初一英语学习知识点总结详解版

初一英语学习知识点总结

一、初一英语语法一一词法

1、名词A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下——）在后面力口So如fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后力口es如boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如baby-babies,2）以元音字母力口y结尾的直接力口s如day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以结尾加s（外来词）如radios,photos,但如是辅音加的加es如tomatoes西红柿，potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es（s）如knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有fish,sheep,deer鹿子，Chinese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局，警察，class班，同学，family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词如action movie-actionmovies,pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数如man doctor-men doctors,woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同如fish鱼fishes鱼的种类，paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文，work工作works作品，工厂，glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜，orange桔子水oranges橙子，light光线lights灯，people人peoples民族，time时间times时代，次数，chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加S或So如Is（r s）,Ks（K s）但如是缩略词则只加s如IDs,VCDs,SARso十二）特殊形式的有child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式构成如下一）单数在后面加So如brother s,Mike s,teacher,s二）复数以S结尾的直接在S后加，如果不是以S结尾的与单数一样处理如:Teachers Day教师节，classmates;Children sDay六一节，Women sDay三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理如Mike and Ben,s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike s andBens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数I memy minemyself复数we usour oursourselves第二人称单数you you your yoursyourself复数youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人称单数she herher hersherselfhe himhis hishimselfit itits itsthis thatitself复数they themtheir theirsthese thosethemselves

3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:一）一般在词后加S如comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后力口es如watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s如plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es如does,goes五）特殊的有are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下——）——般在后力口ing如spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing如dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing如put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing如tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式构成如下一）一般在词后加er或est（如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st）如greater-greatest,shorter-shortest,taller-tallest,longer-longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母（字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest）结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est如big-bigger biggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotter hottest三）以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est如happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendlymostfriendly）,busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况（两好多坏，一少老远）good/well-better bestmany/much-more mostbad/ill-worse worstlittle-less leastold-older/elder oldest/eldestfar-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词（基变序，有规则；

一、

二、三，自己背；

五、

八、

九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去）first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英语语法------句式

1.陈述句肯定陈述句a）This isa book.（be动词）b）He looksvery young.（连系动词）c）I want a sweatlike this.（实义动词）d）I canbring somethings toschool.（情态动词）e）There sa computeron mydesk.（There be结构）否定陈述句a）These aren t theirbooks,b）They dont looknice.c）Kate doesnt goto No.4Middle School,d）Kate can t findher doll.e）There isn t acat here.（=There sno cathere.）

2.祈使句肯定祈使句a Pleasego andask theman.b Let s learnEnglish!c Comein,please.否定祈使句a Don,t belate,b Dont hurry.

3.疑问句1一般疑问句a IsJim astudent bCan1help youc Doesshe likesaladd Do they watchTV eIs shereading肯定回答:a Yes,he is.b Yes,you can.c Yes,she does,d Yes,they do.e Yes,she is.否定回答a No,he isnt.b No,you cant.c No,she doesnt.d No,theydon t.e No,she isnt.2选择疑问句Is thetable bigor small回答It sbig./It ssmall.3特殊疑问句

①问年龄How oldis LucyShe istwelve.

②问种类What kindof moviesdo you like I like actionmovies andcomedies.3问身体状况How isyour uncleHe iswell/fine.4问方式How do/can youspell itL-double0-K.How dowe contactyou Mye-mail addressis cindyjones@

163.com.5问原因Why do you want to join the club6问时间What sthe time=What timeis itIt sa quarterto tena.m..What timedoyou usually getup,Rick Atfive o clock.When doyou wantto goLetsgo at7:

00.7问地方Where smy backpackIt sunder thetable.

⑧问颜色What colorare theyThey arelight blue.What syour favouritecolor It s black.

⑨问人物Who,s thatIt smy sister.Who isthe boyin blueMy brother.Who isnt atschool Peterand Emma.Who areLisa andTim talkingto⑩问东西What sthis/that inEnglish Itsapencil case.What elsecan yousee in the pictureI cansee somebroccoli,strawberries andhamburgers.11问姓名What syour aunts nameHer nameis Helen./She,s Helen.What syour first name Myfirstnames Ben.What syour family name Myfamilynames Smith.12问哪一个Which doyoulikeIlikeone in the box.13问字母What letteris itItsbig D/small f.14问价格How muchare thesepants They re15dollars.15问电话号码What syour phonenumber Its576-

8349.16问谓语（动作）What she doingHe swatching TV.17问职业（身份）What doyou doI ma teacher.What syour fatherHe sa doctor.

三、初一英语语法一一时态

1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有Be动词She sa worker.Is shea workerShe isntaworker.t青态动词I canplay thepiano.Can youplay thepiano Icantplay thepiano.行为动词They wantto eatsome tomatoes.Dotheywantto eat any tomatoes Theydont wanttoeatanytomatoes.Gina hasa nice watch.Does Ginahave anicewatchGina doesnt havea watch.

2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb bev-ingsth+其它.I mplaying baseball.Are youplaying baseballI mnot playingbaseball.Nancy iswriting aletter.Is Nancywriting aletter Nancyisntwriting aletter.Theyrelistening tothe popmusic.Are theylistening the pop musicTheyarentlistening tothepopmusic.

四、初一英语语法一一介词用法1）具体时间前介词用ato・He getsup athalf pastseven everyday.他每天七/点半起床She goesto bedat elevenoclock.她H\点睡觉2）表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in,且定冠词the不能省略；表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at,不加冠词inthemorning在早上，intheafternoon在下午，intheevening在晚上at noon在中午，at night在夜里3）表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词nWhat doyouusuallydo onMonday morning星期一上午你通常做什么？Do yousometimes goout toeat onFriday evening有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？He watchesDVDs onSaturday night.星期六晚上他看DVDParents takechildren toparks onJune

1.六月——日,家长们带着孩子去公园4）在this,last,next,every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词What areyou doingthis afternoon今天下午你做什么？He visitshis grandmaevery Friday.他每个星期五都去看望祖母She isgoing toShanghai nextMonday.她下个星期一去上海。