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专题定语从句05目录喙考点聚焦核心考点，有的放矢重点速记知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺牛刀小试知识点和关键点训练，能力提升♦学以致用提升专练，全面突破一.定语从句的定义二.定语从句的种类三.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别四.关系代词的用法五.关系副词的用法六.关系代词和关系副词的选用七.引导的定语从句as八.引导的非限定性定语从句as九.介词+关系代词一.定语从句的定义在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词引导定语从句的词称为关系词关系词包括关系代词（宾格所有格）和关系副词等who whom,whose,that,which where,when,whyThe boywho iswearing ablack coatbought aniPod yesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod..我妈妈煮的面条很好吃The noodlesthat/which mymother cookedwere delicious我学习柔道的学校非常大The schoolwhere Ilearned judowas very large.我记得我们乐队成立的日子I rememberthe day when ourband wasformedI dontknow the reason why she gotso angrythis morning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气说明这几个例子中,先行词分别是加下划线的部分为定语从句boy,noodles,school,day,reason0两者都引导定语从句从句中说明的名词与修饰的名词是同一个，从句中说明的名词与that the same as the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个.他看的书就是你昨天买的那本He isreading the same bookHat youbought yesterday.他看的书和你昨天买的书是一样的He isreading the same book as youbought yesterday（指同一本书；指同一种书，但并不是你买的那一本）.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支This is the samepen that I lost（）.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样This is the samekind/type/sort ofpen as I lost（指同一支笔；指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）的用法
2.such as……中的为代词，意思为“这样的人或物”，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such as such as such这不是一本我所盼望的书This bookis notsuch as I expect.He told me ofhis experiencesuch asI hadnever hadbefore.他给我讲了他的经验，我从来没有那种经验.我有的不多，但我愿把我所有的都送给你I havenot many,but I will sendyou such asI have补充还可以表示“诸如,例如,像……那样的的意思,此时其后跟名词或名词短语等,如:such asTheybought a lot offruit,such asapples,oranges,etc.他们买了许多水果，如苹果、橘子等八.引导的非限定性定语从句as可以像一样引导非限定性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不as which定式短语或整个句子在从句中作主语、宾语或表语此外，有些引导的定语从句已成为固定用法as as正如我们所知像通常那样as weknow as is often the case如上所述正如报道的那样as has been saidbefore as is reported众所周知正如预料的那样as iswell knownas wasexpected.正如她的工作所展现的那样,她是个细心的人She is very careful,as herwork shows正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康As weknow,smoking isharmful toones health.As is often the case,we haveworked out the productionplan.像通常那样，我们已经制定出了生产计划比较和引导的非限定性定语从句的联系和区别as which和都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句至于主句之后时，和可以互换使用as which as which.他没有告诉我任何消息,这使我很不安He didnttell meany news,as/which upsetme引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时不能放在主句之前引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时可放在主句which as之前或之后，有时也可放在主语与谓语之间二As is reported in the newspapers,talks betweenthe twocountries are making progress.Talks betweenthe two正如报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在进展中countries,as isreported icthn newspapers,are making progress.九.介词+关系代词句型名词/代词+介词+关系代词简单句
①.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课The professorgave a lecture tous yesterday简单句
②I couldntunderstand the meaning of the lecturecompletely.我不能完全理解那堂课的意思合成为定语从句
③=
①十
②The professorgave usa lectureyesterday,the meaning of which I couldntunderstand名词+介词+关系代词completely.那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思简单句
①.我们年级大约有名学生There arearound400students inour grade400简单句
②我们中的大多数人都来自西城区Most ofus arefrom theXicheng District.合成为定语从句
③二
①+
②There arearound400students inour grade,most ofwhom arefrom theXicheng District,代词+介词+关系代词我们年级大约有名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区400单句语法填空
1.Project Hope,launched bythe ChinaYouth DevelopmentFoundation in1989,is committedto sendingpoor childrentoschools,and hasmade adifference in the livesof6million studentsfrom poorfamilies nationwideover thepast threedecades,among isSu.
2.Nowadays anincreasing numberof peoplein variousparts of China havebegun tocelebrate theirflower festivalagain,some of,dressed inhanfu atype oftraditional Chinesecostume,perform aseries ofceremonies.y
3.Last year,Cambridge UniversityLibrary announcedthat twoof CharlesDarwins notebookshad beenmissing fromtheircollection,one ofcontains DarwinsTree ofLife95sketch.使用定语从句需注意的事项.定语从句中的主谓一致1定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致A.他就是想见你的那个人吗？Is hethe man who/that wants to seeyou作主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语用单数B.as,which像往常一样，他今天早晨上学又迟到了As isusual,he cameto schoollate this morning..液态水变为蒸气,这叫做蒸发Liquid waterchanges tovapor,which iscalled evaporation.先行词为复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数C“one of the+Freddy is one of the studentswho wantto bediplomats inour class.弗雷迪是我们班想当外交官的学生之一先行词为复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数D.“the only one of the+He is the only one of the studentswho has been awinner ofscholarship forthree years.他是惟一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生和不能用于定语从句中
2.what how不能用作关系代词来引导定语从句，但是引导的宾语从句可以与引导的定语从句互换A.what whatthat（正）（）Tell meanything that you know.（正）.告诉我你所知道的一切Tell mewhat you know说明引导的宾语从句相当于引导的定语从句what anything/all+that”（误）Tell meanything whatyou know.不能用作关系副词来引导定语从句修饰表示方式的的定语从句用来引导，也可用或省B.how wayin which that略（正）（）This is the way that/in which that boy worked out the problem.（正）（引导表语从句）This ishow thatboy worked outtheproblem.how（误）This isthe wayhow thatboyworkedouttheproblem.这就是那个男孩解出这道题的方法.关系代词和关系副词的省略
3.关系代词的省略1在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略A.Jane Hasek,who wasmy formerEnglish teacher,retired lastyear.简・哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略B.（）.对不起,我忘了把你要的杂志带过来（和Sorry,!forget tobring themagazine which/that youwant which that代替作动词的宾语，可以省略）magazine,want关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关C.系代词可以省略（正）This isthe governmentbuilding in which my father works.（正）（）This isthe governmentbuilding which/that myfather worksin.（误）.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼This isthe governmentbuilding inmyfatherworks句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略D.therebe（）.对此我毫无办法Theres nothing that Ican doabout it.关系副词的省略2非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略A.】〉.She livedin Nagoyafor acouple ofyears,whe eshe taughtChines她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略B.先行词后面的关系副词也可以省略the reason why（）.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方This isthe planewhere we first mettwo years ago（）.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子He stillremembers the time whenhe studiedin Berlin补充可以省略关系副词的时间名词有等when the time,every time,each time,the moment（）.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因Tell methe reasonwhy yourbrother wasabsent yesterday.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
5.根据在从句中是否作成分来判定1that在定语从句中担任句子成分，而在同位语从句中不作成分that（）你上周告诉我的消息不是真的The newsthat you told me last weekis not true.（引导的定语从句，说明是哪一个在从句中担任的宾语）that news,that told领导将要来这儿的消息不是真的The newsthat the leader will come here is nottrue.（引导的同位语从句，说明的具体内容，在从句中不担任任何成分）that newsthat.根据意思来判断2在引导词前加后，如果句子成立就是同位语从句，否则就不是，还是以上面两个例句为例isThe newsthat you told me last weekis nottrue.一（误）.你上周告诉我的消息不是真的The newsis that you toldmelastweek（因为不能等于所以句子不成立，不是同位语从句，而是定语从句）the newsyou toldmelastweek,The newsthat the leaderwill comehereis nottrue.一（正）领导将要来这儿的消息不是真的The newsis that theleaderwillcomehere.（句子成立，所以是同位语从句）.根据前的名词判断3that同位语从句中前的名词必须是表示事实的抽象名词,如that fact,news,information,order,belief,reply,answer,saying等，而定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制，但这一点不是决定因素，主要还要依前面所述的两点来判断一•单句语法填空
1.The appdoes thisby monitoringtheir timethe usersgo tosleep,which meansthat you willfeel lesssleepy whenyou wakeup everymorning.（大理石）
2.The sixgreatest18th-century carvedmarble sculpturesin theEast SculptureHall sustainedthe mostdamagewill receiveconservation treatment.
3.An additionalreason itcan beso desirableis that it tendsto comefrom resourcesthat arefree.
4.In theUS,Diane OttWhealy andher husbandfounded HeritageFarm,a placepeople canstoreand tradeseeds.
5.This storyabout self-respect andself-love,characters areChinese,is setin Europe.
6.The firstspace launchled to the firsthuman spaceflight,led to the firstmoonwalk.（菊花）
7.The DoubleNinth Festivalis alsoa timethe chrysanthemumblooms.（承包人）
8.Gig workers,often referredto asindependent contractorsor temporaryworkers,are thosesuch asdeliverydrivers andonline saleshosts oftenenter intocontracts withon-demand companiestoprovide servicesfor theirclients.
9.By the time of the MingDynasty,people coulduse theabacus in addition,subtraction,multiplication anddivision,werewidely usedfor calculatingthe weight,amount,space andvolume.
10.Shaxian snacksis ashining exampleof Chinesefood chainbrands,most likelyinclude foodssuch assteameddumplings,noodles andhuntun.二.语篇填空A girl who has a giftfor drawingIwent to an exhibitionlast month,]I admiredalot of wonderfulpaintings.Mary,2drawings wereshown at theexhibition,is amodel student3is oftenpraised forher goodwork atschool.As soonas wegot into the exhibitionhall4thepaintings wereon show,our eyeswere caughtby a verylargepicture5was hungon thewall infront ofus.The horse6wasdrawn in the picturewas exactlylike areal horse.The man7was ridingon itlooked like a livingman.It wasthe bestpicture8I hadever seen,and Ishould sayMary isthe best young painter9I haveever heardof.However,you willbe quitemistakenif youthink thatMary was born agood painter.One ofher teacherstoldmethat ithad takenMary thousandsofhours tolearn andpractise drawingbefore shebecame the bestyoungpainter10has everbeen heardof inher hometown.But ifyou saythat shehas learnedto beso goodat drawingonly byworking hardatit,Iwillcertainly agreewith you.专题定语从句05目录成考点聚焦核心考点，有的放矢重点速记知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺■牛刀小试知识点和关键点训练，能力提升学以致用提升专练，全面突破一.定语从句的定义二.定语从句的种类三.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别四.关系代词的用法五.关系副词的用法六.关系代词和关系副词的选用七.引导的定语从句as八.引导的非限定性定语从句as九.介词+关系代词一.定语从句的定义在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词引导定语从句的词称为关系词关系词包括关系代词（宾格所有格）和关系副词who whom,whose,that,which where,when,why等The boywho iswearing ablack coatbought aniPod yesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃The noodlesthat/which mymother cookedwere delicious.我学习柔道的学校非常大The schoolwhere Ilearned iudowas verylarge..我记得我们乐队成立的日子I rememberthe daywhen ourband wasformedI dontknow the reasonwhy she gotso angrythismorning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气说明这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy,noodles,school,day,reasono加下划线的部分为定语从句处在先行词和定语从句之间的和是关系代词，和是关系代who,that whichwhere,when why二.定语从句的种类定语从句可以为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句学习时要明确两者的意义和区别.限定性定语从句1限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的主语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语、关系代词通常可以省略你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗？Do youknow the girl whojust camein（）「.上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市Shanghai is a citythat vealways wanted to visit（）Her sistermarried aman who/whom/that shemet ona plane.她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人The time when Ifirst metMr.White wasa verydifficult periodof mylife.第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期.非限定性定语从句2非限定性定语从句又称为非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开非限定性定语从句一般不用引导，that关系词不可以省略The oldwoman,who liveso herown,has acat forcompany.那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫作伴罗丽准备嫁给马克,可她并不爱他Lori isgoing tomarry Mark,whom shedoes notlove.Beijing,which isthe capitalof China,is avery beautifulcity.中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市三.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不密切与先行词关系密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表（删掉后影响整个意思的表达）达）不用逗号隔开一般使用逗号隔开可用关系代词不可用关系代词that that关系代词可以省略关系代词不可以省略（在从句中担任宾语时可以省略）that,who,which关系代词可以替代关系代词不能替代（作宾语可用或替代）whom who that读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时一定有逗号分开,只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分只能由或引导which as四.关系代词的用法在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分在从句中作主语在从句中作宾语在从句中作定语先行词指代人who/that whom/who/that whose指代物which/that which/that whose/of which.关系代词和的用法1who whom两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别.基本用法1可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的who whom但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格即“介词whom,+whom”.约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人Johnny is a person who alwayshas novelideas（关系代词在从句中作主语）who获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江The girlwho won the firstprize isfrom Zhejiang..她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩She isthe girlwho/whom Iwill goto Shanghaiwith（关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以替）who whomThe person who/whom you just talkedto isMr.Depp..刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生=The personto whom you just talked isMr.Depp说明因为把介词提到宾语从句的句首，所以只能用而不能用to whom,whoWell goto thehospital to see thepatients,most ofwhom archildren.我们要去医院看病人，这些病人大多数都是儿童.只用而不用的情况2who that在定语从句中和指代人时可以通用，但在下列情况下只能用而不能用who thatwho,that先行词是和口寸，宜用A.one,ones anyonewhoOne whohas nothingto feacfor oneselfdares to tell thetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我The oneswho flatterme don*please me.,笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人Anyone wholaughs lastlaughs bestAnyone who failsto finishthe taskgiven shouldbe criticized.任何不能完成指定任务的人，都应受到批评先行词是时,宜用B.those whooNowords arestrong enoughto expressour thanksto thosewho worked hard torescue survivorsin the earthquake.对于那些在地震中为营救生还者而辛苦工作的人，任何言语都无法表达我们的感激之情当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用C whoImet agirl inthe streetyesterday whogrew uupin westernYunnan province.昨天我在街上遇到一个在云南西部长大的女孩一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是另一个宜用D.that,whoThe boythat youmetlast night isthe group leader who studinsvery hard.昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是个学习非常努力的组长在开头的句子中，宜用E.there bewho有个年轻人想要见你父亲There is a youngman whowants to see yourfather..有许多老人反对这个计戈［There aremany oldmen whoare againstthis planI有一位国王,他对他的臣民很仁慈There wasa kingwho waskind tohis people..关系代词的用法2whose关系代词是关系代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物当指代物时，相当于whose whowhose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句of whichwhoseDo youknow Peter whose father happens to be working in your company=Do youknow PeterHisfather happensto beworking inyour company.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作The touristwanted tobook aroom whosewindow facessouth.=The touristwanted tobook aroom thewindow of which facessouth.=The touristwanted tobook aroom.The roomswindow facessouth.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间We wenttoseeour teacherMiss Styles,whose husbandlost hislife inthe earthquake.我们去看望了我们的老师斯泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生了Xian,whose wallsremain asgood asbeforejs one of thefew citieswith citywalls.西安是少数几座有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保持得和以前一样好.关系代词和的用法3that which两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，和一般可以通用1which thatThenew housethat/which I have justbought is about sixmiles away.我新买的房子在大约英里以外6They plantedsome treesthat/which didntneed muchwater.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树.限定性定语从句中只用而不用的情况2that which主句已有疑问句或时A.who whichWhichof thecars thatare infront of the hotelbelongs toyou旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？坐在湖边的男人是谁Who isthe manthat issitting bythe lake先行词既有人又有物时B.他谈至了他访问过的学校和老师He talkedabout theschools andteachers that he hadvisited.The bikeand itsrider that had runover anold manwere takento thepolice station.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局先行词为等不定代词时C.all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none Itseasy todo therepair.All that you needis ahammer andsome nails.做修理很容易你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西We havengot much that we can offer yourdlike totell you something that will make you surprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事先行词有形容词最高级修饰时D.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法This isthe bestway thathasbeenused againstpollution.Polly isthe mostdirect youngwoman that I haveever comeacross.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性先行词有序数词修饰时E..这是他们第三次见面This isthe thirdtime that they havemetThe firsttime thatLester sawthe film,he madeup hismind to become adirector.莱特斯第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演先行词有等词修饰时F.the very,the only,the same,any,few,little,no,all,one of.这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间This isthe veryroom that I sleptin thatevening.李明是惟一一个想当老师的人Li Mingisthe onlyonethat wantsto bea teacher.我们惟一能够做的,就是给你一些钱The onlything thatwe cando is to giveyou somemoney有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用另一个宜用G.which,thatEdison builtup afactory whichproduced thingsthat hadnever beenseen before.爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西.只用而不用的情况3which that引导非限定性定语从句时只用而不用A.which that±E The fish,which Ibought thismorning,is veryfresh.误我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜The fish,that Ibought thismorning,is veryfresh.My house,which Ibought twoyears ago,has got a lovelygarden.我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园处在先行词和定语从句之间的和是关系代词，和是关系代who,that whichwhere,when whyO二.定语从句的种类定语从句可以为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句学习时要明确两者的意义和区别.限定性定语从句1限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的主语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗？Do youknow thegirlwhojust camein上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市Shanghai isa citythat Ivealways wanted to visit.Her sistermarried aman who/whom/that shemet ona plane.她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人The time when Ifirst metMr.White wasaverydifficult periodof mylife.第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期,非限定性定语从句2非限定性定语从句又称为非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开非限定性定语从句一般不用引导，that关系词不可以省略The oldwoman,who livesoo herown,hasacat forcompany.那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫作伴罗丽准备嫁给马克,可她并不爱他Lori isgoing tomarry Mark,whom shedoes notlove.Beijing,which is[he capitalofChina,isavery beautifulcity.中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市三.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不密切与先行词关系密切是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表删掉后影响整个意思的表达达不用逗号隔开一般使用逗号隔开可用关系代词不口用关系代词that Jthat关系代词可以省略关系代词不可以省略Jim passedthe drivingtest,which surprisedeverybody inthe office.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶注意在非限定性定语从句中，有时关系代词是指代整个句子，而不是指代一个单词，本句中指代“吉which姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事海伦对她最小Helen wasmuch kinderto heryoungest sonthan to the others,which,of course,made the others envyhim.的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他说明本句中，指代“海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多”这件事whichThe factoryproduces halfa millionpairs ofshoes everyyeanmost of which aresold abroad.这家工厂每年生产万双鞋，大都销往国外50补充前常用等词修饰which none/neither/most/both/each/all/a littleofLondon,which isthe capitalof theUK,isavery beautifulcity.英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用而不用B.which thatIwas putin aposition in which I had to accept Iwas lessimportact.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地This isthe hotelin whichyou will stay..这就是你将要住的旅馆=This isthe hotelwhich/thatyouwill stayin说明在这句话中，介词放在了句子的后面，那么关系代词既可以用也可以用还可以省略in which,that,在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是那么另一句的关系词就需C.that,用whichLet meshow youthe novelthat Iborrowed from the librarywhich wasnewly open.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说.关系代词和的用法总结4which that和在定语从句中作关系代词的主要区别which thatwhic
①可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个句子或主句中的一部分h
②可用于介词之后，构成“介词+which”that不能用于上述两种情况提高题单句语法填空（限额）
1.After eachcycle oftrading,companies haveleftover carbonallowances cansell themto others.
2.The letterwas oneof theearliest documentson recordmentioned tofuintheWest.
3.What makessomething asport Traditionaldefinitions usuallyincluded somephysical activitiesshowathletic abilityor strength.
4.The character“three“is shapedlike abook,represents thelong historicaltradition ofRong BaoZhai.
5.Instead ofan economyof thetypical take-make-dispose model,Chop Valueseeks tocreate onetransforms wasteintoa usableresource.答案与解析定语从句根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词
1.that/which companies,先行词指物，该空在定语从句中作主语，故应填that/whicho答案与解析定语从句关系词分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，
2.that且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that答案与解析•定语从句关系词分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示物的名
3.which/that词短语关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填physical activities,which/that答案与解析定语从句分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主
4.which语，指代主句The characterthree9is shapedlike abook”，故填whicho答案与解析定语从句分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词且在从句中作主语，
5.that one,所以填为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用引导that onewhich五.关系副词的用法关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语先行词关系副词关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语.关系副词的用法1where由引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如等，在从句中作地点where building,city,room where状语.那家旅馆很干净©The hotelwas very clean
②我呆在那儿/那家旅馆We stayedthere/at the hotel.
③二
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②.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净The hotelwhere we stayed was very clean先行词定语从句（在从句中代替或作地点状语）where thereatthe hotel,补充可以用关系代词表述The hotelthat/which we stayed atwas veryclean.二The hotelat which westayed was veryclean.I got tothe stage where I wasnt coping any more.=1got tothe stagewhich/that I wasnt copingwith anymore.我已经至了无法应付的阶段=1got tothe stagewith which I wasnt coping anymore.U这就是我出生的那所房子This isthe housewhere Iwasborn..关系副词的用法2when由引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如等，在从句中作时间状语when time,day,date when我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景ril never forget thetimewhenwe first met.先行词定语从句在从句中代替作时间状语when duringthetime,补充可以用关系代词表述『11never forget thetime during which we firstmet.The date when/that hejoined theANC YouthLeague wasAugust5th.他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是月日85注意从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用引导，但在口语中，常用代替也可以省略when thatwhen,.关系副词的用法3why由引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词的后面，在从句中作原因状语why reasonwhy我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力The reasonwhy I got a job was that I worked hard.先行词定语从句在从句中代替作原因状语why reason,补充可以用关系代词表述The reasonthat/for which I gota job was thatI workedhard.The reasonwhy she was late was that she missed her plane.=The reasonthat she was late was that she missed her plane.注意一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是它的关系副词就是；和一样，the reason,why when在口语中，关系副词常被代替，也可以省略why that=The reasonfor whichshewas latewas that she missedher plane.她迟到的原因是她错过了班机Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonwhy she left.=Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonthat she left.=Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonfor whichsheleft.艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因The reasonwhy Im calling you is to invite youto a party.=The reasonthat Im calling you is to invite youto a party.=The reasonfor which Imcalling youis toinvite youtoaparty.我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会补充带的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型reason定语从句或The reasonwhy/that…...the reasonwhy/that…”我知道她学习好的原因I knowthe reasonwhy shestudies sowell.表语从句不能用否则就重复了“The reasonis that...”why,原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意The reasonis thathe isalways carelessin hiswork.单句语法填空
1.The reasonthis traditionalflatbread happeningto bepopular amongthe ethnicgroups hereliesin itsbeing easy to bake,store andtransport.
2.Wherever yougo inXinjiang,whether northor southoftheTianshan Mountains,youll noticesmall standssome crispyanddelicious nangis sold.
3.The governmenthas alsointroduced anew proposalin orderto limitthe amountof after-school educationkids canattend,especially duringholidays andfestivals,kids shouldbe havingfun.答案与解析考查定语从句句意这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行，是因为它易于
1.why烘烤、储存和运输分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词关系词代替先行词在定语从reason,句中作原因状语，表示“由于这个原因”,应使用关系副词引导该定语从句why答案与解析考查定语从句句意在新疆，无论你走到哪里，无论是在天山的北边还是南边，你都
2.where会看到一些卖酥脆可口的馔的小摊分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词关系词代替stands,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词引导该定语从句where.答案与解析考查定语从句句意政府还提出了一项新的建议，以限制孩子们可以参加的课外教育3when的数量，特别是在假期和节日期间，孩子们本应该享受乐趣分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是在从句中作时间状语，要用关系副词引导holidays andfestivals,when六.关系代词和关系副词的选用对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外.这就是我参观过的学院©This isthe collegethat/which Ivisited
②.这就是我年前在那儿学习过的学院This isthe collegewhere Istudied threeyears ago3说明两句中的先行词都是但关系词不一样
①用关系代词因为它在从句中作及物动词the college,that/which,的宾语
②用关系副词因为它在从句中作状语,相当于或
①visited where,there inthe collegenever forget the daythat/which wespent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天
②「我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天11neverforget the daywhen I90t married.说明两句中的先行词都是但是它们的关系词不一样
①用关系代词因为它在从句中作及物the day,that/which,动词的宾语
2.such as……中的为代词，意思为“这样的人或物”，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such assuch assuch这不是一本我所盼望的书This bookis notsuch asI expect.He toldme ofhis experiencesuch asIhadnever hadbefore.他给我讲了他的经验，我从来没有那种经验我有的不多,但我愿把我所有的都送给你Ihavenot many,but Iwill sendyou such asIhave.补充还可以表示“诸如，例如，像……那样的”的意思，此时其后跟名词或名词短语等，如:suchasThey boughtalotoffruit,suchasapples,oranges,etc.他们买了许多水果，如苹果、橘子等八.引导的非限定性定语从句可以像一样引导非限定性定语从句，as as which用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子在从句中作主语、宾语或表语此外，有些引导的定语从as as句已成为固定用法正如我们所知像通常那样as weknow asisoften thecase如上所述正如报道的那样as hasbeen saidbefore asisreported众所周知正如预料的那样asiswell knownas wasexpected.正如她的工作所展现的那样,她是个细心的人She is very careful,as herwork shows正如我们所知,吸烟有害健康As weknow,smoking isharmful toones health.As isoftenthecase,we haveworkedoutthe productionplan.像通常那样，我们已经制定出了生产计划比较和引导的非限定性定语从句的联系和区别as which和都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句至于主句之后时、和可以互换使用as which aswhich.他没有告诉我任何消息,这使我很不安He didnttell meany news,as/which upsetme引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时不能放在主句之前引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时可放在主句whichas之前或之后，有时也可放在主语与谓语之间As is[eported inthe newspapeis,talks betweenthe twocountries aremakingprogress.正如报道的那样，这两个国家=Talks betweenthe twocountries,asisreported icthe newspapers,aremakingprogress.之间的会谈正在进展中九.介词+关系代词句型名词/代词+介词+关系代词简单句
①那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课The professorgave alecture tous yesterday.简单句
②I couldntunderstand themeaningofthe lecturecompletely.我不能完全理解那堂课的意思合成为定语从句
③=
①十
②The professorgave usalectureyesterday,themeaningofwhich I couldntunderstand名词+介词+关系代词completely.那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思简单句
①.我们年级大约有名学生There arearound400students inour grade400简单句
②我们中的大多数人都来自西城区Most ofus arefrom theXicheng District.合成为定语从句
③二
①+
②There arearound400students inour grade,most ofwhom arefromtheXicheng District.代词+介词+关系代词我们年级大约有名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区单句语法填空
4001.Project Hope,launched bythe ChinaYouth DevelopmentFoundation in1989,is committedto sendingpoor childrentoschools,and hasmade adifference inthe livesof6million studentsfrom poorfamilies（在从句中担任宾语时可以省略）that,who,which关系代词可以替代关系代词不能替代（作宾语可用或替代）whom who that读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时一定有逗号分开，只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分只能由或引导whichas四.关系代词的用法在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分在从句中作主语在从句中作定语先行词在从句中作宾语指代人who/that whom/who/that whose指代物which/that which/that whose/ofwhich.关系代词和的用法1who whom两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别基本用法L可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的who whom但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格即“介词whom,+whom”.约翰尼是一一个经常会有新奇想法的人Johnny isa personwho alwayshas novelideas（关系代词在从句中作主语）who.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江The girlwho wonthe firstprize isfrom Zhejiang她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩She isthegirlwho/whom Iwill goto Shanghaiwith.（关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以替）who whomThepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedto isMr.Depp..刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生=Thepersonto whomyoujusttalked isMr.Depp说明因为把介词提到宾语从句的句首，所以只能用而不能用t whom,whoWell gotothehospital tosee thepatients,most ofwhom arechildren.我们耍去医院看病人，这些病人大多数都是儿童.只用而不用的情况2whothat在定语从句中和指代人时可以通用，但在下列情况下只能用而不能用whothatwho,that先行词是和时，宜用A.one,ones anyonewhooOne whohas nothingto fearfor oneselfdares totell thetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我The oneswho flatterme don*please me,笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人Anyonewholaughs lastlaughs bestAnyonewho failsto finishthe taskgiven shouldbe criticized.任何不能完成指定任务的人，都应受到批评先行词是时，宜用B.those whooNowords arestrong enoughto expressour thanksto thosewho workedhard torescue survivorsintheearthquake.对于那些在地震中为营救生还者而辛苦工作的人，任何言语都无法表达我们的感激之情当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用C whoImet agirl inthe streetyesterday whogrew uupin westernYunnan province.昨天我在街上遇到一个在云南西部长大的女孩一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是另一个宜用D.that,whoThe boythatyoumet lastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudies veryhard.昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是个学习非常努力的组长在开头的句子中，宜用E.there bewho.有个年轻人想要见你父亲There isa youngmanwhowantstosee yourfather有许多老人反对这个计划There aremany oldmen whoare againstthis plan.有一位国王，他对他的臣民很仁慈There wasa kingwho waskind tohis people..关系代词的用法2whose关系代词是关系代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物当指代物时，相whose whowhose当于引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句ofwhich whoseDo youknowPeterwhosefather happensto beworking inyour company=Doyouknow PeterHisfatherhappensto beworkinginyourcompany.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作The touristwanted tobook aroom whosewindow facessouth.=The touristwantedtobookaroom thewindow ofwhich facessouth.=The touristwantedtobookaroom.The roomswindow facessouth.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间We wenttoseeour teacherMiss Styles,whose husbandlost hislife intheearthquake.我们去看望了我们的老师斯泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生了Xian,whose wallsremain asgood asbefore,isoneofthefew citieswith citywalls.西安是少数几座有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保持得和以前一样好.关系代词和的用法3that which两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，和一般可以通用1which thatThenew housethat/whichIhave justbought isabout sixmiles away.我新买的房子在大约英里以外6They plantedsome treesthat/which didntneed muchwater.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树.限定性定语从句中只用而不用的情况2that which主句已有疑问句或时A.who whichWhichofthecars thatare infront ofthe hotelbelongs toyou旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？坐在湖边的男人是谁Who isthe manthat issitting bythe lake先行词既有人又有物时B.他谈至了他访问过的学校和老师He talkedabout theschools andteachers Hathe hadvisited.UThe bikeand itsrider thathad runover anold manwere takentothepolice station.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局先行词为等不定代词时C.all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none Itseasytodo therepair.All thatyou needisahammer andsome nails.做修理很容易你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子We haven91gotmuchthatwe canofferyou.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西Id liketotellyou somethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事先行词有形容词最高级修饰时D.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法This isthebestwaythathasbeenused againstpollution.Polly isthe mostdirect youngwoman thatIhaveever comeacross.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性先行词有序数词修饰时E.这是他们第三次见面This isthe thirdtime thatthey havemet.The firsttime thatLester sawthe film,he madeup hismind tobecome adirector.莱特斯第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演先行词有等词修饰时F.the very,theonly,thesame,any,few,little,no,all,oneof.这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间This isthe veryroom thatI sleptin thateveningLi Mingistheonlyonethat wantstobeateacher.李明是惟-------个想当老师的人我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱The onlythingthatwecando isto giveyousomemoney.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用另一个宜用G.which,thatEdison builtup afactory whichproduced thingsthathadnever beenseen before.爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西.只用而不用的情况3whichthat引导非限定性定语从句时只用而不用A.whichthat（正）The fish,whichIbought thismorning,isveryfresh.（误）我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜Thefish,that Tbought thismorning,isveryfresh.My house,whichIbought twoyears ago,has gota lovelygarden.我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园Jim passedthe drivingtest,which surprisedeverybody inthe office.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶注意在非限定性定语从句中，有时关系代词是指代整个句子，而不是指代一个单词，本句中指代which“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事海伦对Helen wasmuch kinderto heryoungest sonthan totheothers,which,of course,made theothers envyhim.她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他说明本句中，指代“海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多”这件事whichThe factoryproduces halfa millionpairs ofshoes everyyear,most ofwhich aresold abroad.这家工厂每年生产万双鞋，大都销往国外50补充前常用等词修饰which none/neither/most/both/each/all/a littleofLondon,which isthe capitaloftheUK,isavery beautifulcity.英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用而不用B.which thatIwas putinaposition inwhichIhad toaccept Iwas lessimportant.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地This isthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.（）这就是你将要住的旅馆=This isthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.说明在这句话中，介词放在了句子的后面，那么关系代词既可以用也可以用还可以省略inwhich,that,在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是那么另一句的关系词就需C.that,用whichLet meshow youthe novelthatIborrowed fromthe librarywhich wasnewly open.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说.关系代词和的用法总结4whichthat和在定语从句中作关系代词的主要区别which thatwhic
①可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个句子或主句中的一部分h
②可用于介词之后，构成“介词+which”that不能用于上述两种情况单句语法填空限额
1.After eachcycle oftrading,companies haveleftover carbonallowances cansell themto others.
2.The letterwas oneoftheearliest documentson recordmentioned tofuintheWest.
3.What makessomething asport Traditionaldefinitions usuallyincluded somephysical activitiesshow athleticabilityor strength.
4.The character“three”is shapedlikeabook,represents thelong historicaltradition ofRong BaoZhai.
5..Instead ofan economyofthetypical take-make-dispose model,Chop Valueseeks tocreate onetransformswaste intoa usableresource.五.关系副词的用法关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分先行词关系副词指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语.关系副词的用法1where由引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如等，在从句中where building,city,room where作地点状语
①那家旅馆彳艮干净The hotelwas veryclean.
②我呆在那儿/那家旅馆We stayedthere/atthehotel.
③二
①十
②.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净The hotelwhere westayedwas veryclean先行词定语从句在从句中代替或作地点状语where thereatthehotel,补充可以用关系代词表述The hotelthat/which westayed atwasveryclean.=The hotelat whichwestayedwasveryclean.I got tothe stage where1wasntcoping anymore.=1gottothestagewhich/thatIwasntcopingwith anymore..我已经到了无法应付的阶段=1gottothestagewith whichIwasntcopinganymore这就是我出生的那所房子This isthe housewhere Iwas bom..关系副词的用法2when由引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如等，在从句中作时间状when time,day,datewhen语.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景ril neverforget thetimewhenwefirstmet先行词定语从句在从句中代替作时间状语when duringthetime,补充可以用关系代词表述ril neverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.The datewhen/thathejoined theANC YouthLeague wasAugust5th.他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是月日85注意从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用引导，但在口语中，常用代替也可以省when thatwhen,略.关系副词的用法3why由引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词的后面，在从句中作原因状语why reasonwhy我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力The reasonwhy I gotajobwas thatIworkedhard.先行词定语从句在从句中代替作原因状语why reason,补充可以用关系代词表述The reasonthat/for whichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.The reasonwhy shewas latewasthat she missedher plane.=The reasonthatshewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.注意一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是它的关系副词就是；和样，the reason,why when—*在口语中，关系副词常被代替，也可以省略why that二The reasonfor whichshewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.她迟到的原因是她错过了班机Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonwhysheleft.=Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonthatsheleft=Amy didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt themain reasonfor whichsheleft.艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因The reasonwhy Imcalling youistoinvite youtoaparty.=The reasonthat Imcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.=The reasonfor whichImcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会补充带的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型reason定语从句.”或“The reasonwhy/that.....thereasonwhy/that…”我知道她学习好的原因I knowthereasonwhyshestudies sowelL表语从句不能用否则就重复了“The reasonis that…”why,或甸里@受原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意The reasonisth单句语法填空
1.The reasonthis traditionalflatbread happeningtobepopular amongthe ethnicgroups hereliesin itsbeing easyto bake,store andtransport.
2.Wherever yougo inXinjiang,whether northor southoftheTianshan Mountains,youll noticesmall standssomecrispy anddelicious nangis sold.
3.The governmenthas alsointroduced anew proposalin orderto limitthe amountof after-school educationkidscan attend,especially duringholidays andfestivals,kids shouldbe havingfun.六.关系代词和关系副词的选用对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外
①（）.这就是我参观过的学院This isthe collegethat/whichIvisited
②.这就是我年前在那儿学习过的学院This isthe collegewhereIstudied threeyearsago3说明两句中的先行词都是但关系词不一样
①用关系代词因为它在从句中作及物the college,that/which,动词的宾语
②用关系副词因为它在从句中作状语,相当于或visited where,there inthe college（）@ril neverforgetthe day that/whichwespent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天
②我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天IF neverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.说明两句中的先行词都是但是它们的关系词不一样
①用关系代词因为它在从句中作theday,that/which,及物动词的宾语
②用关系副词因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语spent when,onthewayo七.引导的定语从句as作为关系代词既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句as引导的限定性定语从句Las的用法
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