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小学英语四种时态总结PEP
一、一般现在时标志词（总是）（通常）（经常）（有时）「（从不）（每always usuallyoften sometimesneve every一）行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称后有词形变化，其他人称（第一人称；第二人称；第三人称复数、）动词均用原形当主语I,we youthey myfriends是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律、多数在动词后加1s play-plays like-likes,、以结尾的动词力「2s,x,sh,ch,o eswash-washes catch-catches do-does、以辅音字母加结尾，把改再加3y y i esfly—flies study—studies、以元音字母加结尾，直接加4y sbuy-buys、不规则变化一5have has一般现在时基本用法功能.表示事物或人物的特征、状态如.天空是蓝色的1The sky is blue,表示经常性或习惯性的动作如,我每天六点起床2I getup atsix everyday.表示客观现实如.地球绕着太阳转3The earthgoes around the sunThe earth isround.构成动词:主语（「）其它如.
1.be+be am,is,a e+I am a boy我是一个男孩.行为动词主语+行为动词（其它）如.我们学习英语2+We studyEnglish句型肯定句动词主语+其它成分A.be be+He is a worker.行为动词主语+动词（注意人称变化）+其它成分B.We like the little cat.否定句动词主语++其它成分A.be be+not Theyare notstudents.行为动词主语+助动词（）+动词原形+其它成分B.do/does+notWe dontlikethelittlecat.一般疑问句动词+主语+其它成分A.be Am/Is/AreAre youa teacherYes,I am./No,I amnot.Are theystudents ofyour school.Yes they are/No theyaren,t.行为动词助动词（）+主语+动词原形+其它成分B.Do/DoesDo youlike it Yes,I do./No.I dont.（）（）（）,特Does he she likeitYes,he she does./No,heshedoesn t.殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句动词A.be Howmany studentsare therein yourschool行为动词B.What doyou usuallydo onSunday能够，会可以将，要应该必须can may shall should must不得不最好have has to had better情态动词的用法:情态动词肯定句否定句主语+动词原形主语+动词原形can can+can+not+主语+动词原形主语+动词原形may may+may+not+主语+动词原形主语+动词原形shall shall+shall+not+主语+动词原形主语+动词原形shoul should+should+not+主语+动词原形主语+动词原形dmust+must+not+主语+mus主语+动词原形dont doesnt+have has to have hasto+动词原形t havehasto+主语+动词原形主语+动词原形had hadbetter+hadbetter+not+better疑问句否定回答情态动词肯定回答主语+动词原形？〜Can+No,cant.〜can Yes,can.主语+动词原形？〜mayshallMay+No,may not.〜主语+动词原形？Yes,may./Sure.should Shall+No Jetsnot.+主语+动词原形〜must haveShould No,shouldnt.Yes,please./All right.主语+动词原形？〜has Must+No,neednt.〜Yes,should.+主语+〜Do doesNo,dont doesnt.t+动词原形？〜have toYes,must.ohad〜Yes,do does.better
三、名词复数规则——般情况下，直接力□一如
1.s,book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以结尾,力口-如
2.s.x.sh.ch es,bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches以“辅音字母结尾，变为再加-如
3.+y”yi,es,family-families,strawberry-strawberries以或结尾，变或为再加-如
4.“f fe”f fev,es,knife-knives不规则名词复数
5.man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化，如下表:情况构成方法例词一般情况在词尾+S desk-desks,apple-apples以-结尾的词在词尾+es class-classes,box-boxespeach-peaches,dish-dishes以辅音字母加结尾的词变为再y yi+es factory-factories,family-families在词尾以元音字母加结尾的词+s day-days,boy-boys,key-keyy以或结尾的词变或为再f fef fev+es knife-knives,wife-wivesleaf-leaves,life-lives以辅音字母结尾的词有生命的无生命o+es potato-potatoes,hero-heroes的以结尾的+S00+S photo-photos技巧归纳改为加口诀fe ves常用不规则名词复数形式脚人男人女2foot-feet man-men woman-women牙老鼠小孩鹅tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese child-children单复数同形鱼里斤3fish lijin元亩羊日本人手段小鹿中国人单复名词同yuan musheep meansdeerChinese Japanese形中国人日本人都爱绵羊鹿和鱼.树叶半数自己黄妻子拿刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼就像小偷逃命忙1两位男医生很多女领导two mendoctors manywomen leaders只有复数形式，没有单数形式4高频考点作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式man woman裤子衣月艮短裤商品眼镜鞋trousers clothesshorts goodsglasses shoes常用不可数名词5建议行李面包雨钢沙草金advice baggagebread rainsteel sandgrass gold玻璃油纸盐漂亮零钱黄油glass oilpaper saltbeauty changeinformation butter信息作业布食品钱茶水smoke homeworkcloth foodmoney teawater雪snow财富家具棉花「大米水果牛奶wealth furniturecotton icefruit milk
四、介词口诀:介词的用法早、午、晚要用黎明、午夜、点与分in,at年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in将来时态…以后，小处大处in atin有形无形语言、单位、材料with by,in特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in介词和表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分at to日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日关于、基础、靠、著论on,着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准特定时日和“一……就”，后常接动名词on年、月、日加早、午、晚，之前代of onin步行、驴、马、玩笑则用on,cab,caniage in山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心at工具、和、同随止具有、独立、就、原因w h,就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分海、陆、空、车、偶、被单数、人类by,know toman、、、this thattomorrow,yesterday,next lastone接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯「正上下，、贝不然，over undeabove belowU若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关’超出、无、不能，靠着，对与反beyond against分内夕卜，之内沿besides,except amongalong同类比较加异类记心间except,for原状、、表语形容词because of,owing todue to「后接修、建中，、「物、化分unde off om「表一点，、「表一段before afteago late能接完成时，过去极有限before ago以来间,时态多变换since duringsince与之相比除了beside,last butone复不定「、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞fo快到、对、向工、学、军、城、北、上、南towards,「否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言but fo型由于鉴，除了除外与包合ing之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全内外表位置，山、水、国界在前in toto
五、代词的用法.主格1you heshe itwe they宾格me youhim herit usthem形容词性物主代词my yourhis herits ourtheir名词性物主代词mine yourshis hersits ourstheirsyourself/反身代词myself himselfherself itselfourselves themselvesyourselves主格一般放在句子前，做主语.宾格一般放在动词，介词（「、、）后.形容词性物主代词修饰名词,放在名词前.名词性物fo toof---主代词代表名词,后不跟名词.反身代词及其一般用法反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气反身代词的分类单数我自己单复数我们自己第一人myself ourselves
1.数你自己单复数你们自己称yourself yourselvesherself数他自己她自己它自己himself itself第二人
2.复数他们自己、她们自己、它们自己themselves反身代词在句子中的用法作表语她今天跟平常真是判若两人
1.Shes notherself today..作宾语请随便吃点鱼2Please help yourself tosome fish.,作介宾我自学英语3I learnedEnglish bymyself.他自己能做那件事He cando thathimself.here be有，表示存在单数、不可数名词「复数There is+There a e+句型结构There be”肯定句主语某人/某物+某地There be+There isaboy in the room.否定句主语+某地一般疑问句There be+not any+There arentany bookson thedesk.、主语+某地“Be isare there+any+，“Yes thereis/are.No,there isnt/arent.It+be谈论天气说到时间Its going to rain.Its timeto go to school.距离远近情况程度nIts farto getthere.Its hardto learn.
六、连词的用法
一、并列连词:连接
1.and Mybrother and I studyin thesame school.单词连接Our knowledgemay comefrom thebooks andfrom practice.短语连接句子We aresinging andtheyaredancing.但是/而是
2.but orI havea penbut nopencil.或者Will yougo thereby busor onfoot除
3.nothing but只有了,I didnothing butwatch it.「表示否则
4.0Hurry upor youwill belate.表示因为
5.forHe isgood atmath forhe studiesharder thanothers.表示后句概念由前句转折而来
6.stillThe weatheris verycold,still weneedn twear moreclothes.不仅…而且可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子
7.not only…but also主语并列时，谓语要就近一致Not onlyhe butalso I amateacher.以及，同样并列单词、短语、句子
8.as wellas并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化He worksas wellas hecan
9.either---or既…又…，或…或…并列主、谓、宾、表及状语Either comein orgo out.既不…也不并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，
10.neither-nor并列主语时，谓语就近一致Neither younor hespeaks French.和,既…也并列主、谓、宾及表语
12.both-andIcan playboth footballand basketball.也不，引导句子要倒装
13.nor Hecan notspeak English,nor canI.You likeapples,so doI.
二、从属连词表示“时间”，在…之后
1.afterAfter Ifinished theschool,I becamea workerin thefactory.表示让步,“尽管
2.although/though Althoughshe isyoung,she knowsa lot.表示时间，“当…时”，方式“象…”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然”
3.asAs itwas late,we must go now.表方式，“似乎、好像”
4.as if/as thoughHetold issuch astory asthough hehad beenthere before.表条件，“只要”
5.as long as/so longas Aslongas I amfree,I IIgo tohelpyou.表时间,“----------就・・・
6.as soon as I will phoneyou assoonasI comeback.表原因，“因为
7.because I have tostay inbed becauseI amill.表时间，“在…之前
8.before You should thinkmore beforeyou do it.表让步，“即使
9.even if/even thoughYou shouldtry againeven ifyou failed.「表时间,“（刚）------就“
10.ha dly…when HardlyI enteredthe gatewhen thebell rang.“假如，引导条件状语从句
11.if Whatshould Ido netif,the raindoesn tstop“是否”，引导宾语从句I dont knowif hecomes backor not.表目的，“以防，以免”
12.In caseYoushouldbe morecareful incase thereisafire.表目的，“为了，以便”
13.ln order thatWe studyhard inorderthat we canpass theexam.+疑问词表让步，“无论，不管”
14.no matterNomatter whatyou do,you shouldtry yourbest.“刚一…就…”表时
15.no sooner---than间,No soonerhad Icome homethan itbegan torain.因为，由于“表原因，“既然,
16.now thatNowthat youare onduty,you shouldclean theclassroom.Once youpromise,you shoulddoit.
三、其他表时间，“自从…以来
1.since Hehas beenin thiscompany sincehe leftschool.表原因，“既然，由于Since thejob is dangerous,lets doit morecarefully.表条件,“就…而言，就…而论”
2.so faras/as faras表结果“如此，以致”As farasIknow,it iseasy foryou tospeak inEnglish.表示比较，“比”
4.than表目无的词“义以，便引”导名词性从句
53.so th.tahtat Speakloud sothat everybodycan hearclearly.引导定语从句和状语从句He gotup solate thathe missedthe bus.Things were表条件，“除非，如果不”
6.unless worsethan wethought.表时间，“直到…为止”
7.Until/till Itisdangerousthatwewalk onthe thinice.表时间，“当…时”
8.when Shehurried thatshe mightnot belate forwork.“是否”引导名词性从I willgotothe zoounless itrains.
9.whether句Lil waittill hecomes back.When theygot there,the trainhas left.Whether hecan someto seeus isunknown.表让步,“不管/无论、是否Whether she is illor well,sheisalways happy.表时间，“当…时
10.while Whilehe wasin Beijing,he visitedthe GreatWall.表让步,“尽管,既然“While I find theproblems verydifficult,I dont thinkthem insoluble.表时间，“无论什么时候
11.whenever Wheneveryou meetany trouble,tell meat once.一般现在时动词和的变化形式be have.动词叫连系动词，用法第一人称单数用第三人称单数用其它人称用「1Be am,is,a e.动词的用法第三人称单数用以外，其它人称一律用如2havehashave注意事项.在英国，人们常用代替特别在疑问句和否定句中1have gothave,.当如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词如2have do,does I have否.（表示有）a new pen.Ihavenot anewpen否.（表示吃）Ihave lunch at12oclock.I donthavelunchat12oclock二.现在进行时:标志词时间.now,look,listen,lts+现在进行时表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构肯定句:主语+动词现在分词其他否定句主语+动词be am,are,is+ing+I amwatching TV.be+现在分词其他一般疑问句动词主语+现not+ing+I amnot watching TV.Be Am,Are,Is+在分词其他ing+Are youwatchingTVYes,I am./No,I amnot.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句What areyou doing动词的-ing形式的变化规律直接力口一
1.ing watch—watchingclean—cleaning以-结尾的动词，直接加
2.y-ing study—studying play—playing以不发音的-结尾的动词，先去-再加-
3.eeing make—making come—coming末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，
4.双写末尾字母，再加-ing cut—cutting
三、一般将来时的用法表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态标志词（明天），（后天），（下一个），tomorrow theday aftertomorrow nextfrom nowon（从现在开始），（将来），（不久）等in thefuture soon结构（）（）动词原形（）动词原形动词原形（打1be am,is,are+going to+2will+“be going to+算…）”动词原形（将，会…）”=will+Im goingto study tomorrow.Iwillstudytomorrow.般不用考虑着重于事先考虑好未事先考虑好be goingto will肯定句:主语+动词原形.be am,are,is goingto+主语+动词原形will+否定句:主语+动词原形.be am,are,is notgoingto+主语+动词原形.wont+一般疑问句（）主语+动词原形Be Am,Are,Is+goingto+主语+动词原形？Will+特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句？注意常简略为并与主语连写在一起,如will II,LIL hell,itll,well,you,ll,theylL
四、一般过去时标志词:（昨天），（上一个），（今天早上），（以前）,yesterday lastthis morningago（在…之前），（在年）等before in20022002用法表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则一般在动词末尾加-如
1.ed watch-watched,cook-cooked结尾是加如
2.edtaste-tasted末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加如
3.-ed,stop-stopped以“辅音字母结尾的,变为再加-如
4.+y”yi,ed,study-studied不规则动词过去式・・・
5.am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave句型、动词在一般过去时中的变化1Be（和变为否定（）Dam is was wasnot=wasn t⑵「变为「否定（「「）a ewe ewe enot=we ent否定句在或后加was werenot一般疑问句把或调到句首was were、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化2否定句:,动词原形如didn t+Jim didntgo home yesterday.一般疑问句在句首加句子中的动词过去式变回原形如Did,Did Jimgohomeyesterday特殊疑问句（）疑问词主语+动词原形？如1+did+What didJim doyesterday（）疑问词当主语时疑问词+动词过去式？如2Who wentto homeyesterday附录小学常用不规则动词过去式
一、不规则动词的过去式的构成.把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如1i a,一一一一一一begin began,drink drank,give gave,ring■—rang,sing sang,sit sat,swimswam.把重读开音节中的改为变成过去式如2i o,一一一drive drove,ride rode,write wrote改动词原形中的为变成过去式如
3.aw/ow ew,动词除夕卜，draw——drew,grow—grew,know——knew,throw——threw showshow一showed动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
4.e o,一一get got,forget forgot动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
5.ee e,一一feed fed,meet met动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
6.eep ept,一一一keep kept,sleep slept,sweep swept动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
7.eak oke,一一break broke,speak spoke动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
8.ell old,一一sell sold,tell told动词原形中的改为变成过去式如
9.an oo,stand—stood,understand—understood以和结尾，且读音是[的过去式如
10.ought aughtt一一一一bring brought,buy bought,think—thought,catch caught,teach taught以结尾且读音为的情态动词过去式如
11.ould udcan—could,shall—should,will—would.把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如12a,一一come came,become became在动词原形后加或变成过去式，并且发生音变如
13.dt一〔hear hiheard h:d,say sei—said sed,mean-meant[ment动词的过去式与动词原形一样如
14.一一一let let,must must,put—put,read readred二.不规则动词表原形过去式中文释义是（表示存在、状态等）am was是（表示存在、状态等）are werebecomebecame成为；变成开始begin beganbreakbroke打破拿来；取来；带来bring broughtbuildbuilt构筑；建造；建筑购买；买buy bought可以；能；可能；会can could赶上（车船等）；捕获catch caught来；来到come came切；割;削；剪cut cutdo/does did做；干；行动draw drew喝；饮drink drankdrivedrove开车；驾驶eat ate感到；觉得feel feltfindfound寻找；查找fly flew忘记；忘却forget forgotgetgot给；授予give gavegowenthave/has had得（病）；患（病）；有；吃；饮hear heard听见；听说隐藏hide hid是（表示存在、状态等）iswas保持；使保持某种状态keep keptknowknew知道；了解leave left离去；出发let let失去；丧失lose lostmakemade使；促使；迫使；做；制作可能；可以may might表示……的意思；作……的解释mean meant遇见；相逢meet met放；摆；装put putreadread/e/读；阅读ride rode（铃）响ring rang跑细小rise rose歌run ran奔讲置say said唱see saw升见送send sent示上上电诩看球set set放出关喷坐看、show showed三」二shut shutsingsangsit sat走sleep slept拿speak spokeswimswamtake took费述觉话花授诙考胜睡说讲teach taught思获泳乘诉要tell told写睡说游搭教告想将赢书think thoughtwillwou1dwin wonwritewrote，.■；；;;•II，LE•；；，.，.小学英语语法（词性）总结
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法:当两种物体之间相互比较时.，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,用形容词或副词的最高级比较级二者比较，标志词than最同级三者以上比较，标志词形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律the单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-「或-
1.e esttall-taller-tallest fast—faster-fastest以-结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-「或-
2.e stlarge-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicest以结尾的形容词或副词，改为再加「或
3.-y-y-i-e-est busy-busier-busiest early-earlier-earliest形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-「或-
4.e esthot—hotter—hottest多音节形容词或副词前面直接加或
5.more most beautiful—more beautiful—mostbeautiful以结尾的副词一般加或
6.ly moremost slowly—more slowly—most slowly不规则变化
7.good well-better-best badbadly-worse-worst little-less-leastfar-farther-further manymuch-more-most形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法比较级、形容词物体「形容词比较级+物体1A+am/a e/is+than+BI amtaller thanyou.This pictureis more beautiful thanthat one.、副词物体行为动词+副词比较级+物体2A+than+B.He studiesbetter than me.最高级.、形容词物体「形容词最高级+比较范围人/物，地方.1A+am/ae/is+the+of+in+Iamthe tallestin theclass.Shanghai isone ofthe biggestcities inChina.、副词物体行为动词+副词最高级+比较范围人/物，地方.2A+of+in+Cheetahs runfastest in the world.He studiesbest ofus.表示两者对比相同主语+谓语形容词/副词原形从句+as++as+This boxis asbig asmine.This coatis notso/as cheapas thatone.I studyEnglish ashard asmy brother.英语比较级和最高级练习一l.A pigis_than adog.A.much heavyB.more heavierCmuch heavierD.more heavy
2.------Which is_season inBeijing----1think itsspring.A.good B.well C.best D.the best
3.The cityis becoming.A.more beautifuland moreB.more beautifuland beautifulC.more andmore beautifulD.morebeautifuland beautifuler
4.Which doesAlice like,Chinese orArtA.well B.best C.better D.much
5.The ChangjiangRiver isone ofintheworld.A.the longestriver B.longest riversC.the longestrivers D.longer rivers
6.LiMing speaksChinese betterthanme.A.very B.more C.a lotof D.much
7.There areboys inClass Twothan inClass Four.A.more B.many C.most D.best
8.Who hasoranges now,Jim,Lily orLucyA.much B.biggest C.better D.the most
9.Mother isin myfamily.A.busy B.busier C.the busiestD.more
10.No one is Lucyintheclass.A.so tallestas B.as tallerasC.so highas D.as tallas二写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式long widefatheavy slowfewbrightly-bably farquicklyhappy-unhappy三用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Of thetwo girls,IfindLucy theclever.黄金铁.
2.Gold islittleuseful thaniron
3.My sisteris twoyearsoldthan I.
4.Johns parentshave fourdaughters,and sheis theyoungchild.
5.Thecheap bagsare thenot usuallythe bestones.
6.The shortoneisby farexpensive ofthe five.
7.The boyis notsointeresting ashis brother.
8.Dick singswell,she singswellthan John,but Marysingswell in her class.
9.She willbe muchhappyinhermew house.
10.This dressis that.twice,as...as...,expensive参考答案
（一）CDCCCDADCDfatter fattestheavier heaviestslowerslowest fewerfewestmore brightly,most brightlyworse,worstfurther,furthest morequickly,most quicklyhappierhappiest unhappierunhappiest三clever lessOlderyoungest二longer longestwider widestCheapestthe mostInterestingwell,better,the bestHappiertwice asexpensive as
二、情态动词情态动词的定义情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。
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