高中北师大版英语一轮复习学案模块三第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气

温馨提示此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后关闭Word文档返回原板块情态动词和虚拟语气I.语法填空（•天津高考）L2020Jim sayswe canstay inhis houseas longas weleave itcleanand tidy.（,天津高考）

2.2019Marys descriptionof theparty was so vividthat Ifelt as（）if I had beenbe there.（,江苏高考）

3.2019What apity!You missedthe sightseeing,or wewould（）have hadhave agood timetogether.语法填空二谨记I..若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词然1后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词；一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主

2.谓一致等注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了/虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词,如suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,otherwise,or,butfor等n.短文改错

1.（2018•全国卷n）As akid,I lovedto watchcartoons,but nomatter how（去掉many timesI askedto watchthem,my parentswould notto letme.not后面的）to反were动词原should+形动词原were to+形If therewere noair,we couldn/t live.X Ifthere had been noair inthe tube,the resultof the experiment wouldhave been moreaccurate.X Ifhe wereto cometomorrow,things wouldbe easier.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装

2.如果虚拟条件句中含有可把省略，把were/had/should,if were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，不可提刖notX Shouldit rain tomorrow,what wouldyou doX Were thereno friction,we couldnot walk.X Hadwe knownabout thenew method,we should have appliedit earlier.错综时间条件句

3.有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整If Ihad methim before,I couldrecognize him.含蓄条件句

4.⑴有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用等介词短语but for,without或上下文来表示^Without air;there wouldntbe livingthings inthe worldnow.⑵用■等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟otherwise,or语气He remindedme ofthat,otherwise,I wouldhave forgottenit.⑶虚拟条件通过暗示出来，结构为“虚拟情况真实情况〃but+but+She wouldhave cometo seeyou,but shewassobusy thatday.房融＞使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句与后接宾语从句的区别表示一般可以实现的希望,宾

1.wish hopehope语从句用陈述语气表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用wish虚拟语气如米I wish I wereas tallas you.冰He wishedhe hadnt said that.I wishit wouldraintomorrow.与一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接的虚拟

2.if onlyI wish语气的时态与后所接时态的情况相同如wishIf onlyIhadlistened tomy parents!后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去，表示“宁愿做什么

3.I wouldrather如:Id rather you went tomorrow now.X Idratheryouhadntsaidit.以引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,

4.as ifas though则与用法相同如wishXThe teachertreats thepupil as if hewere herown child.考点》从句中用动词原形的用法I3should+在以免，以防引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

1.for fear that incaseX Wehad ameeting andtalked the matter overface toface forfearthat thereshould beany misunderstanding.在表示“坚持〃“命令〃”建议〃”要求〃等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语

2.气这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持、两个命令、insist order,command三个建议四个要求advise,suggest,propose demand,require,request,〃如askMy familyinsisted thatI shouldnot givein,but stayand fight.He commandedthat roadsshouldbe builtto linkcastles acrossthe land.suggested toMike thatwe shouldgoout fora mealwith hiscolleagues.在等名词后的表

3.order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气如^;The ordercame thatthe medicalsupplies shouldbe sentto theearthquake-stricken areasoon.考点I4Its about/high time that+iin+did/should...后的从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或Its about/high time动词原形,此处不能省略,意为早该干某事了〃如should+should X It/stime thatwewentto bed.It/s high timethatwe shouldtake actionto protectthe waterresources.【小题快练】•单句语法填空

①If wehad takentakeanother road,we wouldnt havebeenstuck inthetraffic jamfor solong.@1wishIhadbeenbe atmy sisterswedding lastTuesday,but Iwas onabusiness tripin NewYork then.

③It ishightimethat youconsidered/should considerconsider thatif therewereno stressin yourlife,you wouldachieve a little.

④It islucky webooked aroom,or wewould hacehave nowhereto staynow.

⑤They metfor thefirst time,but theytalked happilyasifthey hadbeenbegoodfriends fora long time.6As Fatherand Motherthought itwas abig occasionfor me,they suggestedIshould holdhold abirthday partyat hometo celebrateit.I.语法填空According toa recentstudy,plants areable tomake intelligentdecisions.They area lot

1.smart thanwe thought.Scientists havediscovered thatthepea plantcan make decisions onhow

2.survive best,even thoughit does nothave abrain.Researchers grewseveral pea plants thathad their roots

3.separate betweentwo pots.Each potcontained differentamount ofnutrients.One pot always hadthe sameamount,

4.the otherpot variedbetween alot andalittle.The plantsturned outtobe

5.致的amaze consistent——at turningtheirrootsto thepot withthe mostnutrients.Researcher AlexKacelnik saystheexperimentraises aquestion,notabout plants,

6.about animalsand humans.He wonderswhether thepeaplant ismore efficientin usingits limitedresources about

7.makedecisions“Wethan humans.He says,have avery wonderfulbrain,but maybemost ofthetime wezrenot using

8.・Professor Kacelnikdoesnotthink thatpeaplantsare intelligentin thehumansense,but thatthey exhibitcomplex

9.behave toefficiently takeadvantageof naturalopportunities.It willbe interestingto seehow ourliveswould bedifferent ifwe

10.adopt similarstrategies.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文本文主要讲了最新研究表明植物能做出最有利于自己生存的决定，植物要远比我们想象的聪明【解析】考查比较级根据后面的可确定,这

1.smarter thanwe thought里需要使用比较级，所以填smarter【解析】考查常用结构“疑问词+不定式〃作宾语，相当于

2.t survive一个从句,所以填to survive【解析】考查固定结构〃它们的根〃和“分开〃之间是被动

3.separatedo关系,所以用结构,填have sth.done separated【解析】考查连词表示“然而所以填

4.whileo while【解析】考查副词修饰形容词用副词，所以填

5.amazingly consistent,oamazinglyo

7.makingo about宾语，故此处用V.形式，所以填-ing makingo【解析】考查代词指代前面的故用

8.ito avery wonderfulbrain,it【解析】考查名词作的宾语，用名词形式，所以填

9.behavioro exhibitbehavioro【解析】考查虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句

10.adopted型为lf+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）,主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形，所以填adoptedn.短文改错oHigh schoolis consideredthe mostimportant stage.As seniorthreestudent,it willnot belong beforeI graduated.Now Ihave manythings tosharein myfellows.First ofall,Kd liketo expressmy thankto thosewho lentmea handwhen Iwas disappointing.It wastheir kindnesswhich helpedmeregain myself-confidence whenI lostmy heart.Besides,I anxiouswant toclearup somemisunderstanding withmy friendsin orderto keepourfriendships forever.With the National College EntranceExamination approached,I stronglyrecommend thatwe couldvalue timeandredouble effortsto studyso thatwe can get intoa keyuniversity.【解析】第二句前加考查冠词是可数名词，此处

1.senior astudent泛指“一名高三学生〃，的发音以辅音音素开头，应该用不定冠词senior修饰，故前加a seniora【解析】第二句玲考查时态在

2.graduated graduateit willnot belong句型中，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在before时表将来，从句主语是谓语动词用复数，故改为I,graduated graduate0【解析】第三句玲考查介词表示和某人

3.in withshare sth.with sb.分享某物〃，故改为in witho【解析】第四句玲考查名词的数作名词表示“感

4.thank thanksothank谢”时，只用复数形式不用单数形式，为固定表express onesthanks tosb.达，表示“向某人表示感谢〃，故改为thank thanks【解析】第四句考查结尾的形容词与

5.disappointingfdisappointed-ed Jngo结尾的形容词的区别结尾的形容词修饰人，表示感到……的，-ed-ing结尾的形容词修饰物，表示令人......的〃,根据句意可知此处用前者，故改为disappointing disappointedo【解析】第五句玲考查强调句型去掉和（需

6.which thatoIt waswhich要改为）后，句子成分仍然完整，因此此处为强调句型而不是定语从that句，其基本结构为被强调部分其余部分，故改为it is/was++that+whichthato【解析】第五句去掉第二个考查固定短语是固定短语，

7.my loseheart表示“失去信心、丧失勇气〃,是多余的，故去掉my my【解析】第六句考查副词修饰动词短语

8.anxiousfanxiously wantto do用副词,故改为anxious anxiously【解析】第七句玲考查的复合结构此

9.approached approachingwith处为〃宾语+宾补”的复合结构,with+theNationalCollegeEntrance与之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分Examination approach词作宾补,故改为approached approachingo【解析】第七句或去掉考查虚拟语气表示“建

10.could—should could议〃时,后的宾语从句要用（）的虚拟语气,其中recommend shoulddo should可省略，故改为或去掉could shouldcouldm.写作运用补全下面写作，注意本节语法的使用Dear Tom,Im writingto giveyou

1.some advice on whichsocial mediavon should（一些关于在中国你应该使用哪些社交媒体的建议）,use inChina andtoexplain thereasons formy recommendation.Personally speaking,

2.I stronHvbelieve thatWeChat isthv bestchoice（我坚信微信是你的最佳选择）.for vouSimilar toInstagram inthe West,itallows you to shareyour specialmoments withfriends,as wellas providingaconvenient platformfor communicationbetween individualsand groups.Inaddition,when youget here,you/ll findthat allyour friendsare keenusers,

3.（所以使用这个应用so usingthis appcan helpvou toavoid feelingleft out程序可以帮助你避免感觉被忽视）.All inall,WeChat is an indispensabletoolfor Chinesepeople ofall agesand fromall walksof life,

4.so IstronHv suRgest（因止匕我强烈建议你学着用它）.that voulearn toarn it

5.If vouhave onvfurther questionabout vourfuture lifehere inChina,（如果你对你在中国的未来生活还有任何疑问,please donthesitate to ask请毫不犹豫地问）.Im sincerelylooking forwardto yourarrival.Yours,Li Hua关闭Word文档返回原板块（•全国卷）

2.2016II Someclassmates suggestwe can go toplaces ofinterest（或者去掉）nearby,can^should cann.短文改错二定法.看句中情态动词是否运用正确；1看是否考查虚拟语气若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与从句中的

2.时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式

一、情态动词说＞含有情态动词的时态和被动语态.情态动词+原形除了表示现在的时间外，还可以表示将来，说明动作1尚未发生如X Youcangonow butyoud bettercome earliertomorrow..情态动词表示动作正在发生如2+be doing:米Your mothermay be waiting foryoutoreturn home.X He must beplaying footballon theplayground now..情态动词3+have done:⑴表示对过去情况的推测米He must have startedwriting hisbook alongtimeago.⑵表示过去“该做而没做〃能做而没做〃可做而没做〃等含义，与过去事实不符或相反你本应该完成你XYou shouldhave finishedyour homework.But youdidnt.的作业了但是你没有含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词

4.+be+donePupils shouldbe helpedto adopta positiveapproach to the environment.房融＞常考情态动词的用法

1.can⑴表示能力，一般译为能、会〃,尤其指生来具备的能力X Canyou speakEnglish⑵表示许可，常在口语中⑶表示推测，意为可能〃，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时译为“不cant可能〃Can thenews betrueXThe mooncan/talwaysbe full.

2.could的过去式,意为能、会〃,表示过去的能力lcanI didntknow ifI couldraise achild bymyself.⑵could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思X Couldyou giveme someadviceonthe bestway to do this

3.may⑴表示请求、许可，比正式canX MayI useyour computer⑵表示推测，谈论可能性，意为可能，或许〃，一般用于肯定句中X Ithink hemay beready fora sleepsoon.的过去式为也可以表示可能性低于此时3may mightomight maymight没有过去式的意思X Hesaid hemight notbe backuntil tonight.⑷表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿〃通常是用主+忆may+X Mayall ofour wishescome truethis ValentinesDay.

4.must⑴must表示主观看法，意为必须〃We must be honestand faithfultothepeople.对引导的疑问句，肯定回答为否定回答为或2must must,neednt donthave toX—Must I go theretoday—Yes,you must./—No,you neednt.⑶must也可以表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定〃，用于肯定句He mustbewaitingfor us.⑷其否定形式表示“禁止，不许〃mustrftX Wemustn/t letthe waterrun towaste.【点津】其反意疑问句的构成形式当表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词must来构成X Hemustbegood atmaths,isnt heXYou must have toldher aboutit,havent you

5.need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为意为lneed neednt“不必〃用提问时，肯定回答为否定回答为或need must,neednt donthavetoX—Need Igo withyou—Yes,you must./No,you neednt.还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作2need主语，后面多接动词不定式X Adultsneed tolive theirown livesand thatsdifficult withchildren.【点津】如果是物作主语，一般用与这种need doingneed tobe done,情况下应注意两点

①主动形式的动名词具有被动的含义；doing

②该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变;The carneeds washing.=The carneeds tobe washed.

6.dare意为敢、敢于〃，用法近似于有两种词性dare need,⑴dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时How dareyou pickup thephone andlisten inon myconversations!Most peoplehate him,but theydont dare to sayso,because hestill rulesthecountry.⑵dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化X Myboyfriend doesntdaretohold myhand inpublic.

7.shall（）表示征求对方意见（多用于第

一、三人称）l shall⑵shall表示命令、允诺（多用于第

二、三人称）XI shalldo allI canto putthematterright.XYou shallhave acomputer ifyou areadmitted toa keyuniversity.

8.should⑴should意为应该〃，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等We shoulddo everythingwe canto maintainworld peace.⑵shouldhave done意为本应该做某事而没做〃，表示对过去动作的责备、批评XI shouldhave gonethis morningbut Iwas feelinga bitill.

9.will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称willX Ifyou willundertake theaffair,I shallbe verygrateful.唐露表示“推测〃的情态动词表示对具体事物的推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句

1.can）They cantbelieve youcan evenhold aconversation.【点津】表推测用于肯定句时，不能指对具体事物的推测，而是表示can事物的属性特征米Even anexperienced climbercangetinto trouble.表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中

2.mustXThe computerdoesnt work.There mustbe somethingwrong withit.表示推测时不一定是的过去式,只是表示其可能性比

3.might maymay小X Ifyou lookatthemoon,you may/might havemany questionstoask.表示推测时，语气比弱

4.could canX She couldbe inLondon orParis orTokyo—nobody knows.表示推测的可能性比较大，表示有依据或有前提的推测，仅比

5.should的可能性小一点意为“按说应该……〃mustI wonderwhats happenedto Annie.She shouldbe hereby now.【小题快练】•I.用适当的情态动词填空（必要时用否定形式）

①Life isunpredictable;even thepoorest may/can becomethe richest.

②You mustbe Jason.You haventchanged abit afterall theseyears.

（3）As thedeadline isdrawing near,no oneshall leavewith hisown workuncompleted.

④一I cantthank youenough forwhat youhave donefor me.—Youre welcome.

⑤My roomisamess,but Ineednt cleanit beforeIgoout tonight.I cando itinthe morning.©May yousucceed!n.单句改错

①We neednttodoso muchhomework.Therefore,we havemore timefor（去掉）after-school activities.to

②In myopinion,by doingpart-time jobs,college studentsmust gainsome socialexperience andbroaden theiroutlooks,（改为）must can（改为）

③You mustfail ifyou dontwork hard,must shall©Whenever Imade mistakesand feltdiscouraged,my teacherand my（classmates wouldhelp mefigure outhow Imust haveavoided them,must改为）could考点＞情态动词过去分词I4+have+表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发

1.can/could/may/might have+done sth.生过的事情X Shouldyou lookat whatyou couldhave donebetter andlearn fromit soyoucan improveXSomeone mighthave guessedour secretand passedit on.对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测，语气较

2.musthave+done sth.强，意为“肯定/一定做过某事〃X Chinamusthave done somethingsupremely rightto producethe economicmiraclewe observe.本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做否

3.should/ought to havedone sth.定句表示“不该做某事而做了〃XShereally oughtto haveretired longago,but she/s stillworking.XWereally shouldnthave lethim goswimming byhimself.本没必要做某事却做了

4.neednt havedone sth,XI needn/thavewritten tohim becausehe phonedme shortlyafterwards.过去本想做某事而没做

5.would liketo havedonesth.XIwould liketohaveread thearticle,but Iwas verybusy then.【小题快练】•用情态动词填空+havedone

①Harry isfeeling uncomfortable.Hemusthave drunkdrink toomuch.Sorry,Mum!I failedthe jobinterview again.—Oh,it/s toobad.You shouldhave mademake fullpreparations.

③We couldhave facedface thedifficulty together,but whydidnt youtellme

④George canthave qonenotgo sofar.His coffeeis stillwarm.

二、虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件句中的运用

1.if类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相过去式（用be动词原形should/would/could/might+反were）与过去事实相过去should/would/could/might+have+过去分词had+反分词与将来事实相过去式（用动词原形be should/would/could/might+。