英语教案-句子成分与结构

星海教育2016年暑假双流校区目标满分班名师培优精讲L讲【教学标题】英语句子成分【教学目标】让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构【教学重点】

1.句子成分的划分

2.句子的主要成分

3.句子的次要成分

4.作各个成分相应的词性【教学难点】

1.句子的主要成分

2.状语的识别

3.定语的识别

4.宾语补足语【教学内容】They listenedcarefully.My homeworkhas finished二.S十V十0主谓宾结构（vt.）』saw afilm yesterday.主谓宾care oftheThey foundtheir homeeasily.They havetaken goodchildren.三.S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）Be,系动词+形容词He isold.主系动表语The storysounds interesting.表语系动词The deskfeels hardHe becomesa teacher.The treesturn yellowin theautumn.四.S十V十01十02主谓双宾结构give,ask sbsthHe gaveme a book.主谓宾1宾2H.brough.m..pen.H.off ere.m.hi.seatHe gotme achair五.S十V十0十c主谓宾补结构They madethe girlangry.宾补They foundher happythat day.I heardthe glassbroken justnow.【过手练习】

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分

1.Th.student,go.o.th.schoo.bus.

2.H.hande.m.th.newspaper.

3..shal.answe.you.questio.afte.class.

4.Wha..beautifu.Chines,painting!

5.The.wen.huntin.togethe.earl.i.th.morning.

6.Hi.jo.i.t.trai.swimmers.

7.H.too.man.photo,o.th.palace,i.Beijing.

8.Ther.i.goin.t.b.a.America.fil.tonight.

9.H.i.t.leav.fo.Shangha.tomorrow.

10.Hi.wis.i.t.becom..scientist.

11.H.manage,t.finis,th.wor.i.time.

12.To.cam.t.as.m.fo.advice.

13.H.foun.i.importan.t.maste.English.

14.D.yo.hav.anythin,els.t.say

15.T.b.honest,you.pronunciatio.i.no.s.good.

16.Woul.yo.pleas,tel.m.you.address

17.H.sa.there,readin..newspaper.

18.I.i.ou.dut.t.kee.ou.classroo.clea.an.tidy.

19.H.notice..ma.ente.th.room.

20.Th.apple,taste,sweet.【拓展训练】

1.选择填空・・

1.・wil.leav.fo.Beijing.A.No.ther.th.ma.......B.Th.ma.her.nowC.Th.ma.wh.i.her.no..D.Th.ma.i.her.now...

2.Th.weathe..A.we.an.col..B.i.we.an.col.C.no.we.an.col.D.wer.we.an.cold...

3.Th.appl.taste..A.sweet....B.sweetl...C.nicel...D.sweet・・・

5.Th.acto.a.th.ag.o.

6..wer.al.ver.tired,bu.non.o..woul.sto.t.tak..rest.A.We.u.・・・B.Us.w・..C.We.ou....D.We.we..

7.H.foun.th.stree.muc..A.crow....B.crowdin..C.crowde....D.crowdedly

2.阅读理解Littl.To.dow.th.stree.call.ou.do・〃Th.kee.dog〃・Zi.i..shee.dog・Bu.whe.To.trie.t.say.Seep〃・i.come.ou・〃keep〃.An.i..wa.To.i.righ t.Zi.i.alway.bringin.thing,hoe.fo.u.t.keep.I

1.tel.yo.abou.som.o.them.Zip・firs,presen.wa..shoe.I.wa.mad.o.gree.silk.W.didn・kno.ho.Zi.foun.th.shoe.Bu.afte..momen.Mary.m.bi.sister.tol.m.th.sho.ha..strang.smell..nodded/点头an・hel.m.nose./zWha.d.yo.thin.i.is〃〃I.smell,lik.somethin,fo.cleaning..thin,someon.trie.t.clea..spo.亏点.of.th.shoe.The.h.pu.i.a.th.doo.t.dry.〃〃Alon・cam.Zip.An.good-by.shoe!..said./W.shoul.tak.i.back.〃〃We can，t〃.said mysistter.〃Mayb.littl.To.i.right,.Mar.said.〃Mayb.Zi.i.・kee.dog!〃

3.阅读短文，根据首字母提示填空，每空一词・Mos.America,familie.ar.smalle.tha.th.familie.i.o.

81.countries.Mos.America,familie.e.

82.hav.on.o.tw.children.C.

83.i.th.U・wil.leav.thei.parents,hom.whe.the.gro.up.The.usuall.liv.fa..

84.thei.parent,becaus.the.wan.t.fin.goo.jobs.The.ofte.w.

85.t.thei.parent,o.telephon.them.An.the,ofte.g.t.visi.thei.parent,o.h.

86.Parent,usuall.Ie.thei.childre.choos.thei.o.

87.jobs.A merican.thin.i.importan.fo.youn.peopl.t.decid.o.thei.live.b.the mselves.・Childre.ar.aske.t.d.som.wor.aroun.thei.house.An.i.man.families,childre.ar.pai.（付钱）fo.d.

88.som.housewor.s.tha.the.lear.ho.t.mak.mone.fo.t hei.ow.use.Do youoften helpy89parents dohousework Doyouwant tolive withyour parentsw90you growup【课后作业】

一、选择填空基础题组训练（五题）

1.The oldman feedsfour.A.pigg・..B.pige..C.pig.・.D.pi.

2.Please rememberto givethe horsesome tree.A.leaf..B.leave..C.lea...D.leave

3.Would youlike somethingto drink,__________or coffeeA.te...B.frui..C.brea...D.meat

4.Mr.Whit.ha..beautifu.garde,wit.many・i.it.A.flower..B.gras..C.village..D.water

5.There areseven ina week.A.daye..B.day...C.dayie..D.day拔高题组训练（十题）

1.一Mom,could youpass mesome Its delicious.一OK.bu.onl..little.A.butte..B.apple..C.tomatoe.D.sandwiches

2.一What sin thecupboard一A few,but little.A.apples,coffe...B.coffee,applesC.apple,coffee...D.coffees,apples、

6.The farmerraised ten.A.sheep..B.deer..C.hors...D.cows

7、Why notgive Lindasome She has failedin Chineseseveral times.A.notic..B.suggestio.C.advic.D.warning

8、When wesaw LiuXiang sface,we knewwas bad.A.som.new.B..new..C.th.new..D.news

9、I wonderwhy areinterested inaction films.A.peopl..B.people..C.th.peopl.D.th.peoples10Ther.i.goo.fo.you.P v.foun.th.watch.A.new..B.idea..C.message..D.thoughts疑难题组训练（五题）

1.1think theteenagers shouldtry toimprove theirliving.A.activitie..B.skill..C.memor..D.success

2、一Mum.somethin,i.wron.wit.m.teeth..can teatanything.一What aboutseeing aat onceA.designe..B.dentis.C.directo..D.detective

3、Mike andhis friendare goingto theto seethenew actionmovie tonight.A.booksho..B.restauran..C.concer..D.cinema

4.They gotmuch fromthose newbooks.A.idea.•B.photo..C.informatio..D.stories

5.We oftenuse themobile phoneto sendtext toour friends.A.menu..B.message..C.advic..D.warning

2.阅读理解A.ol.lad.i..plan.ha..blanket（毯子）ove.he.hea.an.sh.di.no.wan.t.tak.i.of..Th.ai.hostes.spok.t.her.bu.th.ol.lad.said.”.hav.neve.bee.i..plan,befor..an..a.frightened..a.goin.t.kee.t hi.blanke.ove.m.hea.unti.w.ar.bac.o.th.groun.agai.!”The.th.captai.came.H.said.“Madam..a.th.captai.o.thi.plane.Th.weathe.i.fine.ther.ar.n.cloud.i.th.sky.an.everythin,i.goin.ver.well.”Bu.sh.continue,t.hide.S.th.captai.turne.an.starte.t.g.back.The.th.ol.lad.looke.ou.fro・unde.th.blanke.wit.on.ey.an.said.”.a.sorry,youn.man.bu..don.lik.plane,an..a.neve.goin.t.fl.ag ain.Bu.I

1.sa.on.thing.Sh.continue,kindly.“Yo・an.you.wif.kee.you.plan.ver.clean!”

2.A.Sh.didn’.wan.t.A.tak.i・off・・B.tur.i.off・・C.ge.on..D.tai.abou.it

3.・spok.t.he..A.Th.ai.hostess.B.Th.ma.nex.t.her..C.he.husband.D.on.o.he.friends

4.Th.ol.lad.ha.neve.bee..befor..A.abroad・・B.home..C.i..plane..D.i.hospital

5.Th.woma.didn’.lik.plane,an.sh.wa.neve.goin.A.t.f Lagain..B.t.travel..C.t.g.abroad..D.t.g.home

3.分析下列句子成分

1.Ou.schoo.i.no.fa.fro.m.home.

2.I.i..grea.pleasur.t.tai.wit.yo.

3.Al.o・u.considere.hi.honest...

4.M.grandfathe.bough,m..pai.o.sp ort.shoes.

5.H.brok..piec.o.glass......

6.H.mad.i.clea.tha.h.woul.leav.th.city.

7.・lov.yo.mor.tha.her,chil..

8.Tee.tur.gree.whe.sprin.comes.

9.The.pushe.th.doo.open.......

10.Grandm.tol.m.a.interestin.stor.1as.night.句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分有主要成分和次要成分主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语A.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示..一句话语法.主语由名词性的词来充当.例如During the1990s,American countrymusic hasbecome moreand morepopular.（名词）Th.student,al.lov.thei.Englis.teacher.We oftenspeak Englishin class.（代词）They goto schoolby bus.One-third ofthe studentsin thisclass aregirls.（数词）To swimin theriver isa greatpleasure.（不定式）To seeis tobelieve.Smoking doesharm tothe health.（动名词）Watchin.T.to.muc.i.ba.fo.you.eyes.It.n.us.regrettin.it.The richshould helpthe poor.（名词化的形容词）When weare goingto havean Englishtest hasnot beendecided.（主语从句）It isnecessary tomaster aforeign language,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）B.谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语一句话语法谓语由动词充当有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.

1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为与物动词和不与物动词

（1）、与物动词作谓语W.shoul.hel.eac.other.The.respec.on.another...Al.o.th.student,lik.th.novel.Did yousee manypeople there

（2）、不与物动词作谓语..H.lef.her.yesterday...You r.drivin.to.fast.・・Th.teache.cam.in.boo.i.hand.He wentabroad in the Septemberof

1988.

（3）连系动词表状态・・H・i.a.excellen.teacher...He.so.i..frien.o.ours.Ours isa greatcountry...Th.bo.itsel.i.no.s.heavy.

2.谓语的构成如下..

（1）、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成如H.practice,runnin.ever,morning...

（2）、复合谓语（a）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.如Yo.ma.kee.th.boo.fo.tw.weeks.H.ha.caugh..ba.cold,（b）由系动词力口表语构成如W.ar.students.C.表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词与表语从句表示一句话语法表语使用形容词，不用副词！例如Our teacherof Englishis anAmerican.（名词）They arebrother andsister.Joh.i.captai.o.th.team.Is it yours（代词）Wha..wan.t.sa.i.this.Th.poo.bo.wa.myself.The weatherhas turnedcold.（形容词）The speechis exciting.（分词）Three timesseven istwenty one（数词）He.fathe.i.sixty-five.His jobis toteach English.（不定式）All youneed dois totake ataxi fromthe airport.His hobby（爱好）is playingfootball.（动名词）My favouritesport isswimming.The machinemust beout oforder.（介词短语）注意副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词，不用副词！我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究，这点请大家一定要记住例如Tim.i.up.Th.clas.i.over.（副词）The truthis thathehasnever beenabroad.（表语从句）D.宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于与物动词和介词后面充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子一句话语法宾语由名词性的词充当，宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如Theywent tosee anexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavyrainprevented meform comingto schoolon time.（代词）How manydictionaries doyou haveI havefive.（数词）They helpedthe oldwith theirhousework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretendednot tosee me.（不定式短语）I enjoylistening topopular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he isfit forhis office.（宾语从句）

（2）宾语种类

（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如Lend meyourdictionary,please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子give meabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.复合宾语（宾语+宾补）,例如:The.electe.hi.thei.monitor.E.宾语补足语英语中有些与物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系带有宾语补足语的一般句型为某些与物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当一句话语法宾语补足语使用形容词，不用副词.例如His fathernamed himDongming.（名词）They paintedtheir boatwhite.（形容词）Yo.mus.kee.i.clean.To.foun.th.dim.quit.easy.Let thefresh airin.（副词）You mustnt forcehim tolend hismoney toyou.（不定式短语）I havealot ofwork todo.She hasplenty ofclothes towear.He mademe repeatthe storyWesaw herentering theroom.（现在分词）.hav.th.ca.waiting.Why dontyouhave yourhair cut（-ed分词）W.ha.th.machin.repaired.I hadmy watchstolen yesterdayWefound everythingin thelab ingood order.（介词短语）We willsoon makeour citywhat yourcity isnow.（从句）（注意后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,get,think,make等；动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listen to,look at等，使役动词如let,have,make等，动词不定式不带to）F.定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，是句子中的次要成分可分为前置定语和后置定语一般有形容词，形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如Guilin isa beautifulcity.（形容词）・・Mr.Gree.ha.tw.sons.（数词）Th.ma.downstair,couldn’.slee.well.（副词.China isa developingcountry;America isa developedcountry.（分词）...ma.goin.t.di.i.alway.kind-hearted...Th.suggestio.sen.t.th.committe.wa.adopted.There arethirty womenteachers isour school.（名词）・・Ca.yo.fin.ou.th.answe.t.th.question.His rapidprogress inEnglish madeus surprised.（代词）Our monitoris alwaysthe firstto enterthe classroom.（不定式短语）Would youlike somethingto drinkTheteaching planfor nextterm hasbeen workedout.（动名词）A barkingdog seldombites.He isreading anarticle abouthow tolearn English.（介词短语）Th.gir.unde.th.tre.i.Kate.D.yo.kno.th.ma.wh.i.standin.nex.t.Mr.Green（从句）G.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子一句话语法状语用副词,不用形容词，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当例如Light travelsmost quickly.（副词与副词性词组）He haslived inthe cityfor tenyears.（介词短语）He isproud tohave passedthe nationalcollege entranceexamination.（不定式短语）He isintheroom makinga modelplane.（分词短语）Wait aminute.（名词）Once youbegin,you mustcontinue.（状语从句）H.句子结构（S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；=宾语；01=间接宾语；02=直接宾语；c=宾语补足语）一.S十V主谓结构I（vi.）I_swim.。