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语法专项复习一一一般现在时
1.一般现在时的含义⑴表达现在的状态⑵表达经常或习惯性的动作⑶表达主语具有的性格和能力一般现在时的谓语构成
2.1动词be肯定式I am...否认式I amnot...You/We/They are...You/We/They arent...She/He/lt is...She/He/lt isnt...疑问式和简略回答Am I...Yes,you are.No,you arent.Are you...Yes,I am/we are.No,I amnot/we aren/t.Are we/they...Yes,we/they are.No,we/they arent.⑵动词do肯定式动词原形+其他成分l/We/You/They+She/He/lt+动词第三人称单数形式+其他成分否认式，动词原形+其他成分l/We/You/They dont+动词原形+其他成分She/He/lt doesnt+疑问式和简略回答Do l/you/we/they+动词原形+其他成分Yes,l/you/we/they do.No,l/you/we/they dont.Does she/he/it+动词原形+其他成分Yes,she/he/it does.No,she/he/it doesnt.⑶一般现在时第三人称单数的构成规则变化一般情况下直接+s work-works ask-asks see-sees以结尾s,x,ch,sh,o+es watch-watches go-goes do-does wash-washes—How longis theriver—Its metres.A.about three hundreds andseventeen.B.about three hundred seventeen.C.about three hundred andseventeen.D.about three hundreds seventeen.基数词的用法从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语等他们四个人去了工厂（主语）Four of them wentto thefactory..我要两个（宾语）I wanttwoMy classmateis eighteen.我的同学十八岁（表语）1）编号的事物用基数词Today weare goingto studyLesson Six.今天我们要学习第6课他住在房间He livesin Room
801.801a用No.No（读Number）后加数字，数字读基数词如No.l NumberOne,No.3bus NumberThree busb用基数词词序为名词（词首字母大写）+基数词（如用英语拼写，词首字母也要大写）如LessonOne,Class Four,World WarTwo此种方法较常见,特别是当数字较长时如Room306,No.106Middle SchooL注意编号也可以用序数词词序为the+序数词+名词如the firstlesson,the SecondWorld War例题3Jim isin MiddleSchool.A.No.7th B.7th C.7No.D.No.7例题4I thinklesson isthe mostdifficult inthis book.）表达〃年，月，日〃时可以用基数词.我生于年A.five B.the fifthC.fifth D.the five2I was born in19711971His sisterwasborn.A.in1998,Octorber21B.on1998,Octorber21C.in Octorber21,1998D.on Octorber21,19983）表达〃几点钟，几点过几分〃用基数词IK twooclock.现在是二点钟Its fivefifteen.现在5点15分例题6（）What timeis itIts2:
40.A.forty pasttwo B.two pastfourC.twenty tothree D.twenty totwo例题7He stayshere for.A.two and half hoursB.two hoursandhalfC.two hoursand ahalf D.two-half hours4）用于加减乘除的数字用基数词One plustwo isthree.一加二等于三5）表达大几倍或者小几倍用基数词Five timessix isthirty.五乘以六得三十6）表达百分数用基数词Thirty percentof themis water.它们当中有30%的水7）表达分数时，分子数字用基数词，但分母要用序数词，如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式One-third of the booksare mine.三分之一的书是我的Two-fifths of the studentsare girls.五分之二的学生是女生例题（河北）805This is a bigclass,and ofthe studentsare boys.A.two thirdB.second threeC.two-thirds D.two three8）表达有小数的词用基数词
5.5five pointfive汪意1）用复数形式修饰名词使用Of+名词复数hundreds of数以百计thousands of数以千计tens ofthousands of数以万计several millions of好几百万数以百计的年轻人喜欢音乐Hundreds ofyoung peoplelike music.但表达确切的百或千时不能用复数形式,如five hundredten thousandthree million例题9We havefive studentsin our school.A.hundred ofB.hundreds ofC.hundred D.hundreds例题10There arepeople in the zooon ChildrensDay.A.one hundredsB.two hundreds ofC.hundredsofD.hundred）表达时间距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语2five minuteswalk步行五分钟的路程Its half an hours walk frommy hometo theschool.从我家到学校是步行半小时的路程例题11Its about.A.half hourswalk B.half hourwalkC.half hourswalk D.halfanhourswalk3）由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数，名词性短语各部分用-连接Its afive-minute walkfrom the classroom to the library.从教室到图书馆需走5分钟他是一个十六岁男孩He is a sixteen-year-old boy.例题12Henry isa schoolboyA.12years B,12years oldC.12-year-old D.12-years-old例题13The schoolboyis.序数词表达数目顺序的词用序数词例如A.12years B.12years oldC.12-year-old D.12year oldfirst第一,second第二，third第三,fourth第四，fifth第五，sixth第六,seventh第七，eighth第八，ninth第九,tenth第十，第十一,第十二，第十三，第十第二十，第四eleventh twelfththirteenth nineteenthtwentieth fortieth十,fifty-first第五H,eighty-third第八十三,ninety-fourth第九十四1）序数词1-19除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二变化不规则外，其余均由在基数词后加上・th2）十位整数的序数词的构成方法是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-etho3）几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词如第1—first第2—second第3—third第5—fifth第9—ninth第12—twelfth第20—twentieth序数词的用法序数词重要用作定语，表语前面要加定冠词the但序词前假如有物主代词或名词所有格一般不用the第五课很好学The fifthlesson isvery easyto learn.你是我最相信的人You arethe firstone Ibelieve.例题14I thinkthat thecentury willbring usmore hopes.A.twenty-one B.twentieth-first C.twenty-first D.twentieth-one例题15Tuesday isday ofthe week.A.two B.the secondC.three D.the third例题16September isthe monthoftheyear.She isthe womanto comehere.十二-时间前介词的用法＜一＞at用在具体的某一时间前，即表达几点几分LI getup atsix oclockin themorning.我在上午六点起床.用在（在中午）（在夜里）（在那时）（在圣诞节）等短语中2at noonat nightat thattime atChristmas我们在夜晚出去散步We oftengo outfor awalk at night.＜二＞inL用在某年某月某季某周前in winter在冬天in October在十月in thefirst week在第一周in2023在2023年
3.用来表达〃在白天、上午、上午、下午、晚上〃in theday在白天in themorning在上午in theafternoon在下午in theevening在晚上
4.表达在一段时间之后或之内Hell comeback intwo days.他将在两天后回来＜三＞on用来表达具体的某一天或具体的某个节日
1.在我生那天在五一on mybirthday Hon May1st在周口在教师节on Sundayon TeachersDay用来表达具体某一天的上下午或晚上
2.on Mondaymorning在周一的上午on theevening ofOctober10th在10月10日的晚上＜四＞for表达延续的时间段放学后我打两个小时的排球After classI havevolleyball fortwo hours..格林一家来中国已经两年了The Greenfamily havebeen in China forfour years＜五＞from从.到......The shopopens from8:00a.m.to9:00p.m.这家商店从上午8点到晚上9点营业We go to schoolfrom Mondayto Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学注意名词前假如有this,last,next一般不用介词例题17They haveno classesSaturday andSunday.He goesto bednine every day.A.in B.on C.at D.for例题19I w川finish thework twoweeks.A.for B.on C.in D.at例题20Tom oftengets upsix themorning.A.at,on B,on,in C,at,at D.at,in例题21She likesgo swimmingSunday morning.A.at B.in C.on D.for例题22We wenttothecity avery coldevening.A.at B.inC.on D.for例题23Every eveningI watchTV twohours.A.in B.from C.for D.about语法专项
（四）
（一）冠词种类
1.
（1）不定冠词a/an以辅音音素开头的可数名词前用a:a unit以元音吾素开头的可数名词前用an:an unclean houran egg/an apple/an orange/an eraser/an answer/an IDcard/an alarmclock/an actor/ane-mail/an address/an opera/an houran old man/an interestingbook/an excitingsport/an actionmovie/an artlesson定冠词2the theegg theplane2,定冠词的用法1特指某些人或某些物The ruleris on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物2He hasa sweater.The sweateris new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:3The boysarent at school.在序数词前4Johns birthdayis Februarythe second.⑸世界上独一无二的事物the sunthe moon⑹用于姓氏的复数前，表一家人史密斯一家格林一家the Smithsthe Greens7用于固定词组中in themorning/afternoon/evening3,零冠词的情况1专有名词前:China isa bigcountry.2名词前有定语this,that,my,your,some,any,no This is mybaseball.3复数名词表达一类人和事Monkeys cantswim.They are teachers.4在节日，日期，月份，季节前Today isChristmas Day.Its Sunday.5一日三餐前We havebreakfast at6:
30.球类、棋类运动前6They oftenplay footballafter class.He playschess at home.*但乐器前要用定冠词I play the guitarvery well.7学科名称前:My favoritesubject ismusic.8在称呼或头衔的名词前This isMr.Li.9固定词组中at noonatnightby busgotoschool goto bedat school例题河北106There isapple treein mygarden.Its over10years old.A.the B.a C.an D./例题207河北woman ina purpleskirt isBettys mother.A.The B.A C.An D./There ismin theword mother.A.a B.an C.the D./例题4We oftenhave sportsafter class,I liketo play chess.A.a B.an C.the D./例题5When doesLily goto bedin eveningA.the,the B.a,the C./,the D.the,/例题6His firstname isTom.A.the B.a C.an D./
（二）名词复习例题7There aresome on the floor.A.child B.water C.boxes D.tomatos.（另急）No hurryij There is timeleft.A.little B.few C.a littleD.a few例题8There areand on the table.A.two boxescake;four bottleof orangesB.two boxescake;four bottleof orangeC.two boxesof cakes;four bottlesof orangeD.two boxof cakes;four bottlesof oranges例题9There aremany inourschool.A.woman teachers B.womans teachersC.women teachersD.womens teachers例题10I findmy blackcat inroom.A.Jim andMike B.Jim andMikesC.Jims andMikes D.Jims andMike例题11The schoolisalittle farfrom here.It/s about.A.twenty minutesswalk B.twenty minuteswalkC.twenty minuteswalk D.twenty minuteswalk例题12I have to do.A.lot of homework B.a lotof homeworksC.lots ofhomeworks D.a lotofhomework例题13The runningstar wantsto eathealthy food.（改为复数句）
（三）情态动词情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面加动词原形例题14-Can youspeak Japanese-No,I.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.may not例题15-Listen!Is thatKate playingthe pianoin the room-No.It beKate.She hasgone toLondon.A.may notB.mustnt C.neednt D.cant-Can I（have）some icecream,please-Yes,here youare.She can（learn）a lotabout Chinesehistory.例题17Kate canplaytheviolin well.（改为一般疑问句）Gina canswim andplaychess（对划线部分提问）I thinkhe canplay soccer.（改为否认句）例题（北京）182023-Mom,I playcomputer games-Yes,you can.But youhavetofinish yourhomework first.A.must B.may C.will D.need以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加es try-tries study-studies fly-flies不规则变化have-has练一练
1.给出下列单词的第三人称单数形式play gohurry teachbuy seewashwalk misswatch comesay用所给动词的适当形式完毕短文
2.Its Tedsfirst dayatschoolin Shanghai.The teachertakehim totheclassroom.The studentsaskhim,do youspeakEnglish orChinese”Hesay,“Both.My fatheris anEnglishman andmy motherisaChinese woman/Ted likehisnew classmates.After school,hesay tohis parents,Ilove mynew school,teacher andclassmates.-句子种类1按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句1陈述句Declarative Sentences说明一个事实或陈述见解她在家She isat home.He speaksEnglish.他讲英语2疑问句Interrogative Sentences提出问题有以下四种一般疑问句a.General QuestionsIsthis yourpencil这是你的铅笔吗？特殊疑问句b.W Questions;H QuestionsWheredo youlive你住哪儿你怎么知道那件事？How doyou knowthatc.选择疑问句Alternative QuestionsDo youlike teaor juice你是要茶还是果汁？反意疑问句d.Tag-QuestionsHe knowsher,doesnt he他结识她，对不对？3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）提出请求，建议或发出命令,例如Sit down,please.请坐Lets gohome!让我们回家吧!）感慨句（）表达说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如4ExclamatorySentencesWhat goodnews itis!多好的消息啊!
（2）基本句型（Basic SentencePatterns）英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的1）主+动（SV）例如我工作I work.2）主+动+表（SVP）例如John isa teacher.约翰是教师3）主+动+宾（SVO）例如She studiesEnglish.她学英语）主+动+宾+补（）例如4SVOCWe thinkthe jobeasy.我们认为这个工作简朴5）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）例如My mothermade me a newdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳
（三）单数句变复数句可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式
1.玲It isa box.They areboxes.
2.各个人称代词要由单数形式变为复数形式She isa girl.f They are girls.I amat home.玲We areathome.
3.am或is要变为are.He isa teacher.f They areteachers.
4.指示代词this或that要分别变为these或thoseoThis isa pencil.玲These arepencils.
5.不定冠词a/an要去掉（固定搭配例外）It isa blackcat.f They are blackcats.或做定语修饰可数名词，在整个句子变成复数的情况下也要变成或
6.man womanmen women.She isa womanteacher.-Theyarewomen teachers.注意在单数句变复数句时，普通单数变为复数形式，但当名词修饰名词时，起修饰作用的名词不做变化名词修饰名词常用单数（man,woman除外）This isa appletree.玲These areapple trees.练一练单复数句转换
1.What isher name
2.This quiltis green.
3.Is thata pencil
4.The boxis onthe table.
5.He isa manteacher.
6.Theyarewhite dogs.
7.These areour erasers.语法专项二.教学过程（-）词类.名词表达人或事物名称的词主，表，补，定,同1teacher,book,pen
2.代词代替名词、形容词或数词等we,my,some,this主，表，宾，定，同
3.数词表达数目或顺序two,first,fifth主,表,宾，定，同
4.动词表达动词或状态be,take,look谓语动词to work,working,worked表，宾,补，定，状形容词修饰名词，表达人或事物的性质和特性表，补，定，同
5.good,big,nice,beautiful副词表达动作特性或形状特性修饰动词形容词或其他副词表，状
6.fast,nearly,happily,here
7.冠词用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a,an,the介词表达名词或代词与其他词的关系
8.in,on,under
9.连词连接词与词，短语和短语，句子和句子and,if,but,or感慨词表达说话时的感情或语气
10.oh,hello,hi-名词所有格L名词在句子中表达所有关系，所属关系常用名词所有格两种形式名词词尾加，重要用于有生命的名词1s,Toms motherthe teachersdesk22of+名词,重要用于无生命的名词the walloftheclassroom
3.zs属格的构成方法1单数名词在末尾加勺the boysbackpack thewomans computer2以s或es结尾的名词只在词尾加the boysbackpacks myboss office复数名词后一般只加，不规则的复数名词加勺3the girlsbooks thechildrens soccers表达几个名词各自的所有关系时，名词末尾都加‘4Toms andJacks booksLucys andLilys rooms表达几个名词共有的，应在最后一个词后加勺5Tom andJacks motherLucy andLily/s room6表达时间、距离、重量、国家、城市等无生命的名词后也可以加勺表达其所有关系an houJswalk thecitys parks在表达店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的名词7my uncleshousethe doctorsoffice
4.双重所有格双重所有格即名词所有格〃，表达整体中的一个或部分用于修饰前的名词，此时前面1of+soff的名词一定要有一个aan,two,any,some,no,few,another或this,that,these,those之类的修饰语（这个修饰语一般不能是one和the）双重所有格也可由of+名词性物主代词〃构成，如a friend of mineoDoyou knowany friendsof mybrothersTwo classmatesof mysisters willcome tojoin us.
（2）在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是拟定特指的，并且一般指人anoldfriendof my fathersthis babyof myaunts在表达名词所有格时，勺结构可以转换成结构
5.ofthe girl/s name玲the nameofthegirlmy father/s friend-the friendofmyfathers练一练
1.This ismy dress.That oneis.A.Mary B.Marys C.sister D.mother
2.The womanover thereis mother.A.Julia andSallys B.Julias andSallysC.Julia andSally D.Julias andSally
3.—Excuse me,where areoffices—Over there.A.teachersB.teachers C.the teachersD.the teachers/
（三）代词人称代词
1.人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I mewe us第二人称you第三人称he sheit himher itthey them
2.物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词my yourhis herits ouryour their名词性物主代词Mine yourshis hersits ourshis theirs形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，名词性的物主代词可作主语，宾语或表语其后不加名词Thisismy book.Yours isonthechair.这是我的书,你的在椅子上我们的教室很大，他们的很小Our classroomis big.Theirs issmall.练一练填上或选择适当的代词
1.Thank youvery muchfor help.
2.Mr.White isa goodteacher.We mustlearn from.
3.“Are thesebooks yours”No,are not.TheyareToms.
4.He,Her,Hisname isJack.She,He,His isa teacher.
5.I,My,Mineaunt isa nurse.She,He,Her worksvery hard.
6.My penis red.How abouther;hers,she四句子成分英语句子成分分为七种主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物，回答是〃谁〃或者〃什么〃通常用名词或代词担任如:Km MissGreen.
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态，回答〃做什么重要由动词担任如Jack cleanstheroomeveryday.3,表语在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特性，回答是〃什么〃或者“怎么样〃通常由名词、代词或形容词担任如My nameis PingPing.、宾语表达及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是〃什么〃通常由名词或代词担任4如He canspell theword.有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面如:He wrotemea letter.有时可把介词或加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语to for如He wrotealetterto me.、定语修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任5如Shanghai isa bigcity.
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任如He workshard.（他工作努力）
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当如They usuallykeep theirclassroom cleanHeoften helpsme domy lessons.
（五）句型there be“there be+名词词组〃中，there为虚词，be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语该句式在使用时需注意如下几点
1.there be句式表达〃有〃时，它表达一种存在关系，通常带有一个地点状语，意为什么地方（时候）有……此外，其主语还可以带前置或后置定语例如There isa blackboardin theclassroom.There aretwo oldwomen waitingfor youat thegate.
2、在正式文体中，该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况
（1）该句式中只有一个主语，主语为单数时，be动词用单数；主语若为复数，be动词也用复数
（2）该句式中有几个并列主语，则按就近原则解决，即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致例如1）There isa penonthe desk.）2There arethree applesonthetable.3）Thereisa dictionaryand two pens onthe desk.4）There aretwopensand adictionary onthedesk.
3.there be句型与have的区别:there be句型和have都表达“有〃的含义区别如下there be表达“某处存在某物或某人〃；表达“某人拥有某物/某人〃，它表达所有、拥有关系haveeg
①He hastwo sons.他有两个儿子
②There aretwo menintheoffice.办公室里有两个男人语法专项
（三）
（一）数词数词的定义表达〃多少〃和第几的词，叫数词其用法相称于名词或者形容词数词分为基数词和序数词两种基数词表达数目的词是基数词，最基本的数词如下I one,2two,3three,4four;5five,6six,7seven,8eight,9nine,10ten,II eleven,12twelve,13thirteen,14fourteen,15fifteen,16sixteen,17seventeen,18eighteen,19nineteen,20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,60sixty,70seventy,80eighty,90ninety,100a hundred,1,000a thousand,1,000,000a million,1,000,000,000a/Ilion.基数词是独立单词，需逐个记忆基数词是个位数词的词干后加构成其中1-1213-19-teen thirteen,fifteen,eighteen,变化不规则基数词20—90是在十位数词后面加-ty构成基数词21—99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成，中间加上连字符例如21twenty-oneo基数词三位以上的数词，在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词例如表达and342three hundredand forty-two万”的词英语中没有,如1万可用10千来表达ten thousand.30万可用three hundredthousand来表达【典型例题】例题1There aredays ina year.A.threehundredsand sixty five B.threehundredand sixty-fiveC.threehundredand sixtyfive D.threehundredsixtyfive例题2。
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