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中考英语专项总结代词人称代词
1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格人称、第一人称I mewe US第二人称You youyou youHeshe it.him herit第三人称they them
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语如:I liketable tennis.(作主语)Do youknow him(作宾语),人称代词还可作表语作表语时用宾格如一Who isknocking at the door一Ifs me.
3.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比拟时,用主格和宾格都可以如He isolder thanme.He isolder thanI am.代名词形容词用法单数复数单数复数othersanother other boys不定anothe别人,其他boy其他男孩r另一个人另一个(男孩)the the others the other the other特定otherboyboys其余那些另一个人、物另一个男孩其余那些男孩1other可以作刑定词田.后而可以踉单新成后励夕;词.意阳是“其他的、别的”Where arehis otherbooksI haventany otherbooks exceptthis one.2other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the others表示两个人或物中的・・・“另一个〃常与one搭配构成“onetheother”句型He hastwo brothers.One is10years oldthe otheris5years old.5She helda rulerin onehand andan exercise-book in the other.3other作代词用时,可以有复数“others,泛指“另外的人或物,常・与some搭配构成“some.…others…”句型Some wentto thecinema,others wentswimming.This coatis toolarge.Show mesome others,please.4“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物,We gothome by4oclock,but the others didntget backuntil8oclock.In ourclass onlyTom isEnglish,the othersare Chinese.5another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.You cansee anothership in the sea,cant youMarydoesn*t want to buythis skirt.Would youplease showher anotherone6another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”Im stillhungry afterTve hadthis cake.Please giveme another.
4.every与each的区另限each every))1可单独使用1不可单独使用)2可做代名词、形容)2仅作形容词词))3着重“全3着重“个别”体”,毫无例外)4用于三者或三)4用于两者或两者以者以上每一个人或上中的每一个人或物物Thpf-pArCTAVPKtnvtcPAr,hch Id.Each ballhas adifferent colour.当我们说each child,each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此Every studentloves theEnglish teacher.=All studentslove theEnglishteacher.Every childlikes playing.=All childrenlike playing.
4.all和both的用法)1all指三者以上,或不可数的东西谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语All ofus like Mr.Pope.我们都喜欢Pope先生(作主语)=We alllikeMr.Pope.(作同位语)All thewater hasbeen usedup.(作主语)Thats allfor today.(作表语)()Why noteat allof thefish(作宾语)All theleaders arehere.(作定语))2both作代词
①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”Lucy andLily bothagree withus.They bothpassed ontheir sticksat thesame time.How areyour parentsTheyYe bothfine.
②与“Of+代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”Both ofthem cameto seeMary.Both ofthe booksare veryinteresting.
③单独使用,表示“两者(都)Michael hastwo sons.Both areclever.I dontknow whichbook isthe better,I shallread both.)3both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”Both hisyounger sistersare ourclassmates..There aretall treeson bothsides ofthe street.六.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词相互代词有each other和one another两种形式在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式We shouldlearn fromeach other/one another.(作宾语)Do youoften writeto eachother/one another(作宾语)We oftenborrow each others/one anothersbooks.(作定语)Thestudents correctedeachothers/one anothersmistakesin theirhomework.(作定语)七.疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what Wwhich等疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分例如Who isgoing tocome heretomorrow(作主语)What isthat(作表语)Whose umbrellais this(作定语)Whom areyou waitingfor(作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词关系代词有它们在句中可who,whose,whom,that,which.用作主语,表语,宾语,定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词例如I hatepeople whotalk muchbut dolittle.rm lookingatthephotograph whichyou sentme withyour letter.With themoney thathe hadsaved,he wenton withhis studies.Do youknow thelady whois interviewingour headmaster二.物主代词
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示形容词性物主代名词性物主代词数词第一人称my mine第二人称your yours单:his his数第三人称her hersitsits第一人称our ours复数第二人称your yours第二人称their theirs2,形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语例如Our teacheris comingto seeus.This isher pencil-box.
3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语Our schoolis here,and theirsis there.(作主语)一Is thisEnglish-book yours(作表语)—No.Mine isin mybag.Pve alreadyfinished myhomework.Have youfinished yours(作宾语)三,指示代词指示代词包括:this,that,these,those,this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those那么指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如This is a penand thatisapencil.We arebusy thesedays.In thosedays theworkers hada hardtime.
1.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these那么是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如I hada cold.Thats whyI didntcome.What Iwanttosay isthis;pronunciation isvery importantin learningEnglish.
2.有时为了防止重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如Television setsmadein Beijingare justas goodas thosemadein Shanghai.
4.this在用语中代表自己,that那么代表对方例如Hello!This isMary.Is thatJack speaking四.反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己“,”你自己”,“他自己“,“我们自己“,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示称数第一人称第二人称第三人称himself,herself,itself单数myself yourself复数ourselves Yourselvesthemselves反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语
1.作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人He calledhimself awriter.Would youplease expressyourself inEnglish
2.作表语It doesntmatter.Ill bemyself soon.The girlin thenews ismyself.
3.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人()1myself washed the clothes.=1washedtheclothes myself.(作主语同位语)You shouldask theteacher himself.(作宾语同位语)五.不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1.some与any的区别some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接
①不可数名词+单数动词;
②可数名词+复数动词Look!Some ofthe studentsare cleaningthe library..Some ricein thebag hasbeen soldout.1any多用于疑问句、条件句和否认句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接
①不可数名词+单数动词;
②可数名词+复数动词If youhave anyquestions,please askme.There isntany orangein thebottle.Have yougot anytea2any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”any多用于疑问句或否认句中,some多用于肯定句中How manypeople canyou seeinthepictureI cantsee any.If youhave nomoney,111lend yousome.注意与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否认句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用法相同
2.few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别1用作形容词:表示肯定表示否认用法fewa few不多,几乎没虽少,但有几个用于可数名词有little用于不可数名不多,没有a little,虽少,但有一占
八、、词什么Im goingto buya fewapples.He canspeak only a littleChinese.There isonlya little milkintheglass.He hasfew friends.They hadlittle moneywith them.)2alittle和little也可以用作副词,alittle表示“有点,稍微“,little表示“很少”)Im alittle hungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Let himsleep alittle.(修饰动词sleepMary,go alittle faster,please.(修饰副词比拟级)She sleptvery littlelast night.
3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区另U
4.other,theother,another,others,theothersU的区另。
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