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初中名词用法归纳与练习知识网络名专有名词词规则变化不普可数名词{的规则变化通分名不可数名词不可数名词的量词所有格的构成名词所有格所有格的用法名词双重所有格I名词的句法作用作主语、宾语、定语等考点一名词的分类名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词个体名词rchair可数名词.集体名词I peopleJamily名词//「物质名词不可数名词,1rain,ice,sunshine抽象名词.I love,knowledge考点二名词的复数形式.规则变化
113.Take ashort restafter two(小时)hard work,and youwonft feeltoo tired.【解析】前面有所以应该用的复数形式的名词所有格two,hour hours【答案】hours,(变化)
14.Great have taken placein ourhometown.【解析】句中的谓语动词是因此主语要用复数形式havetakenplace,【答案】changes(西南方),
15.A powerfulearthquake hitWenchuan inChinas SichuanProvince onMay12th.【解析】表示“偏方向”时,先说南北,再说东西,故西南方为southwest【答案】southwest
三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词
1.A is the fourthmonth of the year.【解析】一年的第四个月份是April【答案】April
2.My his collectingstamps.I havecollected thousandsof stamps.【解析】集邮是一种爱好,故填hobby【答案】hobby
3.Mark Twainwas bornin theUSA andEnglish washis mothert・【解析】“母语”由句意“马克•吐温出生于美国,英语是他的母语」可知答mother tongue案【答案】tongue
4.My motheris anurse.She worksin afamous h.【解析】由常识知护士工作的地点是医院【答案】hospital(拨)
5.If youare indanger,remember todial thetelephone n110at once.【解析】句意为“如果你遇到危险,记住立刻拨电话号码故填110J number【答案】number一
6.Do youknow whatthe pof China is now—Its over
1.3billion.【解析】由答语知,上句是问现在中国的人口是多少,故填population【答案】population
7.New Yearis atraditional ffor Chinesepeople.【解析】根据和可知是节日句意是“新年对中国人来说是传统的节日”New Yeartraditional【答案】festival
8.Tomorrow ismy cousinsbirthday.Im goingto buya gfor her.【解析】根据可知想买生日礼物句意是“明天是我堂妹的生日,我将my cousinsbirthday给她买一件礼物J【答案】gift
9.If theres something wrongwith yourteeth,youd bettergo tosee ad・【解析】根据something wrongwith yourteethw可知要看牙医句意是“如果你的牙齿出毛病了,你最好去看牙医”【答案】dentist
10.W isthe coldestseason of the year.【解析】根据^the coldestseason of theyearw可知是winter句意是“冬天是一年中最冷的季节J【答案】Winter
11.We dontgo to the cmuch formovies becausewe havea video.【解析】根据可知是句意是“我们不经常去电影院看电影,因为我们有一个movies cinema录像机J【答案】cinema
12.When summercomes,day becomeslonger andn becomes shorter.【解析】谓语动词是第三人称单数形式,故主语要用单数【答案】night
13.P aremy favouriteanimals andthey liveonly inChina.【解析】谓语动词是因此主语用复数形式are,【答案】Pandas
14.Would youlike tosee themovie withme Ivegot twot.【解析】“票”的英文单词为复数为ticket,tickets【答案】tickets
15.Mary issuch ashy girlthat itshard forher tosing inp.【解析】为固定词组,在公众场合in public【答案】public
16.Bill wantsto buya newjacket becausehis oldone isout ofs.【解析】根据句意可知是想买新的,是因为旧的过时了意为“过时句意是out ofstyle“比尔想买一件新夹克,因为他的旧的过时了”【答案】style构成方法例词在词尾加・sgirl-girls pen-pens以结尾的名词后s,x,ch,shbus—buses box—boxes watch—watches dish—dishes加・es以或结尾的名词,变wife—wives half—halves shelf—shelves thief—f fef,fe为v,再加・es thieves某些以结尾的词,直接加f(屋顶)(信念)roof—roofs belief—beliefs-S以辅音字母+结尾的名词city—cities country—countries family—familiesyparty—parties变y为i再加・es以元音字母+结尾的名词,yboy—boys day-days直接加・s以结尾的四个词(两菜、两potato—potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero—heroes人)加・es,其余的都加・sNegro—Negroes zoo—zoos photo—photos.不规则变化2构成方法例词形式不变sheep-sheep deer—deer(单复数同形)Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanesefoot-feet tooth—teeth goose-geese man—men变内部元音字母mouse-mice词尾加・en/・renchild—children ox—oxen.复合名词的复数形式有两种⑴将主体词变为复数,如3(嫂子)sisterinlaw—sistersinlawboy classmate-boy classmates()将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是或如2man woman,man worker-men workerswomanteacher—women teachers特殊情况
4.⑴有些名词只有复数形式,如(剪刀),(眼镜)clothes,shorts,pants,scissors goods,glasses⑵有些名词以结尾,但不是复数形式,如snews,maths physics,politics9⑶有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如(空间)一(房间)room aroom(工作)一(著作)work works()不可数名词的数量表达4
①不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸a pieceof bread/news/paper
②还可用)等来修饰不可much,little a little alarge amountof,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of9数名词,如much money,some milk⑸数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如他是个岁的男孩He isa fouryearoldboy.4(不能说成)fouryearold fouryearsold一个五英尺深的洞a fivefootdeephole考点三名词所有格表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加回或直接加,
1.()单数名词加回如1Mary*s book⑵以结尾的复数名词只加,,不以结尾的复数名词要加回如ss这三个女孩的父亲the threegirls*father孩子们的礼物the childrenspresents⑶表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加§表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后加,如s,(她俩人共有的车)Mary andJane*s car(她俩各自的车)Marys andJanes cars()表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略如4理发店the barbers=the barbersshop至!我姑姑家to myaunfs=to myaunts houseJ⑸有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加七构成所有格如一周的时间a weekstime中国的人口Chinas population表示无生命的东西的所有格形式名词所有者,如
2.+of+动物园的名字the nameof thezoo双重所有格即或名词性物主代词,如
3.of+K of+我女儿的一本书a bookof mydaughters他的朋友
三、常友好The friendof hisis verykind.考点四名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等名词作定语,一般用单数形式如(女学生)(纸花)girl studentspaper flowers名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式如(运动会)sports meeting名词专练
一、单项选择
1.Read thecarefully.They willhelp youknow howto usethe popper.A.Instructions B.decisions C.results【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用“说明;“决定”;结果”instruction decisionresult由后句“它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机”可判断本句为“认真读说明”,故符合句意instructions【答案】A
2.Cici enjoysdancing.Ifs one of her.A,prizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies【解析】本题考查名词后接名词的复数,表示“……中的一个,故排除、两项;one ofA C“奖品”,“爱好”,跳舞是一种爱好,故选项prize hobbyD【答案】D
3.For myhomework I have to write anaboutthe wondersofthe world.A.music B.pictureC.composition D.exam【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用“音乐”;“图画”;作文music picturecomposition“考试”是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词修饰,故排除项;动词Q exammusic a/an Awrite不能和搭配,也应排除;家庭作业不可能是考试,项也排除故选picture DC【答案】C
4.Boys andgirls,feeling peacefulisthefirst stepto becomein theexam.So pleasetakea deepbreath andcalm down.A.runnersB.winnersC.players【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用“跑步者”;“获胜者”;运动rumier winnerplayer员”在考试中应成为获胜者,故符合句意winners【答案】B
5.—I havegreat inlearning mathand Imso worried.Could youhelp me一Sure.rd beglad to.A.trouble B.interestC.joy D.fun【解析】本题考查名词的用法“做某事有困难”have trouble/difficulty/problems indoing sth.“兴趣”;“高兴,欣赏”;“乐趣”,均不符合题意interest joyfun【答案】A6・——Mrs Black,could yougive me some adviceon howtowritean applicationletter—With pleasure.Remember thatthe lettershould bewritten in the formal.A.value B.style C.effect D.mood【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析益处,价值;“风格,文体”影响,效果々value style”;effect“情绪,心情”由语境知“写申请信应用正式文体二mood【答案】B
7.Could youplease getmesomeIm hungry.A.apple B.waterC.bread D.egg【解析】本题考查名词的用法由第二句中俄饿了知空格处需填“吃的东西”,故Pm hung排除选项B;选项A、D均为可数名词,由题干中的some判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词,故排除、两项“面包”,为不可数名词,符合题意A Dbread【答案】C一
8.Im goingtothesupermarketLet meget yousome fruit.一OK.Thanks for your.A.offer B.informationC.message D.order【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析提供,提议”;“信息”;信offer informationmessage□;“顺序,订货,命令二句意为“我要去超市让我为你买些水果吧”“好吧,谢谢order你的好意”故选A【答案】A
9.These naturaldisasters havewarned usthat everyoneshould startto protectthe immediately.A.amusement B.developmentC.environment D.government【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析娱乐;发展;“环amusement developmentenvironment境”;“政府”句意为“这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境governmentJ【答案】C
10.—Mrs.Wang wassent toteach Englishin apoor mountainvillage lastyear.—She saidshe wouldnever forgetsome pleasantwhile workingthere.A.experiments B.expressionsC.experiences D.emotions【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析实验”;表达;经历;experimentexpression experience“感情”空格所在句的句意为“她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一些美好的经emotion历”故选C【答案】C一
11.Im sorryI wentout fora smoke.I wasvery tired.-Theres nofor thiswhile youare atwork.A.cause B.excuseC.matter D.choice【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析“原因;理由,借口”;“事情”;cause excusematter choice“选择”由空格所在句的句意“当你工作时这样做是没有理由的“知选B【答案】B
12.John wantsto bea,so heoften helpssick peoplein thehospital.A.reporter B.doctorC.scientist D.cook【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析“记者”;“医生”;“科学家”;reporter doctorscientist“厨师”由句意“因此他经常在医院里帮助病人”知约翰想成为一名医生,故选cook B【答案】B
14.The twocities havereached anto developscience andtechnology.A.educationB.excitementC.agreementD.invention【解析】本题考查名词的用法“达成协议,是固定搭配,故选reach anagreement C【答案】C
15.—Could youtell mesomething aboutthe boywho helpedyou justnow—Sorry,I knownothing abouthim.We are・A・friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers【解析】由答语前面的“对不起,我不认识他,可知这里是指“陌生人”【答案】D
16.I dontthink lookingafter childrenis justwork.A.womanB.womansC.womenD.womens【解析】句意为“我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格,J又因为的复数形式是故选woman women,Do【答案】D一
17.Why areyou stillwaiting inline一Ive missedmy・A・placeB.orderC.turnD.time【解析】句意为“你为什么仍然在排队?加‘我错过了我的一次机会了「“地方”;place order“顺序”;”轮到的机会;“时间”通过句意可知,只有项符合题意,故答案turn timeC为C【答案】C一
18.I hearyou haveto runfor halfan hourevery day.—Right.lt isone ofthe inmy school.A.choices B.plans C.hobbies D.rules【解析】句意为“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时产是的,这是我们学校的规则之一「“选choices择;“计划”;“爱好”;规则:所以选择答案plans hobbiesrules D【答案】D
19.mothers cantgo tothe meeting,because theyhave goneto NewYork onbusiness.A.Alice andLily*sB.Alice*s andLilysC.Alice*s andLily【解析】选项是指她们共同的母亲;选项表示她们各自的母亲;选项没有这种表达形式,A BC首先排除由后句的可知,这里指的是她们各自的母亲,因此答案为they B【答案】B
20.—The landin thesouthwest ofChina isin greatneed of.—Yes,it hasntrained fora longtime there.A.milkB.teaC.coffeeD.water【解析】根据答语可知西南很需要水,故答案选D【答案】D
21.—How faris yourhome fromschool—Its abouttwo walk.A.hoursB.hoursC.hours,【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法两小时的路程表达是two hours*walk,hour需要变复数后加故选S C【答案】C一
22.Im notsure aboutthe meaningoftheword.—Youd betterlook itup ina・A.letter B.dictionaryC.postcard D.notice【解析】书信”;字典、词典;卡片;”布告”,根据题letter dictionarypostcard notice意“我不知道这个词语的意思“你最好查词典知答案选J JB【答案】B一
23.Whose computerdoesnt work—,I think.A.John hasB.John doesC.John D.Johns【解析】句意为“谁的计算机出毛病啦?”“约翰的,我想故答语应用名词所有格形式,所J以答案应选D【答案】D
24.—Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus.What shallwe do一Im afraidwe haveno butto takea taxi.A.choice B.decisionC.reason D.idea【解析】和可知是别无选择句意是“哎,天啊,havemissedthelastbus butto takea taxi”我们已经错过了最后一班车,我们应该怎么办呢?”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了J【答案】A
25.—Good morning,madam.Can Ihelp you一Sure,Id like,please.A.two cupsof coffeesB.two cupof coffeesC.two cupsof coffeeD.two cupof coffee【解析】coffee是不可数名词,不能加s,排除A和B;两杯应是twocups,排除D故选Co【答案】C
26.—Do youknow theyoung ladyover there一Yes.Shes mother.A.Lily andLucy B.Lilys andLucysC.Lily*s andLucy D.Lily andLucy*s【解析】根据空后的可知是两人共有的,两人共有某物时,只需要在后一个词后加mother~句意是“你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗?”“是的,她是莉莉和露西的妈妈”【答案】D
27.After walkingfor morethan halfan hour,we decidedto takerest.A.a fewminutes B.a fewminutes*C.a littleminuted D.alittleminutes,【解析】是可数名词由来修饰且要用复数形式,名词以结尾时,所有格直接加minute afew s句意是“走了半个多小时后,我们决定休息几分钟”故选B【答案】B28・一Where arethe-They areplaying basketballon theplayground.A.man teachers;the B.men teachers;theC.man teachers;/D.men teachers;/【解析】作定语时,两个名词都要变复数;球类运动的短语中,球类之前不可用冠词,故man选句意是“男老师在哪儿?”“他们正在操场上打篮球”D【答案】D
29.Betty hasa silk.She cansing verywell.A,voiceB.lookC.soundD.noise【解析】根据aShe cansing verywell.w可知她的声音很好,人的声音用voice表示句意是“贝蒂的声音好,她可以唱得非常好【答案】A
30.—Oh,there isntenough forus onthe bus.——No hurry.Lefs waitfor thenext one.A.floor B.groundC.room D.place【解析】根据和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了句意是“哎呀,公共汽车nthebus上没有我们足够的空间了“别着急,让我们等下一趟吧J J【答案】C
31.I sawmany eatinggrass onthe hill.A.horse B.cow C.deers D.sheep【解析】后跟名词复数,都不是复数,和单复数相同,故答案选【答many A,B deersheep D案】D
二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词(奇迹)
1.The GreatWall ofChinaisone ofthe oftheworld.【解析】“奇迹”为后接复数名词wonder,one of【答案】wonders(外国人)
2.More andmore cometo visitChina.【解析】“外国人为foreigner;more是many的比较级,后接名词的复数【答案】foreigners(星期)
3.After threeholiday,we cameback towork.【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法以结尾的复数名词的所有格在后加“,二ss【答案】weeks,(惊讶),
4.To ourgreat Tomfailed topass thegraduation exam.【解析】使某人惊讶的是”to one*s surprise【答案】surprise(眼镜).
5.He cantsee theblackboard clearly,so heneeds a pair of【解析】一副眼镜”apairof glasses【答案】glasses(公民).
6.We shouldpay attentionto ourbehavior andtry tobe good【解析】由主语知,要填复数形式we dtizens【答案】citizens(千)
7.They haveplanted aboutfive treesin andaround thetown in the pastfew years.【解析】英语中的等词如果前面有基数词修饰,一律用单数,hundred,thousand,million,billion故填原形thousand【答案】thousand(发明)
8.The camerawas oneofthe greatest inthe19th century.【解析】根据空前的可知用名词的复数句意是“照相机是十九世纪最伟oneofthegreatest大的发明之一【答案】inventions(牙齿)
9.How manytimes doyou brushyour everyday【解析】的复数形式是tooth teetho【答案】teeth(胜利者)
10.Please tellme thetelephone number.I wantto interviewhim.【解析】句意是“请告诉我胜利者的电话号码,我想采访他”胜利者是其所有格在winner,其后加飞【答案】winners(土豆)
11.There aremany freshinthesupermarket.【解析】因句中有后接名词的复数,的复数是many,many potatopotatoes【答案】potatoes(邀请).
12.Thank youvery muchforyourBut Imso sorrythat Icant cometo yourpartytomorrow.【解析】空白处前有修饰,故要用名词形式,而的名词是your inviteinvitation【答案】invitation。
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