Chapter-1---Land-and-people1

Chapter1Land andpeople英国？

1.What arethe namesthat cometo yourmind whenpeople referto1Britain2Great Britain3England4The British Isles5The United Kingdom orthe U.K.

2.What arethese namesexactly refertoGreat Britain,the UnitedKingdom and the BritishIsles donot meanthe samething.Strictly speaking,the BritishIsles,Great Britain,and Englandare geographicalnames.Great BritainEnglan.i.par.o.a.islan.calle.Grea.Britain.th.larges.islan.i.Europe.Grea.Britai.i.th.officia.nam.give.t.th.th.tw.kingdom.o.Englan.an.Scotland.an.th.principalit.o.Wales.I.als.include.th.smal.adjacen.island.excep.th.Channe.Island.an.th.Isl.o.Man.Sometime.peopl.us.th.shorte.nam.Britai.instea.o.Grea.Britain.The termGreat Britain*was used for thefirst timewhen England and Scotlandbecame asingle kingdomunderKing JamesVI of Scotland whobecame KingJames Iof Englandin

1603.Great Britainis made up ofEnglan..Th.capita.i.London.Scotland-The capitalis Edinburgh.Wale..Th.capita.i.Cardiff.Wales-The capitalis Cardiff.United KingdomTh.Unite.Kingdo.consist.o.Grea.Britai..th.mai.islan.mad.u.o.England.Scotian.an.Wale..a n.Norther.Ireland.Th.Unite.Kingdo.o.Grea.Britai.an.Norther.Irelan.UK.wa.forme.i.o.Januar..

180.an.constitute.th.greate.par.o.th.Britis.lsles.Th.larges.o.th.island.i.Grea.Britain.whic.comprise.England.Scotian.an.Wales.Th.nex.larges.i.Ireland.comprisin.Norther.lreland.whic.i.par.o.th.UK.and.i.th.south.th.Iris.Republic.The UnitedKingdom is made up ofEnglan..Th.capita.i.London.Scotland-The capitalis Edinburgh.Wale..Th.capita.i.Cardiff.Northern Ireland-The capitalis Belfast.The capitalof theUK isLondon.The BritishIslesTh.Britis.Isle.includ.th.UK.Grea.Britain.an.othe.island.suc.a.Irelan.an.th.Channe.Islands.The BritishIsles consistsof:•Great Britain England,Scotland and Wales•The wholeof Ireland•The Orkneyand ShetlandIslands•The Isleof Man•The Innerand OuterHebrides•The Isleof Wight•Scilly Islands•Lundy Island•The ChannelIslands•Plus manyother offshoreislands TheBritishIslesismadeupofEnglan..Th.capita.i.London.Scotland-The capitalis Edinburgh.Wale..Th.capita.i.Cardiff.Northern Ireland-The capitalis Belfast.Republic ofIreland-The capitalis Dublin.And aboutfive thousandsmallislands.Summery:Great BritainScotlandWales IU.K.2large islandsNorthernIrelandIrelandRepublic ofIreland

19493.What is the officialname ofBritain1The UnitedKingdom ofGreat Britainand NorthernIsland2For short:Britain,the UnitedKingdom orU.K.*The UnionJack—refers to the Union Flag orthe Nationalflag of the UnitedKingdom—It iscalled theUnionFlagbecause itrepresents theemblems of the fourcountries unitedunderone Sovereign-the kingdomsof EnglandandWales,ofScotlandand ofIreland althoughsince1921only NorthernIreland has been partof theUnitedKingdom.—Although thename UnionJack*is thepopular nameby whichthe flagis knowntotheworld,it shouldstrictly,perhaps,only beusedforthe flagwhen itis flownas ajack a small flagflownat thebow ofa ship;government documentsgenerally preferunion flag”as themoreuniversally correctterm

4.Why dopeople oftenuse Englandand English”to referto Britain”and“BritishEngland isthe largest,post populous,andtherichest.Largeness SizePop.England biggest60%85%{Scotland2nd largest30%1/10Wales smallest9%5%、England

5.British imperialexpansion“The sunnever setson theBritish Empire”1Ruled1/4of theworlds populationand1/4of worldsland2Had coloniesin NorthAmerica,Asia,Africa,AustrialiaBritish IslesHundredsofsmall islands

6.British CommonwealthCommonwealth ofNationsThe termCommonwealth9hasbeenused toreplace theword Empireto describecollectively theindependentcountries associatedunder theBritish crow1A freeassociation ofcountries usedto beEnglish colonies253member countriesat present3Functions:active ina numberof areasincluding development,democracy,debt managementandtrade.

1.ILGeographica.features

2.Geographical positionTh.Unite.Kingdo.o.Grea.Britai.an.Norther.Irelan.UK.i.situate.north-wes.o.th.Europea.continen.betwee.th.Atlanti.Ocea.an.th.Nort.Sea.I.ha..tota.lan.are.o.244,

10.squar.kilometres.o.whic.nearl.

99.i.lan.an.th.remainde.inlan.water.Fro.nort.t.sout.i.i.abou.l,

00.kilometre.long.1Northwest of Europe2North AtlanticOcean3Separated fromthe restofEuropeby the English Channel

3.Geographical features1An islandcountry,surrounded bysea2Highlands in the northand west3Lowlands in the eastand southeastC.farming43natural zonesin ScotlandImportantrole ofrivers inthe countryseconomy

1.Important Rivers1the SevernRiverA.the longestinthecountryB.only338kilos long2the ThamesRiverA.the2nd longestB.the mostimportant riverC.336kilos longD.Oxford andLondon areon theriver3River ClydeA.the mostimportant inScotlandB.important commercialwaterway

2.the LakeDistrict1in northwestEnglandandNorth Wales2popular touristattractions3the homeoftheLake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel TaylorColeridgeC.Robert Southey

1.IV.Climate

2.Typical featureof BritainsclimateaOther countrieshave aclimate;inEnglandwe haveweather.The statementis oftenmade byEnglishmen todescribe thepeculiar meteorologicalconditionsof theircountry.A maritimetype ofclimate1rainy---abundant rainfallTheuncertainty aboutthe weathertends tomake the Englishmen cautious.“A foreignermay laughwhen hesees theEnglishman settingforth ona brilliantlysunnymorning wearinga raincoatand carryingan umbrella,but hemay wellregret hislaughter laterinthe day!”2changeable andunpredictable,no clearcut of4seasons3Ln.countr.othe.tha.England.i.ha.bee.said.ca.on.experienc.fou.season.i.th.cours.o..singl.day.Da.ma.brea.a..balm.sprin.morning.a.hou.o.s.late.blac.cloud.ma.hav.appeare.fro.nowher.an.th.rai.ma.b.pourin.down.A.midda.condition.ma.b.realLwintr.wit.th.temperatur.dow.b.abou.eigh.degree.o.mor.centigrade.An.then.i.th.lat.afternoo.th.sk.wil.clear.th.su.wil.begi.t.shine.an.fo.a.hou.o.tw.befor.darknes.falls.i.wil.b.summer.4Mild:no extremesInEngland onecan experiencealmost everykind ofweather exceptthe mostextreme,temperature:4-6℃in winter,12-17℃in summer

3.Factors influencingthe climate1the surroundingwaters2the prevailingsouth-west winds3the NorthAtlantic Driftwarm current

4.Rainfall1a steadyreliable rainfallthroughout theyear2uneven distributionof rainA.a watersurplus inthe northand westB.a waterdeficit inthe southand east

1.

2.Population ofBritain:characteristics1Densely populatedVerylarge populationfor suchasmallcountry.2Highly urbanized90%ofthepopulation isurban andonly10%rural3Unevenly distributedThepopulation ismadeupmainly ofcomposition ofBritish populationA.theEnglish

81.5%B.the Scottish

9.6%C.the Welsh

1.9%D.the Irish

2.4%

3.Different ancestors1theEnglish——the Anglo-Saxons2the Scots,Welsh,and Irish——the Celts

4.Differences incharacter andspeech betweensouthern andnorthern England1Southerners speakthe typeof Englishcloser toBBC English2Generali.speaking.southerner.spea.th.typ.o.Englis.close.t.BB.English.The.d.no.hav..specia.accen.excep.th.Cockney.fro.th.Eas.En.o.London.3Northerners speak broader EnglishHowever,the northernersspeakbroaderEnglish thanthe southerners,and oftenleave out，the articlethe andthe possessiveadjectives“my”,your,their etc.

5.The waythe Welshkeep theirlanguage andculture aliveThroughEisteddfodau EisteddfodTh.Eisteddfo.literall.sitting

1.i..Wels.festiva.o.literature.music.an.song.Th.traditio.o.sue..meetin.o.Wels.artist.date.bac.t.a.leas.th.l2t.century.The mostimportant eisteddfodistheNational Eisteddfod,held annuallyand usuallyalternatingbetween Northand SouthWales,and takingplace entirelyintheWelsh language.1The Welshare musiclovers andare proudof theirpast.2Throughout theyear theyhave festivalsof song,dance andpoetry calledEisteddfodau,holdcompetitions inWelsh poetry,music,singing andart tokeep theWelsh languageand culturealive.。