不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如chance机会,way方法,time时间等:另外，thefirstdhesecond.thelast.theonly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系I、主谓关系的1Wemustfindapersontodothework.2Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.3Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.4Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.5Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.

2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动真关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词注意是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语1Hehasalotofbookstoread.2Iwouldlikeamagazinetolookat.3Hereissomeadviceforyoutofollow.4Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay5Thereisnoonetotakecareof.6Shehasnothingtoworryabout.

3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词IPleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.2Letsfindaroomtoputthesethingsin3Ihavenohousetolivein.4Hehasnopentowritewith.5Therearefivepairstochoosefrom.

4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词11havenotimetogotothemovie.2There,snoneedtosendforadoctor.3Wheresthebestplacetomeet4Isthatthewaytodoit5Imnotsureabouthisabilitytocompletethetaskalone.练习

1.Hehasnofrienddependon.

2.Heisnotthekindofmandosuchthings.

3.Ihavealotofworkffinishtoday.

4.Thereisagoodrulegoby.

5.Thankyouforgivingmethechancemakethespeech.

6.Sheisalwaysthefirstanswerquestions.

7.Canyoufindaproperperson[finishthisjobintime动词的・ing形式做定语动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语如

1.Heisanattackingplayer.他是一个攻击型的运动员

2.Heaskedanembarrassingqueslion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题

3.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤

4.Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty你知道来参加晚会的人数吗注意当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句如

1.Ayoungmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.—*Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告

2.Thegirlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.—►Thegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即1）说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途如

1.Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里

2.Hemaybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.他说不定在阅览室里

3.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待2）与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作如

1.Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大约二白个孩子在这所艺术学校学习

2.WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？练习

1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe.A.20dollarsremained B.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.

2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.A.covcring B.covered C.covcrD.tocover

1.1wastoldhattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom

4.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed

5.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged

6.一Whoisthemantotheteacher---Amodelworkerourschool.A.talks,visitsB.istalking;isvisitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited

7.Theflowerssweetinthegardenattractthevisitorsothebeautyofnature.A.osmellB.smcllingC.smcltD.tobesmelt

8.Therearcafewboys swimintheriver.

9.Thereisacarwaitoutside.

10..Peoplewaittorthebusoftenshelteredinmydoorway.

11.Theboysitbehindmeismybrother.

12.Thegirlswiminthepoolismydaughter过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.

1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义.a被动意义:anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarcnowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.b:完成意义aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院T里的落叶.

2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten=thathaseverbeenwritten.这将是这类小说中写得最好的.Thepeoplecaught=whowascaughtbythepolicewasathief.被警察抓获的那个人是个贼练习

1.Whowouldyoulikeoseeatthemoment----ThemanJohn.A.calledhimB.wecallhimCcallingD.called

2.TheglasscupwasbyJohn.A.breaking;brokenB.breaking;breakingC.broken,brokenD.broken;breaking

3.Englishisdifferentfrom Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,write

4.Pricesofgoods,throughacomputer,canbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying

5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay

6.Thetreesinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown

7.Withleavesintheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling:buryingB.fallen:buriedC.fallen;burying D.falling;buried

8.Sheaskediftherewasanythingfortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning

9.1smellsomethinginthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminuteA.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt

10.Hefeltveryafterfinishinghiswork.AexcitedBexcitingCexciteDbadly。