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情态动词的用法A.can;could;be ableto表示“能力”(此时过去时是)Can
1.could.表示许可、请求,“可以2-Can/Could Igo now表示推测,把握很大,也可表推测,把握比小3could can-Look!Someone iscoming!Who canit be5(不可能)他很快就来-It can t behim.He has gone toParis./He couldbe heresoon.表示感情(惊异/不耐烦)“究竟,到底”(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)4How canyou be so foolish到底那是怎么一回事?What canit possiblybeThey cant be workingat thistime ofday.肯定句中客观存在的可能性“有时会,偶尔”5It canbe quitewindy there,especially inspring..表示能力,的过去式,过去能够Could1can那时候你会说英语吗?Could youspeak Englishthen请求允许(委婉语气)(问句的答语不用而用)
2.could,can,Could[Can]I useyour pen”“Yes,of courseyou can.V No,Tm afraidnot.表示推测可能性(肯,否,疑)
3.今年夏天我们可能要去那儿(将来可能性)We couldgo therethis summer.,你可能是对的,但我并不认为你是对的You couldbe right,but I dont thinkyou are
①对过去推测,可能已经
②本来能够却没做,差点就
4.could have done他不可能在那儿见到她He cant[couldnt]have seenher there.他可能已回家了He could have gonehome..他本来可以告诉她的,但他却没有He could have toldher,but hedidnt chooseto和B.may might.表示允许、许可,提问更委婉1might—May/Might I watch TVafter supper—Yes,you may./Yes,please./Certainly.■一No,you mustnt./No,you maynot./No,you cant./No,youd betternot.表示推测,有“或许”、“可能”的意思把握更小疑问句用
2.might can/could.•He may/might beright./I hearthere maybe afew copiesleft.()•He may/might cometoday tomorrow.表示祝愿,侄装主语+动词原形
3.may UMay+May yousucceed!/May you all behappy.☆…意为“不妨”、“还是…为好”等,用比用语气更委婉may[might]as wellmight may如我已准备好,因此不妨现在就走Im ready,so Imight as well go now.Theres nothingto do,so Imay[might]as wellgo to bed.☆完全可能may well...C.must,have to表示“必须,否定式表示“不可以”、“不准”、噤止”等Must
1.mustnt}Everybody mustobey therules../You mustnt lendit toothers.ffou mustntspeak like that toyourmother.☆在回答有的询问时,---“must”Must Igo now—Yes,you must.—No,vou neednt•/No,vou dont have to.表示推测(“一定”、“必定)表肯定的推测,其否定的推测用表示“不可能”
2.must cantYou must behungry afterthe longwalk./It cantbe Jim,for hehasgoneto Beijing.The Chineselanguage must have thelarge numberof speakers.表示说话人不耐烦的态度,“干嘛偏要”
3.must☆表示对过去事物的肯定推测“一定做过…”must+have+done,他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了He must have toldmy parentsabout it.☆表示推测时,其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化如must■It must be niceto takea walkhere,isnt it■Tom buysa lotof apples,he mustlike eatingthem,doesnt he的反意疑问句有三种情况Must have done
①从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时.■The groundis wet,it must have rainedlast night,didnt it
②从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时.■By theend oflast term,we must have learnt2000words,hadnt we
③若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时()■We musthave beenmet somewherebefore,havent we☆表示“必须”“有必要”时,反义疑问句部分用或?must mustnt…neednt…Youmustgo homeright now,neednt you☆用否定形式时,附加疑问句部分用或must mustntmay must...You mustntcheat in the examination,must yon表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦.意为“偏要”.
3.-you makeso muchnoise川-Sorry,Iwtake carenot to.A MustB CanC MayD Would和的区别
4.musthavetoD.ought to/should/shall用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时,常译作“应该”、“应当”(和Ouqht toought toshould差不多,只是语气较强),有时表示非常可能的事情•There ought not to be muchnoise ina hospital.•---Ought heto go-Yes,he ought to.•If sheis completelywell,she ought to beback atschool today.指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做ought to have done表示一件不该做的事情却做了oughtnot to have done.用于表示劝告和建议,“应该表示自己的主观看法,语气比弱should1ought to☆指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做should+have done表示一件不该做的事情却做了should not+have done—Who didit soundlike Anybodyyou know—Well,perhaps Jeff.I should have askedwho wascalling beforehe hungit up..表推测,“按道理,按常理应该”2They should have arrivedby twoo clock..表示惊讶,赞叹,不满,责备“竟然”3I amsorry thatyou shoulddo such a thing.用于引导的虚拟条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性小,但也不是完全不可能有“万一”
4.if的意思Should Ibe freetomorrow,TH come.Ask Tomto ringme upif youshould seehim.shall作为情态动词,用于第
二、第三人称,陈述句,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告”、
1.shall“威胁”、“强制”、“允诺”等意思“必须,应,可以”.(命令)•You shalldo asI say.(允诺)•Tell himthat heshall havethe booktomorrow.(表警告)•You shallbe punishedif youbreak thelaw.用于第
一、第三人称,在疑问句中,用来征询对方意见”……好吗?”“要不要?”
2.shall情态动词+VI have done
1、must havedone,“一定做过/一定已经・・.”,表示对过去情况极大把握地推测,仅用于肯定句、也许做过某事(推测);本来可以做某事却没做2may/might have done、为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能,一定没做过某事”3cant have done couldhave本来可以做某事却没做done表示不必要做某事,但做了”,而则表示不必做(也没做)”
4.neednt havedone needntdo、表示本来应当做的却没做”
5.ought to/shouldhavedone本来不应该做某事却做了oughtnt/shouldnt havedone、用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气6would/could/might/should+havedone、表示”当时宁愿做了某事”,否定形式:7would ratherhavedonewould rathernot havedonee.g.If Ihad beenfree thatday,I would have gonewith you.、表示本想做某事”而实际上未做9would like/love tohavedone一.情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气在这两个方面must等情态/mustnt;can/cant;need/neednt;may/maynt;might/mightnt;should/shouldnt;ought动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的表示已经发生的情况
1.)过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……如1musthave+My painapparent themoment Iwalked intothe room,for thefirst manI metasked sympatheticallyAreyou feelingall right”[A]mustbe[B]had been[C]musthave been[D]had tobe(答案为)C)99过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……2can t/couldn thave+二如Mary myletter;otherwise shewouldhavereplied beforenow.[A]couldnt have received[B]ought tohavereceived[C]has received[D]shouldnt havereceived(答案为)A)+过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实3may/might have上根本没发生,译为“也许……如At FloridaPowers CrystalRiver plant,a potentiallyserious leakageof radioactivewater may havebeen unknowinglycaused byan electrician.表示虚拟语气
2.过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于”,译为“其实1neednt have+didnt need to do”没必要……”如You neednt have comeover yourself.As itturned out tobea smallhouse party,we soformally.[A]neednt dressup[B]did notneed havedressed up[C]did notneed dressup[D]neednthavedressed up没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为D2shouldhave+过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该.......shouldnot+过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……二如haveI regrethaving leftthe workunfinished;I shouldhave plannedeverything aheadcarefully.我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……”,与3ought tohave+的完成式含义类似如shouldThe porterought tohave calledthe fire-brigade assoon ashe sawthe fireinthestock,which wentupin smoke+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……这点与4couldhave过去分词用法相似如ought/should/have+What yousaid isright,but youcouldhavephrased itmore tactfully.过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为“那样也许会……二如5may/might have+It mighthavebeenbetter toinclude morepunchy statisticsand photosof equipment in theintroductionto furtherassist first-time officeautomation managers.二.几个情态动词常考的句型不妨,最好”,与相近;
1.want,require,worth doingYourhair wantscuttingThe bookis worthreadingThe floorrequires washing.既可以用也可以使用两种形式都表达被动的意义
2.need needtobedone needdoing,The houseneeds paintingsthe houseneeds tobe painted.The watchneeded repairing=the watchneeded tobe repaired
四、情态动词考点推测性情态动词用法
1.(可许,可能),(可许,可能),(一定,必定),(或许,may might must can可能)均有推测性用法,其中可能性最小,可能性最大mightmustmay,might,must常用于肯定句,用于否定句可表示“可能不,常用于否定句和疑问may,might can句,用于否定句表示不可能例句一一Can theman standingthere beOUY physicsteacher——No.he can,tbeour physicsteacher.-------站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗?-------不,不可能——W illshe buyyouabirthday present她会给你买生日礼物吗一一・She maynot.but Im noso surf~——可能不会,但我不太有把握的用法
2.should常表示“应该”,但可置于句首用于条件状语从句省去表示万一,should if,还可表示“竟然”彳列句Should you see thethief,try tocatch him.如果你见到小偷,尽量捉住他I can,t imaginesuchabeautiful girlshould beso lazy.我无法想像这样一个漂亮的女孩竟如此懒惰的完成
3.may,must,should shouldn,t,ought tooughtn,tto.needn^t式用法表示“可能已经做了某事,表示“一定已经mayhavedone musthavedone做了某事,表示“不可能已经做了某事,canthavedoneshould/oughttohave表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做,表done shouldn,t/oughtn ttohavedone示本来不应该做某事但实际已做,表示“本来没有必要做某事needn,thavedone但实际已做”例句Our Chineseteacher isntinher office,so shemay/might/must havegonehome.我们的语文老师不在办公室,所以她可能/一定回家了I sawhis bookjust now,so hecan,thavelost it.我刚才还见到了他的书,所以他不可能弄丢了这本书You failedthe examagain.SO youshould/oughttohave preparedfor it.你考试又失败了,所以你本来是应该为此做好准备的There aremany mistakesin yourarticle,SO youshouldn t/oughtn thave beensocareless.你的文章中有许多错误,所以你本来是不应该这么粗心的The examturn edouttobesoeasy,so youneedn,thaveworried aboutit.这次考试结果证明这么容易,所以你本来是没有必要为此而担心的Where shallI waitfor you/Shall hecome atonce/Shall westart themeeting now.在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,用于第三人称3stThe newregulation shalltake effecton June
1.和E.will would)表示“意志”、“决心、“意愿”,可用于多种人称川指现在,指过去1w would•I willtell youall aboutit./He wontgo.()表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求,在疑问句中用语第二人称时,委婉语气2would.•Im goingto goshopping afterschool.Will yougo withme•Will/would youplease give him amessage whenyouseehim⑶表示习惯动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的意思过去式wouldHell talkfor hoursif yougivehimthe chance.⑷表示功能,“能”The doorwont open./The carwont start.()用于叙述真理,客观规律时“会”5willOil willfloat onwater./Fish willdie withoutwater.和F.need dare表示需要”、“必须”通常用在否定句或疑问句中
1.need•He needntpay forit.-Need yougonow—Yes,I must.—No,I neednt.表示“敢工通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和引出的宾语从句中
2.dare if/whether•How dareyou sayIm unfair•She darenot doso.•He askedme ifI daredspeak Englishin public.☆和也可用作行为动词,变化与一般动词相同need dare•She didntneedto go.()•—Who darestogo--Idontdare togo.☆…作插入语,我想,大概,可能,或许I daresay☆表示过去做了没必要做的事情“neednt+havedone这件事情你不必太认真You neednthave takenit seriously.最好”Q hadbetter—We hadbetter gonow.()—Yes,we hadwed better/we hadbetter.()Hadn**t we better stopnow Hadwebetternot stopnow(用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)I thinkId betterbe going.(用于完成时态,表未完成动作)You hadbetter havedone that.。
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