2024年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编（精华版）

年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编（精华版）2024I词类词类英语名称意义例词The Noun缩写为名词表示人或事物的名称Basket,mouth,hospital,year,trainn用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人冠词The Articleart a,an,the或事物代词The Pronounpron用来代替名词、形容词或数词They,his,him,mine,which,allLong,empty,heavy,different,cheap,形容词The Adjectiveadj用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征hungry数词The Numeralnum表示数量或顺序Three,thirteen,twenty,second动词The Verbv表示动作或状态Hear,write,swim,eat,borrow,singQuickly,early,out,soon,then,sometimes副词The Adverbadv修饰动词、形容词或其他副词

②副词的比较级:A.A+动词+副词比较级+than+BB.副词比较级前也可以用much,even,still,far,any,a little,a bit,a lot等修饰C.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…，the more…the more…表示越…就越…”D.副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词the.

（五）数词

1.基数词:1-1213-1920-90100-1one13thirteen20twenty100a hundred2two14fourteen21twenty-one300three hundred3three15fifteen22twenty-two1,000a thousand4four16sixteen30thirty5,000five thousand5five17seventeen40forty1,000,000a million6six18eighteen50fifty1,000,000,000a billion7seven19nineteen60sixty8eight70seventy9nine80eighty10ten90ninety11eleven12twelve

2.序数词:1-1011-1920-90100-1first1st11eleventh11th20twentieth20100one hundredth100103one hundredand third2second2ld12twelfth12th21twenty-first21st103rd3third3d13thirteenth13th30thirtieth30th134one hundredandthirty-fourth134”4fourth4rh14fourteenth14th37thirty-seventh37th200two hundredth200th1000one thousandth5fifth15fifteenth15，h40fortieth40lhl,000lh1,000,000one millionth6sixth6th16sixteenth1650fiftieth50th1,000,000th1,000,000,000one billionth7seventh7h17seventeenth17th60sixtieth60th1,000,000,000lh8eighth8th18eighteenth1870seventieth70th9ninth919nineteenth1980eightieth80th10tenth10th90ninetieth90,h

①作主语The firstis betterthan thesecond.

②作宾语He wasamong the first toarrive.

③作表语He isthe firstto come to school.

④作定语The ninthletter of the word“restaurant”is n”./There arethree thousandworkersin thefactory.

（六）代词类另作用例词例句单数复数格人I ama teacher.--—•—-1—•称They arestudents.We all代替人或事物，主格作主人称代词Shlike him.语，宾客作宾语主格I youhe itwe youtheyeHe gavethe book to me.Hhi mthe m宾格me youit usyouer\词他我你他她它我们你们们My bookis there.的的的的的类型\的的的形容词性只作定语，名词Her fatheris aworker.物主代词形容词性可以作主、宾、表语等，you rhe ryou rthei rThis bikeis yours,ours ismyhis itsour性表示所属关系broken.名词词mi hetheiyou rsyou rshisits ours性ne rsrs第一人第二人X第三人称We ourselvesdid the称称work.yoursel himshersel起强调作用，只作同位语反身代词单数myself itselfHedid thework byfelf f和宾语himself.yoursel复数ourselves themselvesvesWe should helpeach宾格所有格other.表示相互关系，作宾each other（两者相互）each others（相互的）相互代词Please correcteach语one another（三者或三者one anothers（相互的）other9s mistakes.以上）起指示作用，作定Take this booktohis语、主语、宾语、表room.指示代词This,that,these,those,it,such,same二五结My pointis this.1口寸代替或修饰任何不some,any,no,none,many,few,little,all,both,every,I havesomething totell定数量及不定范围one,either,neither,other,a few,a little,another,you.Neither answeris不定代词的人或事物somebody,nobody,nothing,each right.表示疑问，构成特殊疑问代词who,what,whose,which,whom Whomdid yousee问句关系代词引导定语从句which,that,who,whom,whose The book thatI lostwasnew.引导名词性从句（主语I knowwhat you are从句、宾语从句、表语从doing.连接代词what,who,that句、同位语从Thafs whatI hope.句）

（七）动词类别意义例子例句及物动后面一*定接宾He visitedGaozhou yesterday.Open,visit,hear…含有实在的意义，表示动行为动词语作或状态，在句中能独立词后面可以不接不及物动Laugh,cry,live…He livesin Beijing.作谓语宾语词Be,become,grow,get,The meatsmells bad.本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作连系动词（linkv）turn,look,sound,He is a student.谓语，必须与表语一起构smell,taste,feel,seem・・成谓语・本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，Do,does,did,am,is,He doesntspeak English.只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动are,have,has,had,shall,We are playing football.助动词（v.aux.）词，表示否定、疑问、will,should,would・・・He hadgone toBeijing.时态或其他语法形式本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作Can,may,must,should,She canspeak English.谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓need,dear,shall,will,May Ispeak toAnn,please情态动词Modal Verbs语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态have to…We must go now.情态动词没有人称和数的变化注动词（除情态动词，只有原形和过去式）有原形、第三人称单数、动词一ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式

（八）介词

1.介词的种类1简单介词in,at,of,from,since,around,to22）合成介词onto,into,without,upon,within…

（3）短语介词because of,in frontof,according to

（4）分词介词regarding,following,concerning•••

3.介词短语在句子中的作用

①作定语I knowthe answerto thequestion.

（2）作状语The childrenareplaying basketball in the playground.

（3）作表语Mike isin theclassroom.

（4）作宾语补足语He foundhimself in the middleof theriver.

⑤作主语补足语Tom wasseen insidethe cinema.

4.常用介词的基本用法（D表示时间的介词（at,in,on,for,since,after,by,during,before,from,to,until,within・・・）2表示位置，方位的介词（in,at,on,to…）3表示交通方式的常用介词by,on,in•••

④其他一些词组搭配介词be angrywith/at/about sb/sth.be strictwith/in/sb/sth…九连词

1.并列连词1表联合关系连词and,or,but,for,not only-but also,as wellas,both・・・and・・・,neither--nor.2转折连词but,while,yet,however.

③选择连词or,or else,either・・・o广・•，otherwise.

2.从属连词

①引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的连用，主要有三个that,whether,if.I hear that heis a student.

②引导状语从句的从属连词A.连接时间状语从句when,before,after,while,as soonas,since,until,as,whenever,eversinceThe PrepositionFrom,with,at,into,behind,between,for介词表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系prepThe Conjunction连词And,or,but,so,because用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句conjThe Interjection感叹词表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感Oh,hey,ouch,well,there,dearinteg

（一）名词:I专有名词表示人名、月份、日期、地名等如China,John,London,the USA,Harbin.个体名词表示单个的人或事物如boat,chair,gsk,叩pie.“集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称如family,people,class,police.可数名词I普通名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质如water,a]L tea,sea,money,cotton.抽象名词:表示抽象概念的词如health,help,work,friendship.B.连接让步状语从句although,though,even if,howeverC.连接原因状语从句as,because,since,now that,for•••D.连接目的状语从句that,so that,in orderthat•••E.连接条件状语从句if,unless,once,in case…F.连接结果状语从句so…that,such…thatG.连接方式状语从句as,as if,as though•••H.连接地点状语从句where.

1.连接比较状语从句as,as…as,not as/so…as,than

（十）非谓语动词

1.定义动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词可分为三种动词不定式、分词和动名词

2.动词不定式to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）o（没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化）

①一般式主动语态to do,被动语态to be+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生）

（2）进行式主动语态to bedoing,被动语态无（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生）

③完成式主动语态to have+动词过去分词，被动语态to havebeen+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生）

④用法A.作主语:To learn a foreign language isnot easy.=Its noteasy to learnaforeign language.B.作表语The mostimportant thingis tofinish thework ontime.C.作宾语a.动词+to do.He decidedto buy a newwatch.（agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford…）b.动词+疑问词+todo I dont knowwhere toput thebike.c.动i司+形式宾语（it）+宾补+to doI findit importanttolearna secondforeignlanguage.D.作补语a.动词+宾语+to doTom askedmetoshow himthe newshoes.（tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage--•b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词He oftensaw Tomplay football.see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let…E.作状语a.表示目的:He went to Guangzhouto seehis sons.He gotup earlyin orderto catchthe firstbus.b.表示结果He istoo tiredto walkany farther.They aren,t oldenough to go to school.c.表示原因:He issorry tohearthat.I amglad to see you.F.作定语:I havesomething totell you.I wantto buysomething toeat.

⑤动词不定式to的省略A.在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式tOoI oftensaw himgo out of the room.---------He wasoften seentogoout oftheroomby me.B.在had better,would rather,do nothingbut等后面常省to

⑥动词不定式的否定形式not+to do,有时也可以用一never+to do结构

3.动名词动词原形+ing o具有名词、动词一些特征

①一般式主动语态doing,被动语态being+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生）

②完成式主动语态having+动词过去分词，被动语态having been+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）Children enjoywatching animatedcartoon.I dontremember havingever seen thefilm.

③动名词的否定形式not+动名词（v-ing）I regretnot beingable tohelp you.

④用法A.作主语a.动名词作主语如果太长,可以用形式主语it代替Learning Englishis very important Itsveryimportantto learnEnglish.b.No+动名词表示“禁止No smoking,No parking.B.作宾语He finisheddoing hishomework.C.作表语His favouritesport isplayingbasketball.D.作定语shopping basket,finishing line.（表明名词的用途、功能等）E.动名词的复合结构名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词Do youmind my/Wei Fangs openingthe window

4.分词动词原形+ing o具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征（可分为现在分词、过去分词）现在分词

①一般式主动语态doing,被动语态being+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生）2完成式主动语态having+动词过去分词，被动语态having been+动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词（v-ing）No understandingthe meaningofthewords,he couldntexplain thesentence.

④用法:A.作表语The resultis surprising.B.作定语Developing country（主谓关系）sleeping boy（boy所做的动作）C.作状语Passing by the house,he sawa girl playing the piano.=when he was passingby thehouse,he sawagirlplaying thepiano.D.作宾补I foundhim lyingon thegrass.过去分词

①形式规则动词+ed,和不规则动词的过去分词

②过去分词的否定形式not+动词过去分词

③用法A.作表语My bikeis broken.He isvery worried.B.作定语:developed country,fallen leaves,spoken English.C.作状语Asked why he was absent,he saidhewasill.=When hewas askedwhyhewasabsent,he saidhewas ill.D.作宾补You hadbetter haveyour shoesmended.I hadmy haircut yesterday.

（十一）动词的语态

1.语态定义英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者We teachEnglish in our school.（主动）English istaughtin ourschool.（被动）

2.被动语态助动词Be+及物动词的过去分词（be+p.p.），be有人称、时态和数的变化见下表:时态谓语动词的形式例子一般现在时Am/is/are+动词过去分词Colour TVsare madein thefactory.一般过去时Was/were+动词过去分词My hometownwas liberatedin

1949.一般将来时Shall/will+be+动词过去分词The filmwill beshown again.现在进行时Am/is/are+being+动词过去分词The wallsare beingpainted.过去进行时Was/were+being动词过去分词The ticketswere beingwell soldthen.现在完成时Has/have+been+动词过去分词A newroad hasbeen builthere.时态谓语动词的形式例子过去完成时Had+been+动词过去分词Much hadbeen donebefore mothercame back.含有情态动词的情态动词+be+动词过去分词The compositionmust behanded intoday.被动语态

3.被动语态中值得注意的问题1带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词My fathergave mea book./1was givenabook by my father./A bookwas givento mebymyfather.2英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态The clothwashes well./This kindof bagssells well./The shoeswear long./The knifecuts well./The penwrites smoothly./This coatlasts long.3在英语中有时“be+V-ed”结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构The mountainswere coveredwith snow.4在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，要补留宾语补足语We foundthe doorbroken./The doorwas foundbroken.

（5）宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原too He made melaugh./1was madeto laugh.6如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词The nurselooked afterthebaby./The babywas lookedafter bythe nurse./We mustmake up for thelessons wemissed./The lessonswe missedmustbe madeupfor.7下列情况不能用被动语态A.不及物动词The accidenthappened ona busyroad yesterday.B.连系动词The girllooks likeher sister.C.宾语为反身代词He alwaysdresses himselfneatly.D.宾语为相互代词The studentsoften helpeach other.E.同源宾语At thattime,they liveda happylife.F.表示状态的及物动词I havea newcar./The bookcost me30yuan.

（十二）动词的时态:时态表不内容谓语动词的构成常用的时间状语例句现阶段经常发oftenusuallyalwaysHe isoften latefor school.一般现在动词原形（包括第三人称生的动作或存sometimesevery day^in theShe usuallygoes towork on时单数形式+s/es）在的状态morning afternoon・•,等foot.一般将来将要发生的动shall/will+动词原tomorrow next week thisHe willgo toShanghai next形时month in an hourthe day作或存在的状态week.am/is/are going to+after tomorrow等I amgoingtobuyabook动词原形tomorrow.am/is/are to+动词They aretoseea filminahour.原形She is about tomend thebikeam/is/are aboutto+later.动词原形I amflying toGuangzhou nextam/is/are+动词一week.ingI finished my homework过去发生的动yesterdaylast weekthree daysyesterday.一般过去作或存在的状动词过去式（一般+ed,特ago、before theday beforeHewenttoGaozhou threedays时殊见课本不规则表）态yesterday等ago.现在进行现在正在进行am/is/are+动词现now Ifssix oclock.也可用They aredoing their可数名词

2.名词的数可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数

3.名词的格名词有三个格主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化

（二）冠词

1.定冠词一the.

①特指某（些）人或某（些）事物The studentsare verygood.

（2）说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物Where isthe toilet

（3）重复提到上文的人或事物I havea cat,the catis whiteand black.

④表示世界上独一无二的事物The moonmoves aroundthe earth.

⑤形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前I amthe oldest.He isthefirsttoschool.I liveinthesouth.

（6）乐器的名称前常用定冠词一the oI likeplayingthepiano/violin.

⑦和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人We shouldhelp thepoor.homework now.时的动作在分词look listen等词提示Look!The boyis playingbasketball.过去某个时刻I wassleeping at11last night.at sixyesterday morning、this time过去进行was/were+动词现正在进行的动They werecooking when theyesterday、也可用when等引导的时在分词作bell rang.从句动作发生在过去，已结束，alreadyevernever^just forthree Ihave alreadyfinishedmy对现在有影响；或have/has+动词过去分days、since

1998、bytheend ofwork.现在完成者开始在过去一词（一般+ed,特殊见课本this termHe hasntfound outwho时直持续到现在的不规则表）yet等broke thedoor.动作I hadseenthefilm whenI was过去某个时间in college.过去完成By theend oflast month之前已经完成had+动词过去分词The meetinghad begunbefore时when before等引导的从句了的动作we arrived.should/would+动词原形was/were goingto+动词He saidthat hewould go to从过去某个时原形was/were to+动词Maoming thenext过去将来通常在宾语从句中出现，主句为过间看将来发生原形day.时的动作去时She toldme thatshe waswas/were aboutto+moving toFrance intwo days.动词原形was/were+动词一ingn句子句子的成分i.定义组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语主语和谓语是句子的主体部分表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分句子成分意义例句表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、Lucy is an Americangirl.主语代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当We studyin No.l MiddleSchool.We loveChina./She issinging.Mike说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”谓语（谓语部分hopes tobe adoctor./His parentsare谓语里主要的词）用动词谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”farmers.两方面必须一致Her auntisadriver./Are youready说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词表语We wereat homelast night.的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语句子成分意义例句He oftenhelps me./We study表示动词、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充English atschool.宾语当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么Did yousee himyesterday Theblack bikeis mine./Whats your用来修饰名词或代词作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、name,please定语介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等We havefour lessonsinthemorning用来修饰动词、形容词或副词一般表示行为发生的时间、People areall workinghard./It isvery地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或nice.状语相当于副词的词或短语等来表示We hada meetingthis afternoon.英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补语，宾语补足Hemademe veiyangry.才能使句子的意义完整这类词有make,consider,cause,see,find,语I findhim agood boy.call,get,have,let等句子的种类

1.英语中按使用目的或功用分为四类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句A.陈述句

①陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种a.陈述句的肯定式1have alreadyposted thephotos./They arestudents./1mustgo now./He wasreading abook at8:00last night.b.陈述句的否定形式1谓语动词是系动词be,助动词have,will,shall,be或情态动词，只须在其后面加not构成否定句She isntastudent./He hasntbeen tothe Great Wall./1can notswim./You willnot gothere tomorrow./Theyarent sleeping.2若谓语动词是实义动词，在实义动词前加上do not,第三人称单数现在时用does not,过去时用did notHe didntsendme aninvitation.3由具有否定含义的词never,nobody,hardly,little,dislike,seldom,few,too…to等构成的否定句Not allthe booksinourschool librarycan berenewed.B.疑问句

①疑问句提出问题英语中有四种疑问句一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句a.一般疑问句以一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have开始，语调为升调，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑问句一般疑问句的基本结构1Be动词is,am,are,was,were+主语+表语…？Have动词表示“有have,has,had+主语+宾语…？情态动词can,may,must等+主语+行为动词或be---助动词do,does,did+主语+行为动词…？助动词shall,will,have,has+主语+行为动词…2否定形式的疑问句，通常把助动词与not缩写，放在句首构成回答Aren tyouastudent Yes,I am・不，我是No,I amnot.对，我不是b.特殊疑问句以疑问代词who,what,whom,whose,which或疑问副词when,where,why,how开头1如果疑问词在句中作主语或其修饰主语时，其语序如陈述句Who ison dutytoday/Which bookisyours.2如果疑问词在句中不作主语或其修饰主语，用“疑问词+一般疑问句”形式Where haveyou beenc.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，供回答者选择，并由or连用，但不能用Yes或no来回答1疑问句+选择成分1+or+选择成分2Do youwant coffeeor cocoa/Are youan Englishmanor anAmerican2特殊问句+选择答案1+or+选择答案2who runsfast,Tom,Mary orLi lei.d.反意疑问句陈述部分+提问部分1◎前肯后否，前否后肯◎前后人称、数和时态要一致，疑问部分要用代词◎事实回答用Yes,非事实回答用No.◎前陈述句用降调，后问句用升调；如对前陈述句内容有把握，后问句也可用降调◎如果前面陈述句中有否定词hardly,little,few,never,rarely,nothing,none,nobody,not,no等，后面疑问句应该用肯定式2陈述句中有have to,had to,ought to,used to,don^imperative,somebody/someone,everybody/everyone时,附加疑问句需分别用dont,didnt,shouldnt,usednt/didnt,will,they等My grandmaused tobe ateacher,usednt/didnt sheDont turnon theTV set,will you3陈述句部分是复合句时，提问部分的主语和助动词要与主句一致Hewas readingwhentheteacher camein,wasnt he

（4）在“I think（guess,suppose,believe）+宾语从句”中，当主语是第一人称时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语应与后面宾语从句相一致；但若主语不是第一人称时，则附加问句与前面主句一致Idontthink hecan passthe exam,can heHe believedyou hadseen herbefore,didnt he

（5）在含有情态动词must的句子中，若must表示推测，提问用must后面的动词若must表示有必要时，用neednt若mustnt表示禁止时，提问用mustHe mustbe tired,isn^heYou mustgo toGaozhou,needn9tYou mustn9t smokehere,must you

（6）陈述句部分为祈使句，疑问部分常用will you（表请求）注let飞用shall we（包括说话人），let us用will you（不包括说话人）Have acup oftea,will youLets gonow,shall weLet usgonow,will you.祈使句可表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等（省主语，动词用原形）

（1）let+第一人称，第三人称+（not）动词原形Let metry again.

（2）动词原形+其他成分Listen tome carefully.

（3）Dont（never）+动词原形+其他成分Don9t lookoutofthe window.

⑧放在某些专有名词前We willgo tovisit theGreatWallnextweek.the peopledRepublic ofChina.

⑨放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人The Whitesare watchingTV.⑩固定词组中In themorning/afternoon/evening.

2.不定冠词一a/an.

①指人或事物的某一种类A horseisauseful animal.A tablehas fourlegs.

（2）指某一类人或事物中的任何一个Pass mea pencil,please.We writewith apen.3指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物Thebookwas writtenby apeasant.Last monthwe wereworking inafactory.4不定冠词还可以指“事物的单位”，如“每日”、“每斤”等Here isa letterfor you.The meatis18yuan akilo.

3.零冠词

①泛指人类或男女Man willconquer nature.

②抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词Knowledge beginswith practice.

③有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义，其前面也常不加冠词We hadbetter sendhim tohospital atonce.

④在专有名词前一般不用冠词China isa greatcountry.Mr Smith isanartist.

（5）在三餐饭何球类运动名称之前不用冠词He oftengoes outfor awalk aftersupper.Sometimes Iplay basketball.

（6）在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前October10thisTeachers9Day.

（7）称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词Grannyis sleepingnow.We callhim monitor.8在语言名词前，名词前有指示代词、物主代词或数词时，不用冠词This ishisbook.I canspeak English.9不用冠词的惯用语At night/on food/gototown/at home/in class/at work等

（三）形容词

1.形容词的构成

①简单形容词由一个单词构成Good,long,green,large,bright,interesting,sui-prised,learned,developing,sleeping.

（2）复合形容词由一个以上的词构成20-minute,second-hand,500-word,8-year-old,three-legged,round-trip,part-time,good-looking.

2.形容词的用法1修饰名词作定语She isa beautifulgirl.2作表语He isvery strong.

（3）作宾语补足语Let thedoor open.You mustkeep yourclassroom clean.

（4）“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人或物，在句子中可作主语或宾语Weshouldspeak tothe oldpolitely.

⑤大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语,但少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语如asleep,ill,awake等

（6）有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语如many,little,wooden,golden等

3.形容词的位置1形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面A heavybox.

（2）与表示度量的词连用，形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面3metre long.12kilometer away.3与不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等连用时，可以放在这些词之后Somethingimportant.nothing serious.4当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下面的词序排列冠词（包括物主代词、序数词、基数词）一描述形容词（brave,beautiful）一表示形状（大小、长短、高矮）的形容词一表示年龄或新旧的形容词一表示颜色的形容词一表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词一表示材料、物质的形容词一表示用途或类别的形容词一被修饰的词Mynice smallbrown leatherbag.those largeround blackwooden tables.

4.形容词的比较级和最高级（一般加er/est,不规则见表）

①原级的用法“……和……相同”A.肯定句A+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.He isas tallas me.B.否定句A…+not as+形容词原级+as+B（即A不如B那么…）A…+not so+形容词原级+as+B=A---+less+形容词原级+than+B.

②比较级的用法A.A+动词+形容词的比较级+than+B.（A比B更…，在这种句型中，比较级前面可用much,even,still,a little,a bit,alot,any,far等修饰，表示“…得多”，“甚至…”，“更“-----------------------------------------------------，点儿B.“比较级+and+比较级”、u moreand more+部分双音节或多音节的原级”译为“越来越

③最高级的用法（个体用一of,范围用一in,最高级前面要用定冠词一the）A.三种最高级表示法最高级Shanghai isthe largestcity in China.比较级Shanghai islarger thanany othercity inChina./Shanghai islarger thanthe othercities inChina.原级No othercity isas largeas Shanghai inChina./No othercity islarger thanShanghaiinChina.

（四）副词

1.副词的种类

①时间副词often,always,usually,early,ago,already,before,ever,late,now,soon,since,tomorrow,just now•••

（2）上也点副词here,there,above,below,outside,anywhere,back,down,home,out,everywhere•••

（3）方式副词hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,angrily,simply,carefully

④程度副词very,quite,much,still,almost,little,too,enough

（5）疑问副词how,when,where,why•••

（6）关系副词when,where,why•••（引导定语从句）

⑦连接副词how,when,where,why,whether…

（8）频率副词often,seldom,usually,never,sometimes,every day,always,hardly・・・

⑨其他副词really,certainly,surely,maybe

2.副词的用法

①作状语He canfinish thework easily.

（2）作定语（要后置）The studentshere arefrom Harbin.

③作表语I mustbe offnow.

（4）作宾补，构成复合宾语Show himup.I sawhim outwith mysister lastnight.

3.副词的比较级和最高级（一般加er/est，不规则见表）

①副词的原级A.as+副词的原级+as与…一样”B.not as（so）+副词的原级+as与…不一样”C.too+副词的原级+to do sth.“太…而不能”D.so+副词的原级+that从句“如此…以致于…”E.副词的原级+enough todosth.“足够…能做…”。