初二上册英语语法总结

初二上册英语语法总结动词不定式一.定义动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语二.动词不定式的构成动词原形to+三.动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,would like等我们希望天黑以前到那儿We hopeto getthere beforedark.那个姑娘决定自己做那件事The girldecided to do itherself.（动词不定式作宾语的注意事项点）2有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同

1.记住要做某事remember to do记得曾经做过某事remember doing忘记要做某事forget to do忘记曾经做过某事forget doing停下来去做某事stop to do停止做某事stop doing继续做另一件事go onto do继续做原来在做的事go ondoingI rememberseeing yousomewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你Please rememberto turnoff thelight whenyou leave.离开时请记得关好灯不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词宾

2.it+it+补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构如:He foundit verydifficult toget tosleep.他发现很难入睡四.动词不定式作宾语补足语后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有等

1.to ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help老师要我们做练习一The teacher told ustodoExercise

1.我要你们俩去I wantboth ofyou togo.（）我们帮助她修理自行车We helpedhertorepair herbike..使役动词及感官动词等要以不带的不定式作宾补2let,have,make see,watch,notice,hear,feel toLets我们休息一会吧have arest.我看见他进来了I sawhim comein.感官动词后既可跟不带的不定式作宾补，也可跟作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者t v-ing表示动作正在进行.我看见他下了楼（说明他下楼了这件事）I sawhim comedownstairs•我看见他在下楼（说明他下楼时的情景）I sawhim comingdownstairs五.动词不定式作状语不久他离开家到不同的城市工作Later heleft home to workin differentcities.他去看足球比赛了He wentto seea footballmatch.In orderto catchthe otherstudents,I mustwork hard.为了赶上其他同学，我必须努力学习六.动词不定式作定语不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面I needsomething to eat.Do youhave somethingto readTomwas soexcited that he had no wordto say.He isreally afool onlytoeat.The manto standhere justnow isour Englishteacher.The doctorhadnoway tosave thepatient.注意（）作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成，被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有1介词我正在找一间住房（方位关系）I amlooking fora roomto livein.We havemany things todoexperiments with.我们有许多做实验的东西（方式关系）（）作定语的不定式是由构成的动词短语2be+adj+prepHere thereisn5t anybook forme tobe interestedin.我们做了许多引以自豪的事We havedone manythingstoproud of.七.动词不定式作主语To giveis betterthan toreceive.To reachthere onfoot isimpossible.动词不定式作主语时，可以用代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面itIfs betterto givethan toreceive.Its impossibleto reachthere onfoot.IVs+adj+for sb.todo sth.Its notdifficult formetostudy Englishwell.Its easyfor himto workout thismath problem.在这个句型中，如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切，并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等,由引出逻辑主语这类形容词主要有等of nice,kind,good,wrong,right动词不定式和疑问词连用A.动词不定式可以和疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，可以作主语、宾语、表what,which,how,where,when语、宾语补足语等How todo isstill aquestion.Have youdecided whento leave九.动词不定式的否定形式；动词不定式的否定式是在前加不带的不定式则在动词前加如to not to not.张明要我不要整天呆在家里Zhang Mingasked menottostay at home allday.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事My motherlet menot doit bymyself.被动语态英语有两种语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态（）表示主语是动作的执行者The ActiveVoice被动语态（）表示主语是动作的承受者The PassiveVoice构成承受者+助动词及物动词的过去分词执行者be++by+一般现在时承受者+助动词及物动词的过去分词执行者am/is/are++by+一般过去时承受者+助动词+及物动词的过去分词执行者was/were+by+承受者+助动词及物动词的过去分词执行者shall/will be++by+承受者+助动词及物动词的过去分词执行者have/has been++by+承受者+及物动词的过去分词执行者can/may/must/should+be++by+被动语态用法）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态1）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态2）如果需要说出动作的执行者，用引导出动作的执行者3by主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况）主语+谓语动词+宾语1将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语（主动）We boughta book yesterday.（被动）The bookwas boughtyesterday.）主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语刖要加介词to/for（主动）He showedme a book yesterday.（被动）I was showed abookyesterday.（被动）The bookwasshowedto me yesterday.）主语+谓语动词+复合宾语3含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语（主动）（宾语补足语）I foundhim a good pupil.（被动）（主语补足语）He wasfound agood pupil.）短语动词变为被动语态4有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词（主动）We shouldlook afterthe patientsvery well.（被动）The patientsshould belooked aftervery wellby us.）宾语从句变为被动语态5若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面itIts saidthathepassed theexam.被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题（）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词1（主动）The students in classlisten tothe teachercarefully.（被动）The teacheris listenedto carefullyby thestudentsinclass.（）当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上”2“t“t（主动）They makedo allthe work.（被动）We weremade todo allthe work.（主动）We oftenhear hersing English songs.（被动）She isoften heardto singEnglishsongs.（主动）I seehim walk to school.（被动）He isseen towalktoschool.新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习

（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,the dayafter等tomorrow,next year,next month,next week,in100years（动词原形）结构表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情如be going todoIt isgoingtorain.结构表示将来的用法will do表示预见

1.Do youthink itwill rainYouwill feelbetter afteragoodrest.表示意图

2.I willborrow abook fromour schoollibrary tomorrow.What willshe dotomorrow基本构成如下一般疑问句构成

（1）wiH+主语+do・・・？Will Sarahcome tovisit menext Sunday（）结构的一般疑问句2there beWill there4-be•••Will therebe fewertrees Yes,there will./No,there wont否定句构成（）will+not won+doSarah wontcome tovisit menext Sunday.特殊疑问句构成特殊疑问词+主语will+H—What willSarah donext Sunday★★练一练★★根据例句，用改写下列各句Will彳列（）I dontfeel welltoday.be better tomorrowril be bettertomorrow.

1.Gina hassix classestoday.have a lot of homework tonight

2.Fm tirednow.sleep later

3.My parentsneed anew car.buy onesoon

4.We can9t leaveright now.leave a little later

5.The weatheris awfultoday.be bettertomorrow答案

1.Shell have a lotofhomeworktonight.

2.Til sleeplater.

3.They,11buy onesoon.

4.Well leavealittlelater.

5.Maybe itllbebettertomorrow.二的用法should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在后边加should shouldnot.例如I thinkyou shouldeat lessjunk food.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品She drivesa lotand sheseldom walks.So I think sheshould walkalot.她经常开车，很少走路所以我认为她应该多走路Students shouldntspend toomuch timeplaying computergames.学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏学习向别人提建议的几种句式1Ithinkyou should,,,2Well,you could---3Maybe youshould•・・4Why dontyou,・・5What aboutdoing sth.6Youd betterdosth.★★练一练★★用或填空should shouldnt

1.I cantsleep thenight beforeexams.You takea warmshower beforeyou go to bed.

2.Good friendsargue eachother.

3.There islittle milkin theglass.We buysome.

4.They didntinvite youMaybe yoube friendlier.

5.1am alittle bitoverweight.So Ithink Ido exercisesevery day.答案

1.should

2.shouldnt

3.should

4.should

5.should

（三）过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作构成

1.，例如was/were+doingI waswatching TVat9oclock lastnight.是时间点at9oclock lastnightThey wereplaying footballall afternoon.是时间段all afternoon过去进行时的标志词

2.等例如at8oclock lastnight,this timeyesterdayI was having lunchathomethis timeyesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭At thattime shewas writingabook.那阵子她在写一本书表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情★★练一练★★用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空

1.This timeyesterday Ireadbooks.

2.At9oclock lastSunday theyhave a party.

3.When Icome intothe classroom,sheread astorybook.

4.Sheplay computergames whileher mothercookyesterday afternoon.

4.1haveashower whenyou call meyesterday.答案:

1.was reading

2.were having

3.came;was reading

4.was playing;was cooking

5.washaving;called四间接引语形成步骤不要逗号，冒号，引号1要考虑到人称的变化人称的变化与汉语是一致的2要考虑时态的变化3要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化4直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律

1.直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律

2.直接引语间接引语

1.am/is

1.was

2.are

2.were

3.have/has

3.had

4.will

4.would

5.can

5.could

6.may

6.might★★练一练★★用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空

1.She saidI behard-working.

2.Peter toldme hebe boredyesterday.

3.She saidshe goswimming lastSunday.

4.Bobby saidhe maycallmelater.

5.Antonio toldme heread abook then.答案请转述他人说的话

1.was

2.was

3.went

4.might

5.was reading

1.1go tothe beachevery Saturday.Tom

2.1can speakthree languages.Lucy

2.2will callyou tomorrow.Mike

4.Tm havinga surpriseparty forLana,she五引导的条件状语从句if结构一般现在时，主语+将来时if+含义如果……，将要……例如If youask him,he willhelp you.如果你请求他，他会帮助你If needbe,well workall night.如果需要，我们就干个通宵★★练一练★★根据中文提示，完成句子如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心

1.If youthe party,you.如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐

2.If ittomorrow,we.如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的

3.If youoften,you.答案

1.If yougo tothe party,you willhaveagood time

2.If itrains tomorrow,we wontgotothe picnic

3.If youoften listento Englishsongs,youUl likeEnglish谢谢大家下载，本文档下载后可根据实际情况进行编辑修改.再次谢谢大家下载.翱翔在知识的海洋吧.。