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2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语全国卷I第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)ANeed aJob ThisSummer今年夏天需要工作吗?The provincialgovernment andits partners offer manyprograms tohelp studentsfind summerjobs.Thedeadlines andwhat youneed to apply dependon theprogram.省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于这个项目Not astudent Goto thegovernment websiteto learnabout programsand onlinetools availableto helppeopleunder30build skills,find ajob orstart businessesall yearround.不是一个学生吗?访问政府网站,了解可以帮助30岁以下的人提高技能、找到工作或全年创业的项目和在线工具Jobs forYouth专为年轻人的工作If youare ateenager livingin certainparts of the province,you couldbe eligible(符合条件)for thisprogram,which provideseight weeksof paidemployment alongwith training.如果您是居住在该省某些地区的青少年,您可以有资格参加该计划,该计划提供八周带薪就业和培训Who iseligible:Youth15-18years oldin selectcommunities(社区).谁有资格15-18岁的青年在选定社区(社区)工作Summer Company夏季公司Summer Companyprovides studentswith hands-on businesstraining andawards ofup to$3000to startandrun theirown summerbusinesses.暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励,以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务Who iseligible:Students aged15-29,returning toschool in the fall.谁有资格15-29岁的学生,秋季返校Stewardship YouthRanger Program青少年管理员计划You couldapply to be aStewardship YouthRanger and work onlocal naturalresource managementprojectsfor eightweeks thissummer.今年夏天,你可以申请成为一名青年护林员,并在当地自然资源管理项目上工作八周Who iseligible:Students aged16or17at timeof hire,but notturning18before December31this year.符合条件的学生16岁或17岁的学生,但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁Summer EmploymentOpportunities(机会)夏季就业机会Through theSummer EmploymentOpportunities program,students arehired eachyear ina varietyof summerpositionsacross theProvincial PublicService,its relatedagencies andcommunity groups.通过暑期就业机会计划,学生每年都会在各省公共服务部门及其相关机构和区膻各种暑期职位上就业Who iseligible:Students aged15or older.Some positionsrequire studentstobe15to24or upto29for personswith adisability.谁有资格15岁或以上的学生有些职位要求残疾人士的学生年翳15至24岁或最多29岁BFor CanaanElementary sescondgrade inPatchogue,N.Y.,today isspeech day,and rightnow its ChrisPalaezs tuin^elarhwlcB is the jokerof theclass.With shiningdark eyes,heseems likethe kindof kidwho wouldenjoy publicspeaking.对于纽约州帕奇格的卡纳小学二年级来说,今天是演讲日,现在轮到克里斯帕莱兹了•这个8岁的孩子是班上的小丑他有着闪亮的黑眼睛起来像是那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子But hes nervous.I Jmhere totell youtoday whyyou shouldshould...”Chris tr-Id pronunciationdifficulty formany non-native Englishspeakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is nextto him,whispering support.u...Vote for...me...Except forsome stumbles,Chris isdoing amazinglywell.Whenhe bringshis speechtoanice conclusion,Whaley invitesthe restof theclass topraise him.但他很紧张“我今天要告诉你为什你感……咳…”克里斯被Should中的“-Id”发音绊倒了,这个发音是许多非英语母语人士的发音题他的老师托斯威利在他旁边,•低声表示支持“……投票赞成…我……”,除了一些磕磕绊绊,克里斯做得非常好当他的演讲结束时,威利邀请全班同学赞他A sonof immigrants,Chris startedlearning Englisha littleover threeyears ago.Whaley recallshow atthebeginning of the year,when calledupon toread,Chris wouldexcuse himselfto goto thebathroom.作为一个移民的儿子,克里斯三年前开始学习英语威利回忆在今年年初,当要求阅读克里斯会借口去洗手间Learning English as asecond languagecan be a painfulexperience.What youneed is a greatteacher wholetsyou makemistakes.It takesa lotfor anystudent,Whaleyexplains,for astudent whois learningEnglishastheir newlanguage,to feelconfident enoughto say,dontknow,but Iwant toknow.n,把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一段痛苦的经历你需要的是一个让你1“对任何一个学生来说都需要很多,”沃利解释说,“尤其是对于一个学习英语作为他们精言的学生来说,要有足够的假说‘我不知道,但我想知道Whaley gotthe ideaof thissecond-grade presidentialcampaign projectwhen heasked thechildren onedayto raisetheir handsif theythought theycould neverbeapresident.The answerbroke hisheart.Whaley saystheproject isabout morethan justlearning toread andspeak inpublic.He wantsthese kidsto learnto boastaboutthemselves.威利萌生了这个二年级总统竞通目的想法有一天他问孩子们,如果他们认为自正远成不了总统,请举手答案伤透了他的心威利说这个项目不仅仅是学习在公共场合阅读和说话他想让这些孩子学会自理擂uBoasting aboutyourself,and yourbest qualities,Whaley says,“is verydifficultfor achiwho came into theclassroom notfeeling confident.“吹嘘你自己和你最好的品质,”威利说,“对于一个走进教室时没有自信的孩子来说是非常困难的”CAs dataand identitytheft becomesmore andmore common,the marketis growingfor biometric(生物测量)technologies-like fingerprintscans-to keepothers outof privatee-spaces.At present,these technologiesarestill expensive,though.随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,指纹扫描等生物识别技术的市场也在增长,以将其他人挡在私人电子空间之外但目前,这些技术仍然很昂贵Researchers fromGeorgia Techsay that they havecome upwith alow-cost device(装置)that getsaroundthis problem:a smart keyboard.This smartkeyboard preciselymeasures thecadence(节奏)with whichone typesand the pressurefingers applyto eachkey.The keyboardcould offera stronglayer ofsecurity byanalyzingthings likethe forceof ausers typing and thetimebetween keypresses.These patternsare uniqueto eachperson.Thus,the keyboardcan determinepeople sidentities,and byextension,whether theyshould begiven accessto thecomputer its connectedtroegardle-s-sofwhether someonegets thepassword right.佐治亚理工学院的研究人员表示,他们已经设计出一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题智能键盘这款智能键盘精确地测量了一个人打字的节奏和手指按压每个键的力度通过分析用户打字的力度和按键之间的间隔时间,键盘可以提供强大的安全层这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的因此,键盘可以确定人们的身份,并通过扩展来确定是否应该授予他们访问与其连接的计算机的权限一一无论是否有人获得了正确的密码It alsodoesnrct quirea newtype oftechnology thatpeople arenatlready familiarwith.Everybodyuses akeyboard andeverybody typesdifferently.它也不需要一种人们不熟悉的新技术每个人都使用键盘,每个人的打字方式也不一样In astudy describingthe technology,the researchershad100volunteers typethe word“touch fourtimesusing thesmartkeyboard.Data collectedfrom thedevice couldbe usedto recognizedifferent participantsbased on howthey typed,with verylow errorrates.The researcherssay thatthe keyboardshould beprettystraightforward tocommercialize andis mostlymade ofinexpensive,plastic-like parts.The teamhopes tomakeit tomarket in the nearfuture.在一项描述这项技术的研究中,研究人员让100名志愿者用智能键盘四次输入“touch”这个单词从设备上收集的数据可以根据不同参与者的打字方式来识别他们,错误率非常低研究人员说,键盘应该是非常直接的商业化,主要是由廉价的塑料类零件该团队希望在不久的将来将其推向市场DDuring therosy yearsof elementaryschoo\小学),I enjoyedsharing mydolls andjokes,which allowedmeto keepmy highsocial status.I wasthe queenof the playground.Then camemy tweensand teens,andmeangirls andcool kids.They roseintheranks notby beingfriendly butby smokingcigarettes,breaking rulesandplaying jokeson others,among whomI soonfound myself.美好的小学时代,我既爱与人分享自己的洋娃娃,又爱给人讲笑话,这使我一直享有很高的交际地位一一我就是课堂下的校园女皇然而,随着青少年期的降临,来到我生活中的还有一些坏女孩和耍酷少年们他们不是因为与人友善而名声大噪,而是由于抽烟、违纪、捉弄他人等恶习很,快,我也随波逐流,成了他们中的一份子Popularity isa well-explored subjectin socialpsychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professorofclinical psychology,sorts thepopular intotwo categories:the likableandthestatus seekers.Thelikables-p^vlaeylls-^nth-others qualitiesstrengthen schoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskills and,when tappedearly,are employedever afterin lifeandwork.Then theresthekind popularitythat appears inadolescence:status bornof powerand evendishonorable behavior.受欢迎度是社会心理学中一个已经深入探究的课题临床心理学教授米奇普林斯坦将•受欢迎的人分为两类讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者讨人喜欢的人非常合群,这种特质能深化校园友谊,迅速提升人际交往技巧而且,这种特质如果发掘的早,会在我们日后的生活及工作之中终生受用;还有一种在青少年时期出现的受欢迎度是源于权力甚至不光彩行为的地位Enviable asthe coolkids mayhave seemed,Dr.Prinstein stusdiesshow unpleasantconsequences.Those whowere highestin statusin highschool,as wellas thoseleast likedin elementaryschool,are umostlikely to6发g事g)eindangerous andrisky behavior”.尽管耍酷少年们看起来很令人羡慕,但普林斯坦博士的研究却显示出令人不快的结果那些在高中交际地位最高的人,以及那些在小学时最不受欢迎的人,“最有可能会做出一些高危及冒险的事儿In onestudy,Dr.Prinstein examinedthe twotypes ofpopularity in235adolescents,scoring the leastliked,the mostliked andthe highestin statusbasedonstudent surveys(调查研究).“Wefound thattheleastwell-liked teenshad becomemore aggressiveover timetoward theirclassmates.But sohadthose whowere highin status.It clearlyshowed thatwhile likabilitycan leadto healthyadjustment,high statushas justthe oppositeeffect onus.”在一项研究中,普林斯坦博士对235名青少年进行了有关两种受欢迎度的细致分析,并基于学生研究对最不受欢迎者、最受欢迎者和地位最高者进行了评分“我们发现,随着时间的推移,最不受欢迎的青少年对他们的同学会变得更加盛气凌人”可是,(意外的是,)那些交际地位很高的人竟然也如出一撤这清楚地表明,虽然讨人喜欢可以带给我们良好的人际适应能力,但是很高的交际地位对我们的影响却恰恰相反Dr.Prinstein hasalso foundthatthequalities thatmade theneighbors wantyou ona playdate sharing,kindness,openness-carry overto lateryears andmake youbetter ableto relateand connectwith others.普林斯坦博士还发现,促使你身边的小伙伴与你相约玩耍的特质是一一爱分享、善良以及开放这些特质可以延续很久,并使你能够更好地与他人交往联系In analyzinghis andother research,Dr.Prinstein cameto anotherconclusion:Not onlyis likabilityrelatedto positivelife outcomes,but itis alsoresponsible forthose outcomes,too.u Beinglikedcreates opportunitiesfor learningandfor newkinds oflife experiencesthat helpsomebodygain anadvantage,he said.在对自己及其他更多的研究进行分析时,普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果密切相关,而且也会促使产生这些结果他说“被人喜欢能够创造出学习以及多种新生活经验的机会,从而帮助某人获得某种优势”第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)Is FreshAir ReallyGood forYou新鲜空气真的对你有好处吗?We allgrew uphearing peopletell usto“go outand getsome freshair.Just asimportwe tendto associatefresh airwith healthcare.According torecent studies,the answerisabig YES,ifthe airquality inyour campingarea isgood.我们都是听着别人告诉我们“出去呼吸点新鲜空气”长大的“同样重要的是,我们往往把新鲜空气与医疗联系在一起根据最近的研究,如果营地的空气质量好,答案是肯定的Fresh aircleans ourlungs.If theair youre breathingis chdniirh itwould-be ifyoureaway fromthe smogof cities-then theair isfilled withlife-giving,energizing oxygen.If youexerciseout ofdoors,your bodywill learnto breathemore deeply,allowing evenmore oxygento getto yourmuscles(月几肉)and yourbrain.鲜空气清洁我们的肺如果你呼吸的空气是干净的一一如果你远离城市的烟雾一一那么空气中就充满了赋予生命的、充满活力的氧气如果你在户外锻炼,你的身体将学会更深地呼吸,让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑Recently,people have begun studyingthe connectionbetween thenatural worldand healing(治愈).Allacross thecountry,recovery centershavebegunbuilding HealingGardens.In theseplaces patientscan gotobe nearnature duringtheir recovery.It turnsout thatjust lookingat green,growing thingscan reducestress,lower bloodpressure,and putpeople intoa bettermood H胃绪)Greenery isgood forus.Hospitalpatients whosee treebranches outtheir windoware likelyto recoveratafaster ratethan patientswho seebuildingsor skyinstead.Being innature refreshesus.It givesus agreat feelingof peace.最近,人们开始研究自然世界和治疗之间的联系全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园在这些地方,病人在康复期间可以接近大自然事实证明,仅仅看绿色植物,生长的东西就可以减轻压力,降低血压,让人心情更好绿色植物对我们有好处看到窗外树枝的医院病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快置身大自然使我们精神焕发它给我们一种平和的感觉Another sidebenefit ofgetting freshair issunlight.While thesun scan ageandharm srayour skin,they alsogive usbeneficial Vitamin D.To makesure youget enoughVitaminD—but stillprotectyour skin-put onsunscreen rightas youhead outside.It takessunscreen aboutfifteen minutesto startworking,and thatnty oftimef osrjpol eurskin toabsorb adays worthofVitamin D.获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光虽然太阳光线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤,但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D防晒霜15分钟后才开始起作用,这段时间足够你的皮肤吸o收一天所需的维生素D第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)o第一节(共20小题;每小题L5分,满分30分)Every yearabout40,000people attemptto climbKilimanjaro,the highestmountain inAfrica.They bringwiththem lotsof waste.The crowdmight damagethe beautyofthe place.The glaciersare disappearing,changingthe faceof Kilimanjaro.每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山他们带来了大量的垃圾人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽冰〃I正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌Hearing thesestories,Imskeptical abouttheplace-other destinationsare describedas4purer naturalexperiences.听了这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑一一其他旅游目的地被描述为比乞力马扎罗山“土粹”的自然体验However,I soondiscover thatmuch haschanged sincethe daysof disturbingreports ofcampsamong tonsof rubbish.I finda cleanmountain,with toiletsat campsand alongthe paths.The environmentalchallengesare significantbut theefforts madeby theTanzania NationalPark Authorityseem tobe payingoff.然而,我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于在成吨垃圾中的营地的报道以来,情况发生了很大变化我发现了一座干净的山,营地和小路上都有厕所环境挑战是重大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效The bestof aKi1imaniaro experience,in myopinion,isnt reachingthe top.Mountains areregardedas spiritualplaces bymany cultures.This viewis especiallyevident onKilimanjaro asclimbersgo throughfive ecosystemsinthespace ofa fewkilometers.At thebase isa rainforest.Itends abruptlyat3000meters,giving wayto landsof lowgrowing plants.Further up,the weatherchanges-low cloudsenvelop themountainsides,which arecovered wrtti_thick grass.I counttwelve shadeserf_greenfrom whereI stand.Above4000motors isthe highlanddesert:gravel,stones androcks.Finally,you climbintoan arctic-like zonewith permanentsnow andthe glaciersthat maysoon disappear.在我看来,乞力马扎罗山最棒的经历并不是到达顶峰许多文化都认为山是精神的地方这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显,因为登山者要在几公里的空间内穿过五个生态系统最下面的是一片热带雨林它在海拔3000米处突然终止,让位给生长低矮的植物再往上走,天气就变了一一低矮的云层笼罩着长满青草的山坡我从我站的地方数到十二道绿色阴影海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠砾石、石块和岩石最后,你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带,那里终年积雪,冰川可能很快就会消失Does Kilimanjarodeserve itsreputation asa crowdedmountain withlines oftourists ruiningthe atmosphereofpeace Ifound theopposite tobe true.乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座拥挤的山峰,这里挤满了破坏和平气氛的游客?我发现恰恰相反第二节(共10小题;每小题
1.5分,满分15分)—The polar bear isfound inthe ArcticCircle andsome bigland massesas farsouth asNewfoundland.Whilethey arerare northof880,there isevidence thatthey rangeall theway acrossthe Arctic,and asfar southasJames Bayin Canada.It isdifficult tofigure outa globalpopulation ofpolar bearsas muchoftherangehas beenpoorly studied;however,biologists calculatethat thereare about20,000-25,000polar bearsworldwide.北极熊生活在北极圈和一些大的陆地上,南至纽芬兰虽然它们在88°以北非常罕见,但有证据表明,它们.舌动范围横跨北极,良至远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾由于对北极熊活动范围的研究甚少,很涯计算出全球北极熊的数量然而,生物学家计算出全球大约有20,000到25,000只北极熊一Modern methodsof trackingpolarbearpopulations havebeen employedonly sincethe mid-1980s,and areexpensiveto performconsistently overa largearea.In recentyears someInuit peoplein Nunavuthave reportedincreasesin bearsightings around human settlements,leading toa beliefthat populationsare increasing.Scientists haveresponded bynoting thathungry bearsmay becongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leading tothe illusion(错觉)that populationsare higherthan theyactually are.Of thenineteen recognizedpolarbear subpopulations,three aredeclining,six arestable,one isincreasing,and ninelack enoughdata.现代追踪北极熊数量的方法从上世纪80年代中期才开始使用,而且要在大面积范围内持续进行,成本很高近年来,努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住地附近看到熊的数量有所增加,这让人们相信熊的数量正在增加对此,科学家们的回应是,饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近,导致人们产生一种错觉,即它们的数量比实际数量要高在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中,有3个正在减少,6个稳定,1个正在增加,9个缺乏足够的数据第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)I becameinterested inplaying footballthanks toa smallaccident.One afternoonwhen I was inprimaryschool,Iwaswalking bythe schoolplayground.Suddenly afootball felljust infront ofme andalmost hitme.I stoppedthe balland kickedit hardback totheplayground.To everyones surprise,the ballwentinto thenet.All thefootball playerson theplayground cheeredloudly,say thatI hada talentfor football.From thenon,I startedto playfootball withclassmates afterschool.I ama goodplayer now.由于一次小事故,我对踢足球产生了兴趣在我上小学的一个下午,我走过学校的操场突然一个足球掉在我面前,差点打到我我把球停了下来,用力把它踢回操场令每个人吃惊的是,球进了网操场上所有的足球运动员都大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋从那时起,我开始在放学后和同学踢足球我现在是一个好球员。
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