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英语部分倒装用法归纳
1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中,never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,no longer,nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装I shallnever forgivehim./Never shallI forgivehim.我永远不会宽恕他He seldomgoes out for dinner./Seldom doeshe gooutfordinner.彳也彳艮少出去吃饭She hardlyhas time to listento music./Hardly does she havetimetolisten tomusic.她几乎没时间听音乐He littlerealizes how important this meeting is./Little doeshe realize howimportant thismeeting is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性We hadno soonerreached the airport than the plane took off./No soonerhad wereachedtheairportthanthe planetookoff.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了【注意】1对于not…until句型,当not untiL..位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序He didntleave theroom untilthe rainstopped./Not untilthe rainstopped did heleave theroom.雨停了之后他才离开这房间2某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装On noaccounts mustthis switchbe touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的In[Under]no circumstanceswill Ilend moneyto him,无论如何我也不会A.so doesJohn B.John doestooC.John doesnttoo D.nor doesJohn⑵注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别如“It wascold yesterday.^^“So itwas.”“昨天很冷””的确很冷”请看考题(答案分别为CD)
1.一Maggie hada wonderfultime atthe party.—,and so did I.A.So she had B.So had she C.So shedid D.So did she
2.—Father,you promised!—Well,.But itwas youwho didntkeep yourwordfirst.A.so was I B.sodid I C.so I was D.so I did倒装句中的主谓一致在“副词here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定如On thewall hangtwo maps.墙上挂着两张地图On thewall hangs a worldof m叩.墙上挂着一张世界地图Here isyour coat.这是你的外套Here are your running-shoes.这是你的跑鞋Such isthe result.结果就是这样Such are the results.这就是结果副词后的倒装here和there之后以及诸如back,down,off,up等一类的副词小品词之后,名词主语一般置于谓语之后这类副词常与诸如come和go等转移动词一起连用如Here comesa taxi!There goesthe lasttrain!有辆出租车来了!最后一班火车开走了!(注意这里不可用进行时)Down camethe rainand upwent theumbrellas.下雨了,伞都撑了起来当我们给人东西或确定位置时,这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)如Here9sacup oftea foryou.给你一杯茶(给东西)Here^your letters.这儿有你的信(给与或指明)There飞(重读)Johnny smith.约翰尼・史密斯在那儿(确定位置)主语如是代词则不倒装如Here itcomes.它来了There shegoes.她走了Up itwent.它上去了Here youare.给你There sheis.她在那儿地点状语后的倒装地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词(如lie,live,sit,stand)或转移的动词(如come,go,rise),用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后这种情形主要出现在描写文中如At thetop ofthe hillstood thetiny chapel.那座小教堂矗立在山顶上In thefields ofpoppies laythe dyingsoldiers.罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装In thedistance couldbe seenthe purplemountains.远处可以见到紫色的山主语如是代词则不能倒装At thetop ofthe hillit stoodout against the sky.它背衬青天矗立在山顶上否定副词之后的倒装否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词,如never,rarely,seldom),或是具有否定作用的副词,如little,on noaccount等如Never/Seldom hasthere beenso muchprotest againstthe Bomb.这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未/很少/有过Little doeshe realizehowimportant thismeeting is.他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了On noaccount mustyou acceptany moneyif heoffers it.他如要给你钱,你可绝不能接受当这种副词不在句首时,当然应该用正常词序There hasnever/seldom beenso muchprotest againstthe Bomb.从未/很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动He littlerealizes howimportantthismeetingis.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性另外,有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时,其后也要用倒装如:In nocase shouldyou giveup.你绝不能放弃On nocondition shouldwe tellher aboutit.我们绝不能把此事告诉她On noaccounts mustthis switchbe touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的In[Under]no circumstanceswill Ilend moneyto him,无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了Under nocircumstances shouldyou lendhim anymoney.你无论如何者B不该把钱借给他No waywill Igo onworking forthat man.我不再给那个人工作了涉及…的部分倒装not only...but akonot only...but also…前后连接两个句子时,not only后的句子要用部分倒装,但but also后的分句不用倒装如Not onlydid hecome,but hesaw her.他不仅来了,而且还见到了她Not onlydoesshespeak Spanish,but shealso knowshow totype.她不但会说西班牙语,还会打字呢Not onlyis hea teacher,but heis alsoa poet.他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人Not onlydid hespeak morecorrectly,but hespoke moreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了Not onlydid theypresent amusical performance,but theyalso gavea briefintroductionto thehistory ofWestern brassinstruments,他们不但做了音乐表演,而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史类似的部分倒装So/Neither do Iso/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,其句型是so/neither/nor+特殊词+主语使句此句型需注意以下几点
①内容是肯定时,用so,内容是否定时,;用neither或nor
②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同,或根据;前句的时态,用do,does,did
③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致;
④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式如You areyoung andso amL你年轻,我也年轻She likesmusic andso doI.她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢If hecan do it so can L要是他能做此事,我也能You aren,t young and neither am I.彳尔不年轻,我也不年轻She hasn^read itand norhave I.她没有读它,我也没有读涉及的部分倒装so...that在so...that…结构中,若将so+adj./adv.置于句首,则其后的主句要用部分倒装如So coldwas theweather thatwe hadto stayat home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里So muchdid theyeat thatthey couldnot movefor thenext hour.他们吃得太多了,一个小时都动弹不得So loudlydid hespeak thateven peoplein thenext roomcould hearhim.他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见So fastdoes lighttravel thatwe canhardly imagineits speed.光速彳艮,快,我们几乎没法像它的速度So suddenwas theattack thatwe hadno timeto escape.袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑类似地,当such…that...结构的such...置于句首时,such后的句子也要使用部分倒装如Such anice mandid heseem thatwe allbelieve him.他像个很和蔼的人,所以我们都喜欢他表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装如By thedoor stoodan armedguard.门口站着一名手持武器的士兵At thenext tablewas apretty girlwaiting forsomeone.6用壁桌上坐着——个等人的漂亮姑娘Among thesepeople was his friendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中By thewindow sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志At thefront ofthe bookis atable ofcontents,giving detailsof whatis in the book.书的前部有目录,详列了书中的内容引导让步状语从句时的倒装asas作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面此时应注意几点一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词,要省略不定冠词;二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词),与之连用的通常是may,might,will,would等,且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后);三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装如Tired asIwas,I triedto helpthem.虽然我很累,我还是努力帮助他们Try ashe would,he couldn^open thedoor.他试过多次了,却仍打不开那门Search asthey would,they wouldfind nobodyinthehouse.无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人Hard asthough theytried,they couldntmake herchange hermind.尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意Boy ashe was,he behavedlike agirl.他虽是个男孩,但举止却像个女孩非谓语动词置于句首的倒装有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装如Buried inthe sandswas anancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中Standing besidethe tablewas hiswife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子To becarefully consideredare thefollowing questions.下列问题要仔细考虑再借钱给他了但是,innotime(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序In no time heworked outthe problem.他马上就算出了那道题
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序Only thendidhe realizethat hewas wrong,到那时他才意识到他错了Only inthis wayare youable to doit well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好Only whenhe returnedhome didhe realizewhat hadhappened.当他回至家里时,才知道出了什么事
3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装So coldwas theweather thatwe hadto stayat home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里So fastdoes lighttravel thatwe canhardly imagineits speed.光速彳艮,快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度So suddenwas theattack thatwe hadno timeto escape.袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑
4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构You areyoung andso amI.你年轻,我也年轻She likesmusic andso doI,她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢If hecan doit,so canI.要是他能做此事,我也能【注意】1若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或norYou areiftyoung andne汕eramI.你不年轻,我也不年轻She hasntread itand norhave I.她没有读它,我也没有读2注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别It wascold yesterday.nSo itwas.“昨天很冷”的确很冷”“Father,you promised.”“Well,sol did.”“爸爸,你答应过的”“嗯,是答应过”
5.由not only...but also弓I出的倒装当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时,notonly后的句子通常用部分倒装形式Not onlyis hea teacher,but heis alsoa poet.他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人Not onlydidhespeak morecorrectly,but hespoke moreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了
6.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were,should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were,should等移到主语前,构成倒装句Had youcome yesterday,you wouldhave seenhim.若你昨天来,你就会见到他了Should yourequire anythinggive mea ring.如果需要什么,可以给我打电话Were itnot fbryour help,I wouldstill behomeless.要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词Had Imoney,I wouldbuy it.假若我有钱,我就会买它完全倒装的四种主要类型
1.here和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词Heres Tom.汤姆在这里Theres Jim.吉姆在那儿Here comesthe bus.公共汽车来了There goesthe bell.铃响了There goesthe lasttrain.最后一班火车开走了【注意】⑴以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说Here iscoming thebus2若主语为代词,则不倒装Here Iam.我在这儿/我来了Here itcomes.它来了3其中的动词有时也可能是stand,lie,live等表示状态的动词表示存在There stooda deskagainstthewall.靠墙放着一张书桌Once upona timethere liveda manknown bythe nameof Beef.从前有个人名叫比夫
2.away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词Away went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了Round andround flewtheplane.飞机盘旋着The dooropened andin cameMr Smith.门开了,史密斯先生进了来Down camethe rainand upwenttheumbrellas.下雨了,伞都撑起来了【注意】若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装Away hewent.他跑远了Down itcame.它掉了下来
3.状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装Among thesepeople washis friendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中By thewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致比较In thebox wasa cat.箱子里是一只猫In thebox weresome cats.箱子里是一些猫
4.分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装Buried inthe sandswas anancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中Standing besidethe tablewashiswife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子To becarefully consideredarethefollowing questions.下列问题要仔细考虑O涉及的倒装及考题分析only按英语习惯同,当“only+状语”位于句首时,其后句子要用部分倒装如:Only thendidhe realizethat hewas wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了Only inthis wayareyouable todoitwell.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好Only inthis waycan ourhonour besaved.只有这样,才能保住我们的荣誉Only thendid Iunderstand whatshe meant.只有到那时我才明白她的意思Only afterher deathwasIabletoappreciate her.只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值Only whenhe returnedhome didhe realizewhat hadhappened.当他回至U家里时,才知道出了什么事Only inthis waycan welearn English.只有这样才能学会英语The pilotreassured thepassengers.Only thendid Irealizehowdangerous thesituationhad been.飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险Only byshouting washe ableto makehimself heard.他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他Only whenwe landeddid wesee howbadly theplane hadbeen damaged.我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度Only onone pointdoIagree withyou.只有一点,我同意你的说法【典型考题】(答案分别为DC)
1.Only thenhow muchdamage hadbeen caused.A.she realizedB.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealized D.didsherealize
2.Only aftermy friendcame.A.did the computer repairedB.be repairedthe computerC.was thecomputer repairedD.thecomputerwas repaired特别说明有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装,而是倒过来,利用给定的倒装结构来考查对nly的选择如下面一题(答案选A)by keepingdown costswill PowerData holdits advantageover othercompanies.A.Only B.Just C.Still D.Yet涉及副词的两类常考倒装SO这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形
1.当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装如So coldwas theweather thatwe hadto stayat home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里So fastdoes lighttravel thatwe canhardly imagineits speed.光速彳艮,快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度So suddenwas theattack thatwe hadnotimeto escape.袭击来得TE常突然,我们来不及逃跑
2.当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构如You areyoung andso amI.你年轻,我也年轻She likesmusic andso doI.她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢If hecan doit,socanI.要是他能做此事,我也能【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)
1.So difficultit towork outthe problemthat Idecided toaskTom fbradvice.A.Ididfind B.didIfind C.I havefound D.have Ifound
2.about wildplants thatthey decidedto makea tripto Madagascarfor furtherresearch.A.so curiousthe couplewas B.So curiouswere the coupleC.How curiousthecouplewere D.The couplewas suchcurious
3.——Its burninghot today,isnt it——Yes.yesterday.A.So wasit B.So itwas C.So itis D.So isit特别说明
(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor如You aren^youngandneither amI.你不年轻,我也不年轻She hasn^read itand norhave L她没有读它,我也没有读请看考题(答案选D)Mary neverdoes anyreading inthe evening,.。
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