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Unit3ReadingSailing theoceans航海Zheng He郑和In thesummer of1405,Zheng He,one of China sgreatest explorers,set sailfrom Taicangon hisfirst voyage.Afleet ofover200ships navigatedthe blueseas,with almost28,000people on board,which was a splendidscene.Itwould take500years beforea largerfleet sailedthe seas.According tosome records,the largestships wereover140metres inlength,demonstrating theadvanced technologyand specialskills usedin constructingships.年夏天，关和，中国最伟大的探险家之一，从太仓启航，开始了他的第一次航行一1405B支拥有多艘船只的舰队在蓝色的海洋上航行，船上有近人，一派壮丽的景象直到20028,000年后，才有更大的舰队在海上航行根据一些记录，最大的船只长度超过米，展示出当500140时用于建造船舶的先进技术和特殊技艺Between1405and1433,on behalfof theMing Dynasty,Zheng Hemade atotal ofseven voyages.His shipswereloaded withchina,silk,tea andother treasuresas giftsfor foreignrulers,and thefleet paidfriendly visitsto more than30countries and regions.He evensailed asfar asthe eastcoast ofAfrica.As theysailed,the navigatorstook compassreadings,kept logsof theirvoyages andcharted thecoast.Later thedetailed mapsbecame Zheng He sNavigation Map.年至年间，郑和代表明朝共出航七次他的船上满载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他14051433珍宝作为礼物送给外国统治者，舰队对多个国家和地区进行了友好访问他甚至远航到非洲东30海岸当他们航行时，领航员记录罗盘读数、记录航行日志并绘制海岸图后来这些祥细的地图就成了《郑和航海图》Zheng Hes sevenvoyages hada far-reaching impacton Chinaand itsneighbours.In thecountries andregionswhere Zheng He setfoot,legends havebeen passedon aboutthis great explorer.ZhengHes effortshelped developandstrengthen harmoniousrelations withthese countriesandregions,exposing foreignpeople toChinese culture,andallowing theChinese tobetter understand overseas lands.郑和七下西洋对中国及其周边国家产生了深远的影响在郑和到过的国家和地区，关于这位伟大探险家的传说代代相传郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，让外国人接触中国文化，也让中国人更好地了解国外For manyyears,some historiansdismissed therecords of these voyagesas legends.The finalproof camewhen anenormousshipyard wasdiscovered inNanjing,where thefleet had been built.ZhengHes accomplishmentsare nowwidelyacknowledged,and heis rememberedas one ofChinas mostinfluential explorers.多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会最终的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，这支舰队就是在那里建造而成郑和的成就现在得到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记Christopher Columbus克里斯托弗哥伦布・Those whomake greatdiscoveries mustoften overcomemany challengesalong theway aswas thecase withthe一explorer ChristopherColumbus.Columbus wasborn ina portcity ofItaly in
1451.As ateenager,he lovedsailing,and heshowedgreat interestin geography,which inspiredhim tobegin hiscareer as a seaman.那些得伟大发现的人必然要在这一过程中经常克服许多挑战一一就像探险家克里斯托弗•哥伦布那样哥伦布于年出生在意大利的一个港口城市十几岁的时候，他就喜欢航海，对地1451理表现出了极大的兴趣，这促使他开始了自己的海员生涯Columbus insistedon searchingfor adirect searoute to the East Indies bysailing across the AtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuous attempts,he receivedfinancial supportfrom theKing andQueen ofSpain.On3August1492,he departedfromSpain withthree shipscarrying about90crewmen.The journeywas fullof challenges:it tooklonger thanexpected,they faceda shortageof food,and oneof the ships wasleaking badly,which puteveryone onthis shipin gravedanger.The menonboardwere inpanic.Regardless ofall thechallenges,Columbus managedto keepeveryone outof dangerwithhis knowledgeand braveryacrosstheocean.Finally,on12October,the crewspotted landin thedistance.Columbus calledthe nativesliving on the islandsIndians becausehe wasconvinced that he wasin theEast Indies.However,the shoresthey hadreached wereof theCaribbean,not theEastIndies.哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋寻找通往东印度群岛的直接航线经过不断的努力，他得到了西班牙国王和王后的资金支持年月日，他带着三艘船离开西班牙，船上约有名船员14928390这趟旅程充满了挑战:花费的时间比预期的要长，他们面临着食物短缺，还有其中一艘船严重漏水，这让这艘船上的所有人都陷入了极大的危险之中船上的人都惊惶失措不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过了海洋最后，在月日，船员发现了远处1012的陆地哥伦布把居住在这些岛屿上的土著人称为印第安人，因为他确信自己是到了东印度群岛然而，他们到达的海岸是加勒比海岸，不是东印度群岛Between1493and1504,Columbus foundmore land over thecourse of his threesubsequent voyages.The majorcontributionof thisgreatexploreris thathe“discovered“the NewWorld.His discoveryinspired explorerssuch asCaptainJames Cookto exploreand discovermore vastareas of the world.His voyagesopened anew chapteroftheAgeof Exploration,a periodwhich witnessedmany importantgeographical findings.This periodalso allowedfor aninternationalexchange ofideas andcultures.年至年间，哥伦布在随后的三次航行中发现了更多的陆地这位伟大的探险家的14931504主要贡献是他“发现”了新大陆他的发现启发了詹姆斯库克船长等探险家去探索和发现世界上更广阔的地区他的航行开启了大航海时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现这一时期也使思想和文化的国际交流成为可能Extended readingHellcomes topearl harbor地狱降临珍珠港It wasSunday,December7,
1941.As usual,the wake-up callcame at5:45a.m.The menaboard thewarship USSArizonastretched andrubbed theireyes.Seaman RussellWarriner wasawakened byQuartermaster LouisConter.Russell madehis bedand helpedclean thehuge,shared room.The menwent to the washroom,dressed in theiruniforms andsat downto breakfast.It lookedlike itwould bea normalday onboard the ship.那是年月日，星期天和往常一样，起床号在早上点分响起美国“亚利桑1941127545那号”战列舰上的人伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛军需官路易•孔泰叫醒了海员拉塞尔•沃里纳拉塞尔整理了床铺，还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共用房间人们走进盥洗室，穿上制服，然后坐下来吃早饭看起这将是船上平常的一天But nobodyate theirbreakfast:at thatmoment,there wasa hugecrashing soundfrom above.The shipshookviolently andthe menlooked ateach otherin horror.Above theirheads,hundreds ofJapanese planescircled likeeagles.They werediving downto dropbombs on Pearl Harbor.The screamof theirengines wasdeafening.As bombsthunderedall around,clouds ofblack smokerose into the skyand hungover thesea.Russell felthis bloodfreeze,buthe quicklycame tohimself andrushed upto thedeck.Moments later,a bombhit the USS Arizonaand Russell wasthrown more than100meters acrosstheship.He sufferedserious burnson hishands,arms andlegs,and watchedmanyofhisfriends die.但是没有人吃早饭:就在那时，上面传来一声巨响船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面相觑在他们头顶上，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋，它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港发动机发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋炸弹在各处炸响，黑烟形成云，升上空并笼平着大海拉塞尔觉得自己的血都凝固了，但他立马反应过来，冲到甲板上片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了美国“亚利桑那号”战舰，拉塞尔被炸到多米开外他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤，眼睁睁地看着许多朋友死去100Louis,meanwhile,also standingon thedeck,was luckynot tobe throwninto thesea.With onlyminor injuries,hewas able to helpothers whowere severelyburnt andin terriblepain.After receivingthe orderto abandonship,Louissaved moremen from the water,dragging themintothelifeboat.In thechaos andconfusion afterthe attack,the USNavysent amessage tohis familythat Louishadbeenkilled inthe attack.Luckily,he wasabletoget intouch withthembefore themessage arrived.Despite hisremarkable actions,Louis didnot thinkthathe wasahero,The heroesare theonesthat gavetheir livesthat day,“he said.此时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被炸进海里他只受了轻伤，还能帮助那些严重烧伤、病苦不堪的人在接到弃船的命令后，路易从水中救出了更多的人，把他们拖上了救生艇发生袭击后一片混乱，美国海军给路易的家人发送了条消息，称路易已经在袭击中丧生幸运的是，他在这则消息到家之前已经与家人取得了联系路易虽然做出了非凡的举动，但他并不认为自己是英雄“英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人，”他说Russellwassaved fromthe water,but hewas badlyburnt,bleeding heavily.Fortunately,hewastaken tohospitaland survived.For manyyears,Russell refusedto talkabout whathappened thatmorning,describing itsimply as“hell”.拉塞尔被从海里救了出来，His wifeElsa said,“When heopened uplater on,he alwaysmentioned thehorror ofit.”但他被严重烧伤，大量出血幸运的是，他被送医院并活了下来多年来，拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情，只是简单地把它描述为“地狱工他的妻子埃尔莎说“后来他敞开心扉时，总是提到那次袭击多么可怕”Louis andRussell wouldnever forgetthe terriblescene ofthe attack,but theywere fortunateenough tobe amongthefew survivorsfromtheArizona.Nobody hadexpected thebombing.Japan hadhatched aplot tolaunch asurpriseattack onPearl Harbor,so the attack beganwithout warningand withoutdeclaring war onthe United States.The attackdestroyednearly20American shipsandover180airplanes.In total,morethan2,000American peoplewere killedandover1,000others werewounded thatday.More than1,000people aboardtheArizona lost their lives.Out of37sets ofbrothers,Russell andhis brotherwere theonly fullpair tosurvive the attack.路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记受袭击时的可怕场面，但他们足够幸运，是“亚利桑那号”的少数幸存者没有人料到会有空袭日本策划了突袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以对这次袭击没有发出任何警告，也没有对美国宣战这次击毁了近艘美国军舰和多架飞机当天共有超过名201802,000美国人死亡，多人受伤“亚利桑那号”上有多人丧生在对兄弟中，拉塞尔和1,000L00037他的兄弟是唯一存下来的完整的一对The surpriseattack cameasagreat shocktothewhole nation.The nextday,President Rooseveltdelivered hisfamousPearl HarborSpeech,in whichhe describedDecember7as“a datewhich willlive ininfamy”and askedthat theUSCongress declarewaronJapan.In responsetotheattack andthe presidents address,theUnitedStates joinedtheSecond WorldWar.这次突然袭击使美国全国大为震惊第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的《珍珠港演说），他称月日为“一个耻辱的日子并要求美国国会对日本宣战为了回应这次袭击和总统的演讲，127美国加入了第二次世界大战Today,theUSSArizona lieswhere itsank:inthemiddle ofthe PacificOcean.Its locationis markedwith amemorialshaped likea bridge,which crossestheships sunkenremains.Each year,morethantwo millionpeople visitthememorial.They cometo seethe shadowoftheship atthe bottomof PearlHarbor,to learnabout theattack,to showrespectfor thosewho hadlosttheirlives intheattackand topray forworld peace.Although abouteight decadeshaspassed,theattackonPearlHarbor,oneofthe darkestepisodes inAmerican history,will neverbe forgotten.今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰仍在其沉没的地方:太平洋的中央人们在它所在的位置建了一座桥状的纪念馆，横跨沉船的残骸每年都有多万人参观这个纪念馆游容来到珍港200看那艘船在海底的影子，了解袭击的情况，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示致意，并为世界和平祈祷尽管过去了约年，但美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一珍珠港事件永远不会被人们遗忘80。
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