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省略句L省略句的定义省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象
2.词的省略
(1)省略介词()他花了四个小时复习功课He spentfour hoursin goingover hislessons.()我已学五年英语了Ive studiedEnglish forfive years.()省略连词2that()我相信你们会成功的I believethat youwill succeed.().他要走,真遗憾Its a pity that hes leaving()我肯定她会帮你的Im surethat she will helpyou.
(3)省略关系代词()我要把我所有的一切都给你ril giveyou allthat Ihave.().他看过我昨天买的书了He readthe bookwhich Igot yesterday
3.句子成分的省略()省略主语1Beg yourpardon.(我)请你原谅(Beg前省略了主语I)Takecare!当心!(Take前省略了主语you)看起来象要下雨(前省略了主语)Looks as if itwill rain.Looks it()省略谓语2Who next该谁了?(Who后面省略了谓语comes)(后面省略了)The riverwas deepand theice thin.ice wasWe511do thebest wecan.我们将尽力而为(can后面省略了动词do)()省略表语3Are youready Yes,Iam.你准备好了吗?我准备好了(am后面省略了ready).他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者He wasa loverof sportsas hehad beenin hisyouth(后面省略了)had beena loverof sports
(4)省略宾语Let^do thedishes.Til washand youHldry.让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干(wash和dry后面省略了宾语)dishes()省略定语5那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来(He spentpart of the money,and the rest hesaved.therest后面省略了定语)ofthemoney
(6)省略状语He wasnot hurt.Strange!他没有受伤,真奇怪!(Strange前面省略了状语how)
4.从句的省略/名词性从句名词性从句中的省略现象如果从句谓语与主句谓语相同,从句可省略全部谓语,甚至1wh-主语也可省略,只保留一个词wh-She will go to Beijing,but I dont know when she willgo toBeijing.她要去北京,但我不知道是什么时候She cant come,but I dont knowwhy shecantcome.她不能来,但我不知为什么从句若是被动结构,主谓语也可全部省略,只保留词wh-by+whThe cup was broken by someone,but Iwonder thecupwasbrokenbywhom.这个杯子被某人打碎了,但我纳闷是被谁打碎的如果从句相同而.词不同,则可省略第一个从句而把两个词连接起来wh wh.I dont knowwhento meet him andwhere tomeethim.我不清楚什么时间、什么地点见他在与表示命令、愿意、建议等相关的名词性从句中,常用型虚拟,而从句谓语部分中2should的常省略should我们要求他告诉我们真相We requirethat heshould tellus the truth.在句型从句”中,从句通常用3“It is necessary/surprising/suggested/natural/strange...+that should型虚拟,而常常可以省略should每个人都Everyone thinksit is necessary thatour researchgroup shouldbegin theexperiment atonce.认为我们的研究小组立刻开始实验是必要的在宾语从句中,连词常可省略但如果有两个宾语从句,第二个宾语从句的不能省;4that that如果宾语从句和主句谓语之间有插入语时,也不能省略thatI believethat youwill succeed.我认为你会成功名词性从句的省略结构,即『通常这样的省略结构适应于从句的主语与主句5“wh-+todosth的主语一致的情况Idontknow whatto donext.我不知道下一步做什么,如何处理这件事还没有定下来How todeal withthe matterhas not been decided/形容词性从句定语从句中的省略当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时,常被省略1Do youremember theplace which/that wevisited lastyear你记得我们去年参观的那个地方吗?当先行词为等词时,其后面定语从句中的或介词+等常被省2way,direction that,which,which略Do youknow theway in which workis measured你知道衡量工作的方式吗?某些定语从句的省略结构,即“介词+不定式”3which/whom+Can you find mea roominwhichto live你能给我找个住的房间吗?他是一个能向他求助的好人He isa goodperson towhom toturn./副词性从句状语从句的省略状语从句的省略原则主要是如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,从而使语言更加简洁、明了时间状语从句中的省略1注在引导口寸间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象我们不可说as Aswalking,she founda niceshiningthing on the ground.When she was veryyoung,she beganto learnto play the piano.我在上大学时就开始认识While Iwas atcollege,I beganto knowhim,a strangebut ablestudent.他,一个奇怪但有能力的学生至达之后,来个电报When arriving,send mea telegram.When youarrive,send mea telegram.走之前,请关闭所有Before leaving,turn offall thelights.Before youleave,turn offall thelights.的灯不叫你请你不要进来Dont comein untilyou are asked to.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙Whenever itis possible,you shouldcome andhelp.你应尽快让我们知道结果You shouldlet usknow theresult assoon asitis possible.地点状语从句中的省略2地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构wherever possible,wherever necessary,.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方\Lay thesebooks wherepossible youcan findthem easilyPut在下列文中需要的地方填入冠词in articleswherever necessaryin thefollowing passages.条件状语从句中的省略3常用的句型是等if necessary,if possible,if true,if anyone如货物如果准备好了,请送过来Send thegoods nowif theyare ready.如果叫他来,他就来He willcome ifhe isasked.如果有可能,朝我家里打电话If itisnecessary,ring meat home.如果有可能和我一起去吧Come alongwith meif itis possible.如果是真的,这会给我们带来很多麻烦If itis true,this willcasue usa lotof trouble.很少有人能记起他There arefew peoplenowadays,if thereare any,who rememberhim.你应呆在你现在的地方不动,除非叫You shouldstay whereyou are,unless youareaskedto leave.你动让步状语从句中的省略4他真是个好人,尽管有时有点无聊He isa goodman,though sometimeshe israther dull.Even if即使邀我去,我都不想听如此坏的报告I aminvited to,I wont gotosuch abad lecture,比较状语从句中的省略5她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好She canplaythepiano justas wonderfullyas youdo.她这项工作比预料的提前完成She hasfinished thework earlierthan ithas beenexpected.方式状语从句中的省略6后还可加介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式as if/as thoughn./a./ad./He actsas ifhe werea fool.She talkedto thestranger as if shewere absent-minded.He openedthe desk,as ifhewasin searchof somethingimportant.The boyis runningimpatiently hereand thereas ifhe issearching forsomething lostonthesportsground.The footballplayer isrolling onthe groundas ifhe ishurt badlyin theleg.He movedhis lipsasifhe wantedto speak.
5.与不定式相关的省略⑴通常为了避免重复,在联系密切的语境中,作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留不定式符号tOo一你来和我一起吃晚饭好吗?——Will youcome to have supperwith me我愿意——Id like/love tocome tohave supperwith you.—She wentteaching becauseshe wantedto gothere.她去教书,因为她想去Dont touchanything unlessyour teachertells youto.除非你老师告诉你,否则不要触摸任何东西⑵注意如果不定式符号后面是时,要保留如果不定式用了完成式,要保留到助动to bebe词haveThe citynow ismuch noisierthan itused tobe.这个城市比过去喧闹多了看来他已经知道了事实——It seemsthathe has knownthetruth.—一是的,看来他好像知道了——Yes,he seemstohave.⑶如果不定式作表语,用于解释的内容,也常可省“do”to我所做的是摆桌子What Idid wasto laythe table.
6.与特殊疑问句相关的省略⑴特殊疑问句的回答形式有两种,一种是部分回答即省略结构,一种是完全回答一你有什么建议?——What doyou suggest一周日钓鱼——I suggestGoing fishingon Sunday.由固定词组引导的疑问句2What abouthaving awalk aftersupper饭后散步怎们样?How comethey leftyou alonehere他们怎么会把你一个人留在这儿?What ifit rains倘若下雨怎么办?Why nottry again为什么不再试一次呢?7,独立主格结构中的分词若为being或having been时,通常省去不用,意义不受影响The meetingbeing over,we allleft the room.会议结束了,我们都离开了房间All thetickets havingbeen soldout,we hadto goagain thenext day.所有的票都卖完了,我们不得不第二天再去
8.与助动词相关的省略一你喜欢读小说吗?——Do youenjoy readingnovels—是的,我喜欢—Yes,1do.【提醒】有时为了句意或时态的需要,要保留两个助动词——Did heattend the meeting——No,but heshould have.He wassupposed togive aspeech atthemeeting.一他参加那个会议了吗?一没有,但他本来应该参加的他应该在会上作报告
9.so,not-常用来替代从句,形成一种别样的省略结构用于替代肯定形式的从句,表示说话者赞同前述的事实,常和表示看法、意见等的动词so think,等连用用于替代否定形式的从句,表believe,expect,suppose,imagine,guess,say,hope,fear not示说话者不赞同前述的事实【提醒】当表示说话者不赞同前述的事实时,也可用借助于上述动词的否定形式和连用,但so等不能用此形式afraid,fear,hope一我希望他会赢----I hopehewillwin.—我也希望如此----I hopeso,too.一明天会下雨----It willrain tomorrow.一我不这样认为----1believe not./Idontthink so.
10.在条件句中的虚拟语气中,若if从句中含有should,had或were,那么就可省略if,把这些词提到主语前,使用部分倒装结构Were Iyou/If Iwere you,I wouldgo withher.如果我是你的话,我就和她一起走Had youtaken partin theparty,you wouldhave metthe man.如果你参加了那个聚会,你就会见到那个男人
11.与强调句式有关的省略强调句式被强调部分句子的剩余部分”有时承接上文,可以把句式中的句“It is/was++that+“that+子的剩余部分“省略—你在什么地方找到的他?——Where didyoufindhim()一是在实验室——It wasin thelab thatI foundhim.注意省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份AWhat excitingnews!(=What excitingnews itis!)多么令人激动的消息啊!()很遗憾,他失败了Pity hesfailed.=It isapitythat hesfailed.()我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她I likehim morethan her.=I likehim morethan Ilike her.■英语中有一些固定的省略结构)在以(好象)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是常将a if,when,though,asifbe,主语和动词省略be如有必要,我们就往家里打电报If necessary,we shallsend atelegram home..他一有可能就来帮助我Whenever possible,hewillcome tomy help骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯While cycling,dont forgetthe trafficlights.)由固定词组引导的疑问句b下盘棋怎么样?What abouthaving agame ofchess他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?How comethey leftyou alonehereWhat ifit9s raining如果天下雨怎么办?为什么不再试试呢?Why nottry again)在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式c符号t,他可以走,如果他愿意的话He mayleave ifhe wishesto等我叫你走你再走Don,tgotill Itell youto.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反A而不合乎习惯.他比我高(之后省略补上不合习惯)He istaller thanI amam tall,禁止停车(告示用语)No parking.=No parkingis allowedhere.有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分不用谢不要紧谢谢Not atall.No matter.Thanks.改写句子,使用省略手段避免下面各句重复I.
1.Someone hasused mymobile phone,but Idontknowwho hasused it.
2.John workedhard buthis brotherdid notwork hard.
1.1have lazystudents andhardworking studentsin myclass.
4.---Has heever beenabroad---No,hehasnever beenabroad.
5.If itisnecessary,we willfinish itahead oftime.
6.You mustnot belate andyou mustnotbeabsent.
7.Give meyour nameand address,please.
8.It iswell done.
9.Mother cantake arest,Mother shouldtake arest butMother wonttake arest afterlong hoursofwork.
10.He couldanswer thequestions verywell ifhe wouldanswer thequestions buthe didntanswer thequestions.单项选择
11.
1.---1wont do it any more.---A.Why dontB.Why dontdoitany moreC.Why not D.Why notto
2.Although tostop,he kepton working.A.tell B.telling C.having toldD.told
3.—Will youwaste yourtime andmoney onthat---Certainly.A.I notB.dont C.not D.no
4.---Mary didnt attend thelecture,did she---Yes,she.A.attended B.didntattendC.didnt D.did
5.---Whats Joandoing---newspapers intheroom.A.She readingB.She readsC.To readD.Reading
6.always succeed.A.Honest and clever studentsB.Students whohonest andcleverC.Honest studentsandcleverD.Students arehonest andclever
7.—Can youclimb thattree,my boy—A.I B.Myself C.Mine D.Me
8.Some peopleare againstthe planbut supportit.A.anymoreB.many moreC.much moreD.no more
9.—ril beaway ona businesstrip.Would youmind lookingafter mycat—Not atall..A.Tve notime B.Td rathernot C.Td liketo D.Td behappy to
10.---Why notgo andhave dinnerin arestaurant---.Its tooexpensive.A.Why notB.I agreeC.Fm afraidnotD・Im sure答案:CDCDD ADBDC。
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