit wasbuilt inthe17th century.非限定性定语从句主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开2

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

②由介词+关系代词引导whom/whichI livein ahouse faraway from the city,in frontof which is a big tree.There is an appletree standingat thegate,on whichare manyapples.This is the manto whom I gavethe book.

③由“代词/名词或名词/代词”先行词指+of+whom/which”“of which/whom+人用指物用弓|导whom,which One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,等词、数词、分数或比例与或连用either of whom of whichHe hasfive children,two ofwhom arcabroad.比较:He hasfive children,and twoof themare abroad.We havethree books,none of which is/are interesting.比较We havethree books,but none of themis/are interesting.除她加题丕熊引曷韭限定性定适丛包外，其他引导词都可以，使用方法同限定性定语从句同1样但要注意如下区别在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开L.非限定性定语从句的作用它只是补充阐明先行词的状况，翻译时可译成两个句子2The engineer,whose legwas badlyhurt,was quickly sent to hospital.（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）The engineerwhose legwas badlyhurt wasquicklysenttohospital.（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）3指人做主语时只能用做宾语时用who,whom;指物做主语，宾语都用关系副词用或也不能省略which;when where,The man,is sittingon thechair,is myfather.The woman,I metyesterday,is myEnglish teacher.The city,is faraway,is verybeautiful.He wentto America,his parentslive.He joined the Armyyesterday,I left,too.引导非限定性定语从句

4.whoseThe house,whose windowfaces south,is mine.=The house,the windowof whichfaces south,is mine.=The house,of which the windowfaces south,is mine.二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本使用方法指人是主格在定语从句中替代先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略Lwho/thatDo youknow thegentleman who/that issitting there指人是宾格，在定语从句中替代先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）

2.whom/who/that

①当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略（）Do youknow thegentleman whom/who/that wemet justnow

②当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+（指人时介词后的关系代词只能用）whom whom（）The manwhom/who/that Ispoke withis myteacher.The manwith whomT spokeis myteacher.※注固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如等不能把动词与介词拆开，既look for,take careof介词不能提至引导词前（）She isthe rightgirl who/whom/that weare lookingfor.指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动

3.whose:Whose+n宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，不能省略whose Whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom=of which/whom+the=n.（主语）I didnt findthe deskwhose legwas broken.（动宾）He isthe studentwhose pencilI brokeyesterday.（介宾）The bossin whosecompany Iwork is very kind.指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）

4.which/that

①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略

②当作介宾时介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+（指物时介词后的关系代词只能用）which whichThe house which/that wasdestroyed inthe earthquakeis weak.The penwhich/that youfound yesterdayis mine.The gamesthat/whichthe young men competed inwere difficult.The gamesin whichtheyoungmencompetedwere difficult.※注:介词+关系代词即介词先行词指人用指物用+whom/which whom,whichoX

5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语、表语或状语，不能省略重要用于“the same・・・as・・・；such・・・as・・・；so・・・as…；as・・・as・・・；as follows”固定构造中，形式固定止匕时的引导限定性定语从句要用替代或引导定语从句as whom,which,thatSuch peopleas knewHill thoughthe washonest.Such peopleas Hillknew thoughthe washonest.My hometownis nolonger the same asit was.Here isso biga stoneas no one canlift.The childknows asmuch asgrow-ups know.rd liketo havethesamebooks asare usedin yourschool.He isnot sucha personas Iexpected.He willmarry aspretty a girl ashe canfind.※注和可引导非限定性定语从句可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which aswhich和都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换因此，当指代前as as/which面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数.Our teamlost thegame,as/which wasreported inthe newspaper.She wasterrified,as/which Icould seefrom hereyes.He marriedher,as/which wasnatural.区别

①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句背面He marriedher,as/which wasnatural.=As wasnatural,he marriedher.Mark Twinis agreat writer,which/as isknown toall.=As isknown toall,Mark Twinis agreat writer.

②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意常用句型有as we all know,as isknown toall,as everybodycan see,as isexpected,As isknown/said/reported/told/等如weall knowAs weallknow,paper wasfirst madein China.To shutyour eyesto facts,as manyof youdo,is foolish.

③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.Our classhas won the footballmatch,which madeus veryhappy.Bamboos arehollow,which makesthem verylight.

④从句含否认意义时常用which.She didntpass theexam,which wccouldnt expect.She didntpass theexam,as weexpected.关系副词指时间在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略此时的还可用介词

6.when when+which替代此时先行词一定是表时间的名词I still remember the time when I joined the League.=1still remember the timeon whichI joinedthe League.=1still rememberthetime which/that I joinedthe League on.关系副词指地点在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略此时的还可用介词

7.where when替代此时先行词一定是表地点的名词+whichI still rememberthe school where I joinedthe League.=1still rememberthe schoolin whichIjoinedtheLeague.=1stillrememberthe schoolwhich/that IjoinedtheLeague in.※注对关系副词的认识when,where

1.先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句Ell never forget thetimewhich/that Ispent inBeijing.

2.先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句This isthe factorywhich/that hevisited yesterday.

3.当句型为It/This/That iswas the firstsecond---last time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子此时的是次数，不是时间timeIt/This isthe firsttime that we travel.It/This isthe lasttime that I shallgive youa lesson.指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词一般为不能省略且引导的定语

8.why reason,why从句只能是限定性定语从句二Why for which1dont knowthe reasonwhy he was lateyesterday.The reasonwhyfor which hewas late isthat hemissed thebus.※注当先行词为时;关系副词并非都用reason whyThis isthe reason that/which hegave/explained tous.【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】从句缺乏的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键试比较I willnever forgetthe daywhich/that Ispent inHongkong.是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略spentI willnever forgetthe daywhen/on whichHongkong returnedto itsmotherland.从句主谓宾构造完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词The reasonthat/whichhegave fornot comingto schoolyesterday isnt believable.是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略gaveThe reasonwhy hedidnt cometo schoolyesterday isntbelievable.从句主谓宾构造完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词三.值得注意的几种问题第一.当先行词是物时，关系代词只用的状况that/which that.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时1This isthe bestfilm thathas beenshown thisyear.This isthe firstbook that I borrowfromthelibrary.XHe isthe firststudent that/who cameto schooltoday..当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时2He talkedabout theteachers andtheschoolthat he had visited.当先行词自身是的,用3all thatoall that=whatAll thatwhat Iwant tosay to you isThank you”.=A11what Iwant tosay toyou is“Thank you”.Go overall thatwhat we learned.在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略=Go overall whatwelearned.that.先行词为时，用4something,anything,nothing,everything,thing that.ril tellyou anythingthat Iknow..当先行词前有5all,much,little,many,a few,every,some,any,no,only,the very,one of,the only,等修饰语时the last,the nextThis is one of the books thatIm veryinteresting in.X This is one of the books in whichIm veryinteresting.This isthe onlybook thatI read.He isthe onlyone ofthe boysthat likesplaying thepiano.All theglasses that were on the tablefell offonto thefloor.人，物，当先行词在以或开头的特殊疑问句中时，用引导以防止混淆.

6.who whichthatWho isthe manthat istalking withthe ladyWhichof you that knowthe answercan cometo thefront.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用7that.He likesthe girlthat sheused to be.第二.当先行词是物时,关系代词只用的状况that/which which作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时.

1.The room in whichhe livesis verylarge..引导非限定性定语从句时主，宾都用都不能省略.2which,Football,whichisa veryinteresting game,is playedall overthe world.Thehouse,whichIvisited yesterday,isverylarge.指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句.

3.whichHe alwaysmakes funof me,which upsetsme.第三.其他特殊状况..先行词是指人时，关系代词只用1these,those who.Those who are playingover thereare mystudents..先行词是人称代词时，关系代词只用2he,she…who.He whodoesnt reachthe GreatWall isnot atrue man..不定代词作先行词时，关3someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody系代词用who.Anybody whobreaks therules wouldbe punished..

①先行词是+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用4the onlyone of单数形式由于此时的先行词是而不是后的可数名词复数.the onlyone,ofHe isthe onlyone ofthe boysthat likesplaying thepiano.This isthe onlyone ofthebooksthat isborrowed.

②先行词是+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式由one of于此时的先行词是后的可数名词复数，而不是f ne.This isone ofthe studentswhoarelate..当主句缺先行词时，用替代，但须注意只能替代可数名词单数.如为不可数5the onethe one名词时，指什么用什么.Is thisschool theone Ivisited yesterdayIspop musicthe musiche likesbest当先行词是在定语从句中充当方式状语时表”以…方式/措施”，引导词

6.the way,the way一般用或省略，也可用that in which.I dont like the way that you speak.=1dont likethe wayinwhichyou speak.=1don9tlikethewaywhich/thatyouspeak in.【“介词+关系代词十种状况】在定语从句中，介词+关系代词构造是一种较为复杂的问题现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的构造浅析如下介词在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，替代对应的关系副词和

1.+which when,where如我仍然记得初来学校的那why Istillrememberthe dayonwhichwhen Ifirst cameto school.一天,我工作的工厂是一种大工厂The factoryinwhich=where Iwork isa largeone这就是他为何迟到的原因This isthereasonforwhich=why hewaslate.介词指物指人在定语从句中作地点状语，表达存在关系，定语从句主谓

2.+which/whom一般要倒置他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一种小男They arrivedat afarmhouse,in frontof whichsat a small boy.孩我看见一种人，他的头上站着一只鸟I sawa man,on thehead ofwhom stooda bird.介词+指物/指人在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语这种构造中的

3.which whom介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约如Could youtell mefor whomyou,ve boughtthis coat你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？The man,这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的from whomI learnedthe news,is anengineer.介词用于被动构造的定语从句中，作状语，阐明动作的出发者如

4.+which/whom,.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了The wolfby whichthe sheepwas killedwas shot打死狼的那人是个好猎手The manby whomthe wolfwas shotwas agood hunter.不定代词在定语从句中作主语，阐明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有

5.+of+which/whom,等如both,all,any,some,each,none,most.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我There area lotof bookshere,none of which belongsto me.昨天玛丽买了某些衣服，他们都Yesterday Marybought afew clothes,all ofwhich wereexpensive很贵.数词在定语从句中作主语，阐明整体与部分的关系数词可以是基数词、6+of+which/whom,序数词、分数或百分数如.我们班有名学生，人是In our class thereare fifty-four students,twenty-five ofwhom aregirls5425女生两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的Two watcheswere stolen,one ofwhich wasmine.名词替代名词，在定语从句中作定语如

7.+of+which whose+二.我看见某些树，他I sawsome trees,the leavesofwhichwhose leaveswere blackwith disease们的叶子因害病而发黑我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了I livein ahouse,the windowsofwhicharc allbroken.介词+指物指人修饰后边的名词如

8.which/whose/一天一夜，就It rainedall nightand allday,during whichtime theship wasbroken intopieces.MT在这期间轮船撞碎了叩.司机就是那个人，她从他的房The driverwastheman fromwhose room she hadstolen thems间偷走地图形容词最高级构造，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系如

9.+of+which/whom Chinahas.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛thousands ofislands,the largestofwhichis Taiwan.我们班有名女生，最聪颖的In our class thereare twentygirls,the cleverestofwhomis LiHua20是李华介词不定式此种使用方法多见于正式文体中，相称于一种定语从句如

10.+which+.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了At lasthehadsomething aboutwhich towrite home他没有开门的钥匙He hadno keywith which to openthe door.He hasasmallroominwhichtolive.【运用定语从句时应注意的几种问题】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致

1.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本（先Thisisone ofthebookswhich werewritten byMark Twain.行词是因此动词应用）books,were关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一种句子成分，因此要注意防止从句中句子成分的反复出

2.现Thisisthe mostbeautiful placethatIhave visitedit.这是我参观过的最美的地方（去掉因Thisisthe mostbeautiful placethatIhave visited.it,that替代先行词在定语从句中作的宾语，再加就多出了）the mostbeautiful placevisit itThe schoolwhereI workedthere isa bigone.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校（去掉因既The schoolwhereIworked isabigone.there,where引导定语从句，又在从句中替代作状语）intheschool关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略

3.The bookswere onthe table were given toyou..桌上的那些书是给你的（关系代词作主The booksthatwereonthetableweregiventoyouthat语不能省）复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数状况

4.“one ofthe++复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，因此谓语动词常用复数形式假如+“one ofthe“oneofthe复数名词”前面有等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，由于先行词是，而不是复the very/only数名词如.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生He isthe onlyoneofthe studentswho speaksJapanese inourclass（是先行词）the onlyone.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一He isoneofthe studentswho speaksJapanese inourclass（是先行词）students定语从句中和的选用

5.who whom关系代词引导定语从句时，作主语用主格作宾语用宾格在其引导的定who/whom who,whom语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用whoMary isa girl who I think is clever.在定语从句中，是插入语,去掉后是一种who I think isclever Ithink Mary isa girlwhoisclever完整的句子，是定语从句的主语，不能用替代但下面的句子，状况就不一样了who whom,在定语从句中,如把看作Mary isagirlwhomIthink tobe cleverwhomIthink tobe cleverIthink插入语而去掉，则剩余的部分很明显不是一种完整的句子构造，Maryisagirlwhom tobe clever因此不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓构造，作的宾语，Ithinkwhom thinktobeclever是的宾补whom定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分如作主语和

6.宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词（在从句中替代时间状语此r11never forgetthe daywhenI went abroad myself,when onthe day,句可分用星为）I11never forgetthe day.Iwentabroadmyselfontheday.（替代在从句中作的宾语，该r11never forgetthe daysthatwespent together,that the days,spent句可分解为）I11neverforgetthe days.We spentthedaystogether.。