虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示

一、虚拟条件句条件句有两类一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气If you dont workhard,you willfail.If itis finetomorrow,we willgo for a picnic.如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设would/could/might/should havehad donedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时（wasf were）would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时（was-*were）;would/could/might/should doshould do;were to do.与现在事实相反的虚拟1What wouldyoudoif youwon thelotteryIf Iwere you,I wouldseize thechance to go abroad.If I had alot ofmoney now,I wouldtravel aroundthe world..与过去事实相反的虚拟2If youhad beenhere yesterday,you would have seenher.If hehad drivenmore carefully,he would not have had the car accidentyesterday.与将来事实相反的虚拟

3.If itwere torain/should rain/rained tomorrow,our planwould be put off.If wewere topicnic,we would not beable tohelp.

二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假

1.If I had seenyou,I wouldnot be so worriednow设）（从句是

2.If youhad notwatched televisionso latelast night,you wouldnot beso sleepynow.对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）（从句是对过去的假设,主

3.Had youfollowed the doctors suggestion,you would be finenow.句是对现在的假设）（从句是对过去的

4.If I had madesome moneylast summer,I wouldgo onholiday nextmonth.假设，主句是对将来的假设）（从句是对过

5.You didntlet medrive.If wehad drivenin turns,you wouldntbeso tired now.去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）.从句是对现在的假设，主句是对

6.If Iwere yourmother,I wouldlet yougo outthis weekend将来的假设

三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气因为有时假设的情况并不是以引导的if条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with,without,如果…将如何等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从but for,otherwise,or,even,in caseof,what if句考试时多数情况是对过去的假设过去But for your encouragement,I wouldnot havebeen admittedto thisuniversity.Without现在water,all liveswould die.过去He felttoo tiredyesterday,or hewould haveattended myparty.过去I washaving ameeting,otherwise I would havecome tosee youoff.

四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气含有的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从should+V句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句记忆口诀一个坚持insist,两个命令三个建议四个要求order,command,suggest,advise,recommend,ask,require,demand,requesto宾语从句的虚拟语气

1.He insisted that themeeting beput off.The generalordered thatall the soldiers shouldleave.He givesorders that the soldiersshould leave.表语从句的虚拟语气

2.My suggestionis that we shouldstay hereforarest.同位语从句的虚拟语气

3.There isno suggestionthat she should resign.

4.主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况Ifs+p.p+that；Ifs+adj.+that；It s+n.+that常用的动词recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest,command常用的形容词important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential常用的名词duty,pity,no surpise,no wonder,shame,regret其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思It simportant that you shouldtake themedicine.It sa pitythatyoushould refusethe invitation.It sessential that we shouldlearn someknowledge aboutfist aid.It sdemanded thatall thestudents should go tothe playground.It wassuggested that heshouldjoin theclub activities.为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以为形式宾语的复合宾语

5.It it从句,后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词,常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词it Iconsiderit vitalthatheshould thinkdeeply beforeacting.We thinkit necessary that themeeting should beput off.某些词语如等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，

6.suggest,insist什么时候不用虚拟语气Her smilesuggested that she was in favorof theplan.We insistedthat whatthe boydid waswrong.五.虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况

1.would rather,It stime...,for fearthat...在使用时要注意它的不同用法因为本身可以直接接动词原形,would ratherwould rather构成（）或者而虚拟would ratherdo sth.than do sth.else;would dosth.rather thandosth.else.语气的是这样使用的（对现在或将来的假设）/（对would ratherwould rathersb.did had done过去的假设）I wouldrather hedidn,t gonow.They wouldrather theyhadn tattended theparty.（）（）（）…从句中常用过去式（有时也用）含建议It sabout high time that shoulddo,的意思汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It stime forsb.todosth.（）It shigh time thatwewent home.（）It shigh timethatweshouldgohome.It shightimefor ustogohome.后面可以接虚拟语气也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词for fearthatshoulddo,I willnot makea noisefor fearthat Ishould/might disturdyou.这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似IL wish+clause;as if/though+clause;If only后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种（对现在的虚wish wish sb.did拟）；（对过去的虚拟）；（对将来的虚拟）.偶尔在对过去wish sb.haddonewish sb.would do的虚拟时，也会出现的情况wishsb.would have doneI wish I knewwhat wasgoing tohappen.She wishedshe hadstayed athome.I wishI would have seenher last night★此时要注意表示语气很强时用其用法同上如果要用依然换How sb.Wish+clause,was成were.How IwishIwere abird.出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况主句引导的状语从句；as if/though+as if/though seem/弓|导的表语从句look/smell+as if/though主句引导的状语从句主句主语（对现在的假设）；+as if/though+as if/though++did/were主句主语（对将来的假设）；主句主语+asithough++could/would do+as if/though++haddone（对过去的假设）等的从句情况基本上和上面一致seem/look/smellShe talksas ifshe kneweverything.He behavedas ifnothing hadhappened.注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望形式为用过去式或者If onlywould/could do,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望If onlyhe werehere!If onlyyou wouldlisten toour advise!If onlyIhadnot beenbusy lastweek!★If only也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如If onlyIhadmore money,I couldbuy acar!

六、虚拟语气测试题用所给单词的适当形式填空I.l.If youfollowthe doctor,yoube allright now.

2.If wedrivethecarby turns,younot besotirednow.

3.If Ibeyou,I notmiss thatopportunity.

4.If theystartin theearly morning,theyarrive soon

5.1f youtake an umbrella,younot bewet now.

6.Without water,therebe noliving things.

7.But foryour help,wenot finishthe work.

8.The youngman insistedthat hedonothing wrongandset free.

9.Had youlistened tothe doctor,yoube allright now.

10.look atthe terriblesituation I am in.If onlyIfollow youradvice..单项选择IL

1.If Ihad enoughtime,I itbetter nexttime.A.will doB.havedoneC.did D.would do

2.If mycar morereliable,I wouldhave drivento Lhasainstead offlying lastsummer.A.was B.had been C.should beD.would be

3.How Iwish everyfamily alarge housewith abeautiful garden.A.had B.have hadC.will haveD.had had

4.Sorry,Iamtoo busynow・If Itime,I wouldcertainly gofor anouting withyou•A.had B.havehadC.had hadD.have

1.1through thatbitter periodwithout yourgenerous help.A.wouldnt havegone B.didnt goC.wouldnt goD.hadnt gone

6.---He will come tomorrow.-But Idrather he the dayafter tomorrow.A.willcomeB.is comingC.came D.had come

7.What wouldhave happened,as faras theriver bankA.Bob hadwalked fartherB.if Bobshould walked farther C.had BobwalkedfartherD.if Bobwalkedfarther

8.The weatherturned outto befine yesterday・I thetrouble tocarry myumbrellawith me.A.should havetaken B.could havetakenC.mustnt havetaken D.neednt havetaken

9.You muchbetter nowif youhad takenthe doctorsadvice.A.would beB.wouldhavebeenC.will beD.should be

10.myself tomy study,I would be sittingin acomfortable tableoffice now・A.If Idevoted B.Should Idevote C.Would Idevote D.Had Idevoted

11.it raintomorrow,we wouldhave toputoffthe visitto ZhonshanBridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will

12.If hemy advice,he wouldnthave losthis job.A.followed B.should followC.had followedD.would follow

13.no airor water,there wouldbe nolife in the world・A.Were thereB.There areC.There wasD.Is there

14.Its hightimethatyour daughterto school.A.wouldbesent B.must besent C.shouldbesent D.is sent

15.It isnecessarythatthese exercisebooks assoon aspossible.A.are handed in B.wouldbehanded inC.will behandedinD.behanded in

16.Mr.Green requiresthatthestudents acomposition everyother week.A.write B.written C.would writeD.will write

17.But forthe helpof myEnglish teacher,I thefirst prizein the English writingcomposition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothave wonC.would winD.wouldhavewon

18.Brown hadintended totakeajob inbusiness,but thatplan afterthe unpleasantexperiencein Americain

2011.A.had abandonedB.has abandonedC.abandoned D.will abandon根据汉语提示，用括号中的单词完成句子III.要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不那样受罪了

1.If hehad lainquietly asthedoctorinstructed,hesomuch now.suffer.现在已经点了，难道你不认为我们该回家了吗？212Its already12oclock now,Dont youthink itsabout timewe homego我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完成作业了

3.Ihada badcold yesterday,otherwise,I myhomework.finish.要不是因为英语考试，我上周日就会去听音乐会4But fortheEnglishexamination,I tothe concertlastnightgo要不是因为她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参加聚会了

5.If itthe factthatshecant sing.I myhomework.be即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变

6.If thesun wereto riseinthewest,my loveforyou・change仔细想想，的医生坚持认为他伤得很重，坚决要求他立刻动手术

7.MichelAfter carefulexamination,MicheFs doctorinsistedthathe badlywounded andthat heonat once.operate如果不是空气吸收了太阳的部分热量，夜晚地球会非常冷，不适合我们居住

8.Without theair holdsome ofthe sunsheat,the earthat nightfor usto liveon.too我宁愿你明天去买书

9.Iwouldrather youto buybooks tomorrow,go.他谈起来好像他已经知道了这个秘密10He talkedas ifhethesecret.know。