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被初语态
一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态的基本时态变化
1.被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由过去分词构成，随时态的变化而变化be+be以为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为do（过去分词）一般现在时1am/is/are+done彳列Visitors arerequested not to touchthe exhibits.现在完成时例2has/have been done Allthe preparationsfor thetask have been completed,and werereadyto start.现在进行时3am/is/are beingdone例A newcinema is being builthere.一般过去时例4was/were doneI wasgiven tenminutes todecide whetherI shouldreject theoffer.过去完成时5had been done例By theend oflast year,another newgymnasium had been completedin Beijing.过去进行时6was/were beingdone例A meetingwas beingheld whenI wasthere.一般将来时7shall/will be done/be goingto be done/be aboutto be done/be to be to done例Hundreds ofjobs will be lostif thefactory closes.8should/would bedone/was\were goingto bedone/was\were aboutto bedone/was\were to be一般将来时to done例The newswould besent to the soldiefsmother assoon asit arrived.将来完成时少用例9shall/will have beendoneThe projectwill have been completedbefore July.过去将来完成时（少用）10should/would have beendone例He toldme thathis newclothes wouldhave beenmade verysoon.动语态的特殊结构形式11）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为情态动词+过去分词1be+但U Thebaby should be takengood careof by the baby-sitter.）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一2宾语仍然保留在谓语后面通常变为主语的是间接宾语例可改为His mothergave him a presentfor his birthday,He wasgiven apresent byhis motherfor hisbirthday.）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动3例可改为Someone caughtthe boysmoking acigarette.The boywas caughtsmoking acigarette.）在使役动词以及感官动词等后面不定式4have,make,get see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加tto例可改为Someone sawa strangerwalk into the building.A strangerwas seento walkinto thebuilding.）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词*“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，5但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开其中的介词或副词也不能省略例The meetingis to be put off tillFriday.谓语动词的被动语态12v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态一般时态和完成时态例I donftlike beinglaughed atinthe public.
7.The oldman isill.Hemust sendtothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggs andfruitssell inthis shop.金属
9.What knivesmake ofTheymake ofmetal andwood.
10.Can themagazine tooktakeout of the library
11.The roomcleanby meevery day.
12.The starscantsee in the daytime.
13.Some flowerswaterby LiMing already.
14.This kind of shoessellwell.
15.How longyour unclebein thecity
16.The foodsmelldelicious.
17.Look!Someonedance.
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词改为主动语态同义句转换
18.s teagrown in South Chinapeople teainSouthChina
1.1am givena birthdaypresent bymy parentsevery year.对划线提问A birthdaypresent bymy parentsevery year.
3.The workis goingto befinished intwo days..改为被动语态How thework goingto befinished改为被动语态
4.The childrenwill singan English song AnEnglishsongby thechildren.
5.You needntdo itnow..改为被动语态It byyou now.
6.People usemetal formaking machines改为被动语态Metal makingmachines.
7.He mademe dothat for him.I thatforhim.
8.They arewatching thefootball match.改为被动语态The footballmatch by them..改为被动语态
9.Did theybuild abridge herea yearago abridge hereby thema yearago
10.They havesold outthe lightgreen dresses改为被动语态The lightgreen dressesout.
11.We callthe game“LianliankarT.The gameLianliankarT byus.
四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来
①I have a lot of homeworkto bedone tonight.
②Is yourhistory teacherlistened carefullyin class@Lei Fengs name rememberedby allChinese people.@The musicis soundedbeautiful.1-5ACADC6-10BCBDA
⑤By whowas thisnew educationalCD-ROM designed11-15CBCAD16-20DCCDBKeys1B2A3D4C5D6C7B8D9A10CH B12C13C14C15C16B17B18B19A20C21A22C23A24D25C26B27C28B29D30A31C32B33C34A35D36D37C38C39D40BAnswers
一、选择题1二.B、2用.D括
3.A号
4.内C5所.6给.C动
7.B词8的.B正
9.C确1形
0.式Bl填l.B空
12.D
13.B
14.B
15.Al.will bebuilt
2.is beingdiscussed
3.is spoken
4.hasnt beenfound
5.were cut
6.are told
7.must besent
8.are sold
9.arem三a、de按,a要re求m改ad写e1下
0.列be句ta子ke，n1一1空.is一cle词aned
12.be seen
13.have beenwatered
14.sells
15.has been
16.smells17is dancing
1.Do,grow
2.is givento me
3.soon is
4.will besung
5.neednt bedone
6.is usedfor
7.was madeto do
8.is beingwatched
9.w四a、sb下ui列lt1各
0.句ha均ve有b一een处s错old误1，
1.请is c找al出led并改正过来改为改为改为改为改为
①bedonedo
②listened listened to
③remembered wasremembered4is soundedsounds
⑤By whoBy whom
二、从句及其他类似句型It is said that+一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如等可以believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think用于句型过去分词从句或主语过去分词有“It+be++that+be++to dosth.”据说…据报道,…大家相信,大家希望，It issaid that...is reportedthat It is believedthat It is hopedthat...…众所周知，…大家认为，…据建议It iswell knownthat It is thoughtthat It is suggestedthat例It issaid that the boyhas passed the national exam.=The boyissaidto havepassedthenationalexam.
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义.英语中有很多动词如等，当它们被1break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,selL read,write,wash用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物例This kindof clothwashes well.注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响试比较（指门本身有毛病）The doorwon*t lock.（指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因）The doorwon*t belocked..表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如2happen,last,take place,break out,come out,come等以主动形式表示被动意义about,come true,run out,give out,turn out例这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？How dothe newspaperscome out系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词等在主系
3.feel,sound,taste,book,feel表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义例Your reasonsounds reasonable.
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义在等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词
1.need,want,require,bear不定式的被动形式（）.这房子需要修理The houseneeds repairingto berepaired形容词后面跟动名词的主动形金表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而后面跟
2.worth worthy动词不定式的被动形式仞J The picture-book iswell worthreading.=Thepicture-book isvery worthyto beread.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代
3.词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义例（与是动宾关系，与是主谓关系）I havea lot of thingsto dothis afternoon.to dothings I试比较（此处用不定式的被动语态作定IH gotothepost office.Do youhavealetter to be posted语表明you不是post动作的执行者）在某些“形容词+不定式叫故表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定
4.式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard.等difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting例（可看作省略了）.This problemis difficultto workout.to workout forme在…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义
5.too…to例（）This bookis tooexpensive forme tobuy.在…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人,用
6.there be被动形式作定语，重点在物例There isno timeto lose（to belost）.（用to lose可看成for ustolose；用to belost,谁lost time不明确）在结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动表被动然而，由于古英语的影响，
7.be to do下列动词等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义rent,blamejet例Who is to blamefor startingthe fire
五、介词等十名词构成介词短语表被动意义in,on,under表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”常见的有（受控制）,
1.“under undercontrol under（在治疗中）,（在修理中），（在讨论中）,treatment underrepair underdiscussion underconstruction（在施工中）例（）The buildingis underconstruction is being constructed.名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”常见的有（令人难
2.“beyond+beyond belief以置信），（鞭长莫及）,无法控制），我们beyond onesreach beyondones controKbeyond ourhope.的成功始料不及彳列（）The rumouris beyondbelief=cant bebelieved.
5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在.过程中或范围内”常见的有inprint（在印刷中），insight（在视野范围内），等例（）The bookis not yet inprint.=is notyet printed
6.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事中”常见的有onsale（出售），onshow（展出），ontrial（受审）例（）Today sometreasures areon showin themuseum=are beingshowed.
7.“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出....之外常见的有out of control（控制J不了），out of（超出视线之外），为（够不着）,（不流行）等sight outof onereach outof fashion彳列（）The planewas outofcontrolcant becontrolled.名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……
8.“within+彳列He tooktwo daysoff within the teacher*s permission.
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别当过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状“be+态时，后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词其区分办法如下be如果强调动作或句中有介词引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构
1.by例（系表结构）The glassis broken.（被动语态）The glasswas brokenby the boy.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态
2.例（系表结构）The dooris locked.（被动语态）The doorhasalready/just beenlocked.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词
3.只有一般时态和完成时态be例The machineis beingrepaired.
七、被动语态与高考试题赏析高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1.）（）
1.In someparts of the world,tea withmilk andsugar.NMET1993A.is servingB.is servedC.serves D.served解析因为是及物动词，其动作承受者作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时B servetea的被动语态）（）
2.This isTeds phone.We misshimalot.He tryingto savea childin the earthquake.NMET2002A.killed B.is killedC.was killedD.was killing解析是的承受者，用被动语态，且救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语C Tedkill Ted态
3.——Have youmoved intothe newhouse——Not yet,the rooms.NMET1991A.are beingpainted B.are paintingC.are painted D.are beingpainting解析和应该是被动的关系，排除后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，A“house”“paint”B,Do所以要用现在进行时的被动语态不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C上海春
4.When andwhere togo for the on-salary holidayyet.2003A.are notdecided B.have notbeen decidedC.is notbeing decidedD.has notbeen decided解析是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以要D decidedecide用被动语态从题干的语境和关键词可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成yet,时的被动语态.上海春
5.The managerentered theoffice andwas happyto learnthat four-fifths ofthe tickets2001A.was bookedB.had beenbookedC.were bookedD.have beenbooked解析句中是订票的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在B ticketsbook enteredthe这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态office高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
2.当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时，须用被动式弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键
1.Having atrip abroadis certainlygood forthe oldcouple,but itremains whetherthey willenjoyit.NMET2002A.to see B.to be seenC.seeing D.seen解析根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉、两B CD项；又因的逻辑主语是动词说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有remains itsee待于“被决定、应使用动词不定式的被动形式
2.While shopping,people sometimescant help_____into buyingsomething theydont reallyneed.±W1996A.to persuadedB.persuadingC.being persuadedD.be persuaded解析C can，t helpdoing禁不住做某事排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态上海
3.1feel itis yourhusband whoforthespoiled child.2002A.is to blame B.is goingto blameC.is to be blamedD.should blame一解析的宾语从句为强调句型，在结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被Afeel beto do动语态，如等toblame,to let【强化训练】
1.If citynoises fromincreasing,people shoutto beheard evenat dinner.A.are notkept；will have toB.are notkept；haveC.do notkeep；will have toD.do notkeep；haveto
2.The fifthgeneration computers,with artificialintelligence,are andperfected now.A.developedB.have developedC.are beingdevelopedD.will have been developed
3.—the sportsmeet mightbe putoff.---Yes,it alldepends on the weather.A.Fve beentold B.Pve toldC.Pm toldD.I told
4.1need onemore stampbefore mycollection.A.has completedB.completesC.has beencompleted D.is completed
5.Rainforests andburned atsuch aspeed that they willdisappear fromtheearth in the nearfuture.A.cut B.are cutC.are beingcut D.had beencut
6.The newsuspension bridgebytheend oflast month.A.has beendesignedB.had beendesignedC.was designedD.would bedesigned
7.When apencil ispartly ina glassof water,it looksas ifit.A.breaks B.has brokenC.was brokenD.had beenbroken
8.Great changesin thecity,and alotoffactories.A.have beentaken place;have beenset upB.have taken place;have beenset upC.have taken place;have set upD.were taken place;were set up
9.That suitover60dollars.A.had costedB.costed C.is costedD.cost
10.---Look!Everything hereis underconstruction.---Whafs thepretty smallhouse that_forA.isbeingbuilt B.has beenbuiltC.is builtD.is building
11.—Do youlike thematerial---Yes,it verysoft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feels D.is felt
12.It isdifficult fora foreignerChinese.A.write B.to writeC.to bewritten D.written
13.1have nomore letters,thank you.A.to typeB.typingC.to betyped D.typed
14.Take care!Dont dropthe inkon yourshirt,for it_easily.A.wont washout B.wont bewashed outC.isnt washedout D.isnt washingout
15.Nobody noticedthe thiefslip intothe housebecause thelights happened to.A.be putup B.give inC.be turnedon D.go out
16.The computerson thetable Professor Smith.A.belongs B.are belongedtoC.belongs to D.belong to
17.---What doyou thinkofthebook---Oh,excellent.Ifs wortha secondtime.A.to readB.to beread C.reading D.being read
18.The squirrelwas luckythat itjust missed.A.catching B.to becaughtC.being caughtD.to catch
19.This pageneeded again.A.being checkedB.checkedC.to checkD.to bechecked
20.many times,the boystill didntknow howto dothe exercisesA.Having taughtB.Having beentaughtC.taught D.Teaching被动语态基础练习选择题l.Our house,A.is gettingpaint B.is gettingpainted C.is gotpaintedD.has got to paint
2.He arrivedin Beijing,where hehis friend.A.was met by B.was metC.was meetingD.metby
3.The warin1937A.was broken out B.had beenbrokenoutC.has brokenout D.broke out
4.The mistakesin theexercises willthe teacher.A.cross B.be crossingC.be crossedby D.cross by
5.My brotherand Ihave herbirthday party.A.been invitedB.been invitedfor C.invited toD.been invitedto
6.1t this wayA.is had to doB.is hadto bedone C.hadto bedone D.has to do
1.1t_thisway.A used todoB.usedtobedone C.is usedtodoD.is usedto doing
8.Chaplin.A.The childsname wascalled B.The child*snamecallsC.The childcalls D.The childis named
9.The sportsmeeting.A.is putoff B.is toputoffC.istobe putoff D.puts off
10.Mary realizedsheA.was makingfun ofB.was made fun C.was beingmade funof D.was beingmadefun
11.to saya thinginthat wayA.It isconsiders wrongB.Itisconsidered wrongC.Itisconsidered itswrong D.Itisconsiedring wrong
12.He orderedthat thebooks atonce.A.would be printed B.would printC.beprintedD.print
13.The storyin ChinA.A.was taken place B.was happenedC.took placeD.has beentakenplace
14.The housemy parentsA.is belong to B.belong to C.belongs toD.is belongedto
15.He byhis teacher.A.happened to see B.was happenedtoseeC.happenedtobe seen D.was happenedtobeseen
16.Great changesin ourprovince.Many tallbuildings.A.have beentakenplace,have beenset upB.have takenplace,have beenset upC.have beentakenplace,havebeenset upD.were takenplace,were setup
17.The halFsbut itsnotyetwith lamps.A.furnished,finished B.been finished,been furnishedC・being finished,being furnishedD.setup,full
18.The newhall isthe tallestbuilding inthis town.from hereA.Can itseeB.Can itbeseenC.Can itseenD.Can see
19.As soonas wegottothe airport,we foundthattheplane.A.had alreadytaken offB.already tookoffC・was alreadytaking offD.was alreadytaken off
20.Some ofthe hotelsin myhometown.A.have nowbeen rebuildingB.are nowrebuildingC.are nowbeing rebuiltD.are rebuiltnow
21.If citynoises fromincreasing,people shouttobeheard evenat dinner.A.are notkept；will haveto B.are notkept；haveC.do notkeep；will havetoD.do notkeep；haveto
22.The fifthgeneration computers,with artificialintelligence,are andperfected now.A.developed B.have developedC.are beingdeveloped D.will havebeen developed
23.---the sportsmeet mightbe putoff.---Yes,it alldepends onthe weather.A.Ive beentold B.Fve toldC.Tm toldD.I told
24.1need onemore stampbefore mycollection.A.has completedB.completes C.has beencompleted D.is completed
25.Rainforests andburned atsuch aspeed thatthey willdisappear fromtheearthin thenearfuture.A.cut B.are cutC.are beingcut D.had beencut
26.The newsuspension bridge____bytheend oflast month.A.has beendesigned B.had beendesignedC.was designedD.would bedesigned
27.When apencil ispartly ina glassof water,it looksas ifit.A.breaks B.has brokenC.was brokenD.hadbeenbroken
28.Great changesinthecity,and alotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.have takenplace;havebeenset upC.have takenplace;have setup D.were takenplace;were setup
29.That suitover60dollars.A.had costedB.costed C.is costedD.cost
30.---Look!Everything hereis underconstruction.---Whats thepretty smallhouse that_forA.isbeingbuilt B.has beenbuilt C.is builtD.is building
31.---Do youlike thematerial---Yes,it verysoft.A.is feelingB.felt C.feels D.is felt
32.Itisdifficult fora foreignerChinese.A.write B.to writeC.tobewritten D.written
32.1have nomore letters,thank you.A.to typeB.typing C.tobetyped D.typed
34.Take care!Don!t dropthe inkon yourshirt,for it_easily.A.wont washout B.wont bewashed outC.isnt washedout D.isnt washingout
35.Nobody noticedthe thiefslip intothe housebecause thelights happenedto.A.be putupB.give inC.be turnedon D.go out
36.The computersonthetable____ProfessorSmith.A.belongs B.are belongedtoC.belongs toD.belongto
37.---What doyou thinkofthebook—Oh,excellent.Its wortha secondtime.A.to readB.toberead C.reading D.being read
38.The squirrelwas luckythat itjust missed____.A.catching B.tobecaught C.being caughtD.to catch
39.This pageneeded again.A.being checkedB.checked C.to checkD.tobechecked
40.many times,theboystill didntknow howtodothe exercisesA.Having taughtB.Having beentaught C.taught D.Teaching被动语态专项练习
一、选择题
1.a newlibrary inour schoollast yearA.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build
2.An accidenton thisroad lastweek.帛花A.has beenhappened B.was happenedC.is D.happenedhappened
3.Cotton Iinthesoutheast ofChina.D.growA.is grownB.are grownC.grows
4.So far,the moonby manalready.A.is visitedB.will bevisited C.has beenvisited D.was visited
5.A talkon Chinesehistory inthe schoolhall nextweek.A.is givenB.has beengiven C.will begiven D.gives
6.How manytrees thisyearA.are plantedB.will plantC.havebeenplanted D.planted
7.A lotof thingsby peopleto savethe littlegirl now.A.are doingB.are beingdoneC.has beendoneD.willbedone
8.—When thiskindofcomputers—Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used
9.The GreatWall allover theworld.A.knows B.knew C.is knownD.was known
10.Who thisbookA.did;written B.was;written byC.did;written D.was;written
11.A storyby Grannyyesterday.A.was told us B.was toldto usC.is toldus D.toldus
12.The monkeywas seenoff thetree.____A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump
13.The schoolbag behindthe chair.A.puts B.can beput C.can beputted D.can put
14.Older peoplewell.A.looks afterB.must belooked afterC.must lookafter D.looked after
15.Our teachercarefully.A.should be listenedtoB.shouldbelisten C.belistenedD.is listened
二、用括号灯所给动词的正确形式填空据说
1.1ts saidthatthelong bridgebuild intwo months.
2.Where tohave themeeting discussnow.
3.Which languagethe mostwidely speakintheworld
4.The lostboy notfind sofar.
5.Last yeara largenumber oftrees cutdown.
6.The studentsoftentell totake careof theirdesks andchairs.。
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