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北京市朝阳区学年度高三第一学期期末质量检测2022〜2023英语试卷本试卷共10页考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题
1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Early in my teachingcareer,I heardcountless make-believe storiesfor unfinishedhomework.Then Igrew lesstrustingand quitted]any excuse.When the students atmy newschool didntfinish homework,I neverasked why.Instead,I justsighed loudlyand recordeda zeroin thegrade book.I soongained the2I thoughtI wanted.One dayAnthony approachedme.Could Italk to you heasked3,“I knowyou saidno excuse,butI dontwant youto thinkIm4because Ioften comewithout myhomework.He thenlooked upat mefor the first time.Its justthat...my dadmoved out,and mymom worksat night,so Ihave tolook aftermy littlebrothers.Often,they crya lot,and itshard forme to5I was about toask whyhe didnttell meearlier whenI suddenlyrealized why.So Ichanged the
6.“Would ithelp if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home”He noddedhard.Anthony became thefirststudent inmy after-school studysession.Several dayslater,Terrell joinedhim,followedby Sandyand Randy.Before long,I had a roomfull ofstudents.Their storieswere not amusing,but allvery7:•The powercompany8our lightsbecause wecouldn ftpay thebill.•My dadsays schoolworkis justa wasteof time.•We donft have any paperin thehouse.I thusdiscovered not all kidscome fromfamilies thatare9,Not allkids have a quietbedroom with adesk and study light.Some donteven havehome.Most importantly,I learnedthat I11listen10betterthan Noexcuse!”
1.A.inventing B.finding C.accepting D.offering
2.A.reputation B.benefit C.experience D.praise
3.A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously D.eagerly
4.A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak选项AC（国家品牌代表团）Finland wasknown as a ratherquiet country.Since2008,the Country Brand Delegationhasbeen lookingfor anational brandthat wouldmake somenoise tomarket thecountry asa world-famous touristdestination.In2010,the Delegationissued aCountryBrand Report,“which highlighteda hostof marketablethemes,includingFinlands famous educational system.One keytheme was brand new:silence.As thereport explained,modern societyoften seems intolerably loud and busy.Silence isa resource/9it said.Silence firstappeared inscientific researchasacontrol orbaseline,against whichscientists comparethe effectsofnoise ormusic.Researchers havemainly studiedit byaccident,as physicianLuciano Bernardidid inhis studyof the（生理学）physiological effectsof music.“We didntthink about the effect of silence,“he said.Bernardi observedtwodozen testsubjects whilethey listenedto sixmusical tracks.He foundthat theimpacts ofmusic couldbe readdirectly inthebloodstream,via changesin bloodpressure,carbon dioxide,and circulationin thebrain.“During almostall sortsof（兴奋）,music,there wasa physiologicalchange witha conditionof arousalhe explained.This effectmade sense,given thatactive listeningrequires attention.But themore strikingfinding appearedbetweenmusical tracks.Bernardi andhis colleaguesdiscovered thatrandomly addedstretches of silence alsohad agreat effect,but in the oppositedirection.In fact,two-minute silentpauses provedfar morerelaxing thaneither“relaxing“music oralonger silenceplayed beforethe experimentstarted.The blankpauses thatBernardi hadconsidered irrelevant,in otherwords,becamethe most interestingobject ofstudy.Silence seemedto beheightened bycontrasts,maybe because it gavetestsubjects arelease fromcareful attention.Perhaps thearousal issomething thatconcentrates themind inone direction,so thatwhen there is nothingmore arousing,then you have deeperrelaxation Jhe said.（神经系统的）This findingis reinforcedby neurologicalresearch.Relevant researchshows whenour brainsrest（意识的）quietly,they integrateexternal andinternal informationinto aconscious workspace.^^Freedom from noiseand goal-directed tasks,it appears,unites thequiet withoutand within,allowing ourconscious workspaceto doits thingto discover where we fit in.Noora Vikman,a consultanton silencefor Finlandsmarketers,knows silencewell.Living in a remoteand quietplacein Finland,she discoversthoughts andfeelings thatarent detectablein herbusy dailylife.If you want to knowyourself,you have to bewith yourself,and discusswith yourself,and be able totalk with yourself.,,
27.Why doestheauthor mention the CountryBrandReportin Paragraph1A.To presenthow Finlandviewed silence.B.To highlightthe needof noisein Finland.C.To explain why Finlandissued thebrands.D.To indicatethe authorityof the Delegation.
28.What can be inferredabout LucianoBernardis discoveryA.It challengedthe calmingeffectofmusic.B.It emphasizedthe roleofsilencebetween sounds.C Itillustrated theloss of attentiveness aftersilence.D.It statedbrains9information processingin thequiet.A.doubtful B.supportive C.disapproving D.unconcerned
29.As forNoora Vikmansattitude tosilence,the authorisA.Silence:A LimitedResource B.Silence:A MisunderstoodTool
30.Which would be thebest titlefor the passageC.Silence:The UnexpectedPower D.Silence:The Valueby Contrasts【答案】
27.A
28.B
29.B
30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要以“安静的状态有着意想不到的力量”为话题，详细讲述了研究人员对其重要作用的研究和发现，且通过人们的真实感受强调了安静给人带来的出人意料的好处【题详解】27推理判断题通读文章第一段内容可知，首句uFinland wasknown asa ratherquiet country.（芬兰是一个相当安静的国家）”为该段的主旨句，由此可推知，In2010,theDelegationissued actCountry BrandReport,“which highlighteda hostof marketablethemes,including Finlandsfamouseducationalsystem.One keytheme（年，代表团发布了一份“国家品牌报告”，其中突出了一系列适销对路的主题，wasbrandnew:silence.2010包括芬兰著名的教育体系一个关键主题是全新的安静）”中提到的关键主题为“安静”，是为该段的主旨句提供论据，突出“安静”是芬兰的主题之一，因此它的作用是通过权威发布而展示芬兰如何看待安静故选项A【题详解】28推理判断题根据文章第三段内容uSilence seemedto beheightened bycontrasts,maybe becauseit gavetest subjectsarelease fromcareful attention.Perhaps thearousal issomething thatconcentrates themind inone direction,so that（安静似乎在对比中得到了加强，也许when there is nothingmore arousing,then youhave deeperrelaxation/he said.是因为它让测试对象从仔细的关注中得到了释放他说“也许这种兴奋是一种将思想集中在一个方向上的东西，所以当没有更多的兴奋时，你会有更深的放松“）可知，通过研究，他发现了安静作为声音间隔时对测试对象有很大的影响，与声音对比下的安静反而让人有更深的放松由此可推知，他的发现强调了安静在声音之间的作用故选项B【题详解】29推理判断题根据文章末尾部分作者引用的话Noora VikmanIf youwant toknow yourself,youhave to bewith（如果你想了解自己，你必须和自己在一起，yourself,and discusswithyourself,and beable totalk withyourself.和自己讨论，并且能够和自己交谈可知，通过住在一个偏僻安静的地方亲身感受到了安静独Noora Vikman处才能认识自己，找至自己，这是与作者上一段的论述U Freedomfromnoiseand goal-directed tasks,it appears,（似乎，unites thequiet withoutand within,allowing ourconscious workspaceto doits thingtodiscoverwherewefitin.远离噪音和目标导向的任务，将内外的宁静结合在一起，让我们有意识的工作空间去发现我们适合的地方）”相一致由此可推知，对于对安静的态度，作者是支持赞同的故选项Noora VikmanB【题详解】30主旨大意题通读文章内容可知，文章首段末尾通过引述的方法揭示了文章的主旨，“Asthereport explained,（正如报告所解释的那样，现代modern societyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.Silence isa resource/it said.社会似乎常常喧闹繁忙到令人无法忍受“安静是一种资源，”它说），即，文章主要围绕“安静是一种资源”这一话题进行讲述，并在后文段落通过介绍相关研究及真人实例的感受强调了安静的强大力量选项C（安静没有料想到的力量）”贴合主旨故选项Silence:The UnexpectedPower CDAfew yearsago,the CityCouncil ofMonza,Italy,barred petowners fromkeeping goldfishin curvedfishbowls.The sponsorsof themeasure explainedthat it is cruelto keepa fishin such a bowlbecause thecurved sidesgive thefisha distorted view of reality.Aside from the measuressignificance to the poorgoldfish,the storyraises aninterestingphilosophical question:How dowe knowthat the reality weperceive istruePhysicists arefinding themselvesin asimilar troubleto the goldfishs.For decadesthey have been pursuinganultimate theoryof everything-one completeand consistentset offundamental lawsof naturethat explainevery aspectofreality.It nowappears thatthis pursuitmay generatenot asingle theorybut afamily ofinterconnected theories,eachdescribing its own version of reality,as ifit viewedthe universethrough itsown fishbowl.This conceptmay be difficultfor many people toaccept.Most peoplebelieve that there isan objectivereality outthere andthat oursenses andour（传达）science directlyconvey informationabout thematerial world.In philosophy,thatbelief is called realism.In physics,realism isbecoming difficultto defend.Instead,the idea of alternativerealities isa mainstayof todayspopularculture.For example,in thescience-fiction filmThe Matrixthe humanrace isunknowingly livingin asimulated（模拟的）virtual realitycreated byintelligent computers.How dowe knowwe arenot justcomputergeneratedcharacters livingin aMatrix-like worldIf-like us—the beingsin thesimulated worldcould notobserve theiruniversefrom the outside,they wouldhave noreason to doubt theirown picturesof reality.Similarly,the goldfishs view isnot the same asours fromoutside theircurved bowl.For instance,because lightbendsas ittravels fromair towater,a freelymoving objectthat we would observeto movein astraight linewouldbe（框架）observed bythegoldfishto movealong acurved path.The goldfishcould formscientific lawsfrom theirframeof referencethat wouldalways holdtrue andthat wouldenable themto makepredictions about the futuremotion ofobjectsoutside thebowl.If thegoldfish formedsucha theory,wewouldhave to admit thegoldfishsviewasareasonablepicture of reality.The goldfishexample showsthatthesame physicalsituation can be modeledin differentways,each employingdifferentfundamental elementsand concepts.It might be thatto describethe universewe haveto employdifferenttheories indifferent situations.It isnot thephysicists traditionalexpectation fbratheoryof nature,nor doesit correspondto our everydayidea of reality.But itmightbethe way of the universe.A.Original.B.Accurate.C.Distant.D.False.
31.What doesthe underlinedword distorted“in Paragraphmost probablymeanA.The needfor acomplete theory.B.The lastingconflict inphysics.
32.What doesParagraph2mainly tellusC.The existence of thematerial world.D.The conventionalinsight ofreality.
33.What canwe learnfrom the passageA.Natures mysteriesare bestleft undiscovered.B.An externalworld isindependent of the observers.C.Peoples theoriesare influencedby theirviewpoints.D.It isessential tofigure outwhich pictureofrealityis better.
34.According to the passage,the authormay agreethat.A.various interpretationsof the universe arewelcomedB.physicists havea favoritecandidate for the finaltheoryC.multiple realitiescanbepieced together to showtherealworldD.there isstill possibilityto unifydifferent theoriesinto asingle one【答案】3LD
32.D
33.C
34.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇议论文文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙题详解】[31词句猜测题根据划线词所在句“The sponsorsof themeasure explainedthat it is cruelto keepa fishin sucha bowl（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼because thecurved sidesgive thefish adistortedviewofreality.”缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种看法）中的和distorted“cruel”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残“curved”忍的，所以意为错误的，即故选distorted“false”D【题详解】32主旨大意题根据第二段“Most peoplebelieve thatthere isan objectivereality outthere andthat oursenses andour（传达）（大science directlyconvey informationaboutthematerial world.In philosophy,that beliefiscalledrealism.多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解故选D【题详解】33推理判断题根据第二段叩“It nowpears thatthis pursuitmay generatenotasingle theorybut afamily ofinterconnectedtheories,each describingitsownversionofreality,as ifit viewedtheuniversethrough itsown fishbowl.（现在看来，这种追求可能产生的不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样）和第三段If—like us—the beingsin thesimulated worldcould not（如果模拟世observe theiruniverse fromtheoutside,they wouldhave noreason to doubt theirown picturesofreality.界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论故选C【题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段34It mightbe thatto describetheuniversewe haveto employdifferenttheories indifferentsituations.（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同的情况下运用不同的理论）uButit mightbe（但这可能就是宇宙的规律）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇the wayof theuniverse.宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点故选A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项An apologycan achievegreat thingsfor boththe giversand thereceivers althoughnobody likestoadmit that theywerewrong.An apologyis crucialto ourphysical health.When weacknowledge that we arewrongdoers andexpress ourguilt toothers,we willfree ourselvesfromthe uncomfortable state.This actfeels likea weighton ushas beenlifted.35Research showedthat heartrate,sweat levelsand facialtension decreasedin victimsof wrongseven whentheysimply imagined receiving an apology.Apologizing affects us not just physically,but alsomentally.36When presentedwith anapology,the victimsmayview usas imperfecthuman beingsand findit easierto giveforgiveness.In apowerful piecein PsychologyToday,writerBeverly Engeldescribed howa simpleIm soiry“from hermother,after beingestranged fromeach otherfor threeyears,made herrelieved emotionally.But lefsbe real,apologizing canbedifficult.37We shouldrecognize ouraction didhurt someoneeven ifour intentionmay nothavebeenso.Instead ofmaking excuses for what we did,try to bear responsibilityand offera promiseto takeaction so that we will notrepeat thebehavior in future.38Of course,the mosteffective apologiesoften bringa costto ourdignity,since we havetoadmit that we arewrong infront of others or manypeople.39As isknown,itisone of the mostpositive actions we can take when we do somethingwrong—for ourselves,the others,and the relationship.So,go ahead,apologize alittle moreoften for the thingsworthapologizing for.A.There are agreed-upon waysto express our apologyto others.B.Its awayofshowing theprice wepaid forthe wrongedaction.C.A goodapology affects the health of those on the receiving end,too.D.But thiscan oftenbe minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.E.This meanswe shouldtake theblame andnot try to justifyit orexplain itaway.F.Apologize for what you did ratherthan what other peoplemight havethought aboutit.G.It has the ability to disarm others oftheir angerand toprevent furthermisunderstandings.【答案】
35.C
36.G
37.A
38.E
39.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处【题详解】35根据上文“When weacknowledge thatwe arewrongdoers andexpressourguilt to others,wewillfree ourselvesfrom（当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别theuncomfortablestate.This actfeels likea weighton ushas beenlifted.人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担）”和下文“Research showedthat heartrate,sweat levelsand facialtension decreasedin victimsof wrongseven whenthey simply（研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度imaginedreceivinganapology.也会降低）”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处故项C“A goodapology（一个好的道歉也会景乡响收至！道歉的人的健康）”符合题affectsthehealthofthoseonthereceivingend,too.J意故选C【题详解】36根据主旨句u Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,but alsomentally.（道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神）”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处项G Ithas the ability todisarmothersof」它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解）”符合题their angerand toprevent furthermisunderstandings意，属于精神范畴故选anger G【题详解】37空处为本段主旨句根据下文“We shouldrecognize ouraction didhurt someoneeven ifour intentionmay nothavebeen so.Instead ofmaking excusesforwhatwe did,try to bear responsibilityand offera promiseto takeaction sothatwe（我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如will notrepeat thebehavior in future.此与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了）”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法故项“（我们A There areagreed-upon waysto expressour apologyto others.向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致）”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么故选A【题详解】38空处位于段末，应承接上文根据上文Instead ofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,tryto bear responsibilityand offer（与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着a promiseto takeaction sothatwewill notrepeat thebehaviorin future.承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了）”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解项.（这意味着我们E“This meanswe shouldtake theblame andnot tryto justifyit orexplain itaway应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释）”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释故选E【题详解】39根据上文u Ofcourse,themosteffective apologiesoften bringa costto ourdignity,since we havetoadmitthatwe are（当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在wrong infrontof othersormanypeople.别人或很多人面前承认自己错了）”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严根据下文“Asis known,itisone ofthemost positiveactionswe cantakewhen wedosomethingwrong-for ourselves,the others,and therelationship.So,go（众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做ahead,apologize alittle moreoften forthe thingsworth apologizingfor.错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一）”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的项D“But thiscan oftenbe.（但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足minorcomparedto thebenefitsofaproperapology道的）”符合题意故选D第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第
40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答Building relationships and workingsuccessfully withdifferent culturalbackgrounds canseem likea majorchallenge.But you can enjoythe rewards,while keepingdissatisfaction toa minimum.The keyto makingthem workiscultural competence.Essentially,cultural competence is definedas theability to understand and interact effectively withpeople from different cultures.Cultural competenceis criticalfor everyonein todaysmodem world.Living and working in a culturallydiverseenvironment sometimescomes withdifferences ofopinion andtension.People withstrong cultural competence canresolve these issues creatively,even ifa solutionseems impossible at first.Whats more,thinking andcaring aboutotherswith different experiences can bring outa senseof understanding.This helpsto buildtrust betweeneach other.Cultural competence canbeimproved throughtraining,education,and experience.Here aresome simpletips tohelp you improveyour cultural competence.Assess yourselfThestarting pointis tounderstand yourown culturalvalues andworld view.Assess thecurrent levelof culturalcompetencein yourselfand identifythe knowledge,skills andresources that youwantto acquire.This cangive youanidea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area sothat youcan improve yourself in future.Practice goodmannersNo matterwhom you are dealing with,make sure that youare respectingothers backgrounds,boundaries andcustoms.Pay closeattention to your communicationand makesure thatyoure speakingto others in a kind and politeway.Ask questionsWhenyou dont understand somethingor wanttoknowwhy someonehas behavedin acertain way,simply ask.Asking questionsstops youmaking unnecessaryassumptions,and showsthe questionsyoudidnot understandto them.Keep inmind thatdeveloping cultural competenceisnotaone-shot enterprise.It takestime andpractice.Whether youare in a classroomor oncampus,cultural competenceplays animportant rolein your daily environment.Recognizing anddealingwithcultural differenceswill createa happiersetting foreveryone.
40.What iscultural competenceaccording to the passage
41.Why iscultural competenceimportant forpeople inintercultural environment
42.Please decidewhich partis falsein thefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplainwhy.To improve our culturalcompetence^we shouldnot only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area,butalso ask questions whenwe don7understand others9behaviors^even ifwe mayspeak inan impolite way.
43.Apart fromthe tipsmentioned in thepassage,whatotherways canyou thinkof todevelop your culturalcompetence Inabout40words【答案】
40.It is theabilitytounderstand andinteract effectively with people fromdifferent cultures.
41.Because peoplecan resolveissues creativelyand buildtrust betweeneach other.
42.To improveour culturalcompetence,we shouldnot onlyunderstand ourstrengths andweaknesses inthis area,butalso askquestions whenwe dontunderstand othersbehaviors,even ifwe mayspeak inan impolite way.Becauseaccording tothepassage,wehaveto makesure thatwere speakingto othersinakind andpoliteway.
43.To developculturalcompetence,we shouldlearn aboutdifferent culturesby reading relevant books and searchingforinformation onlineto equipourselves withknowledge.It isadvisable to join an intercultural communicationworkshopto interactwith people from diversebackgrounds toimproveourintercultural communication skills.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法【题详解】40考查细节理解根据第一段的uEssentially,culturalcompetenceis definedastheabilitytounderstand andinteract（从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有effectivelywith peoplefromdifferent cultures.效互动的能力）”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力故答案为It isthe abilitytounderstandandinteracteffectivelywithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.题详解】[41考查细节理解根据第二段的“People withstrong culturalcompetencecan resolvetheseissues creatively,even ifasolution seemsimpossibleatfirst.Whats more,thinking andcaring aboutothers withdifferentexperiencescanbringout.（具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决a senseof understanding.This helpsto buildtrust betweeneach other这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感这有助于在彼此之间建立信任）”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任故答案为Because peoplecanresolveissuescreativelyand buildtrustbetween eachother.【题详解】42考查细节理解根据部分的Assess yourself“This cangive youan ideaof yourstrengthsandweaknessesin thearea（这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你sothatyoucanimproveyourselfinfuture.就可以在未来提高自己）”和部分的Practice goodmanners“Pay closeattention toyour communicationand makesurethat you7re speakingtoothersinakind andpoliteway.（密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈）”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题因此错误部分是“even ifwe mayspeak inan impoliteway,,,因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流故答案为To improveourculturalcompetence,we shouldnotonlyunderstandourstrengthsandweaknessesinthisarea,but alsoaskquestionswhenwedontunderstandothers,behaviors,even ifwe mayspeak inan impoliteway.Because accordingtothepassage,wehaveto makesurethatwerespeaking toothersinakindandpoliteway.【题详解】43开放性问题结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数例如为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能故答案为To developculturalcompetence,we shouldlearn aboutdifferentcultures byreadingrelevantbooksandsearching forinformation onlineto equipourselves withknowledge.It isadvisabletojoinaninterculturalcommunication workshopto interactwithpeoplefrom diversebackgrounds toimproveour interculturalcommunicationskills.
5.A.behave B.concentrate C.struggle D.compete
6.A.question B.tune C.process D.thought
7.A.complex B.moving C.cool D.real
8.A.broke downB.put outC.cut offD.shut out
9.A.disciplined B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive
10.A.works B.feels C.understands D.controls【答案】l.C
2.A
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.A
7.D
8.C
9.D
10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效【题详解】1考查动词词义辨析句意然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口发明；发现；A.inventing B.finding接受；提供根据上文C.accepting D.offering“I heardcountless make-believe storiesfor unfinishedhomework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口故选C【题详解】2考查名词词义辨析句意我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉名声，名誉；益处,A.reputation B.benefit好处;经历，经验；表扬根据上文C.experience D.praise“Instead,I justsighed loudlyand recordeda zeroin thegrade推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉故选book.Ao【题详解】3考查副词词义辨析句意“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问大声地;害羞地;好A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously奇地；迫切地根据下文可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，D.eagerly“because Ioften comewithout myhomework.”因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的故选B【题详解】4考查形容词词义辨析句意“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来贫穷的，可怜的；吝啬的；懒惰的；虚弱的，差的根据A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak“becausel oftencome withoutmyhomework.n推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰故选C【题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我5的小弟弟他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力举止；集中注意力；挣扎；A.behave B.concentrate C.struggle D.竞争根据可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力故选compete Often,they cryalot”B第二节（20分）.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你班交换生打算利用寒假在家锻炼身体，发来邮件向你咨询44Jim请你给他写一封回信，内容包括推荐一款和推荐理由；
1.APP.给出运动建议2注意词数左右；L
100.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数2Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Knowing thatyou planto exerciseat homeduring thewinter vacation,Im writingto recommend an APP calledKeep.First ofall,it willprovide youwith coursessuitable foryou accordingtoyourneeds.Whats more,it willurgeusers tocomplete dailyexercise tasksand allowusers toshare theirexercise status.In addition,Id liketo giveyou someadvice onhow to exercise.You canfit exerciseinto ourbusy schedule,makingit apart of yourdailyroutine.You canalso dosome indoorsports,such assit-ups andpush-ups.But youshould becarefulnot to exercise too much.1hope my advice can helpyou.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生给交换生写一封信，给他推荐一款运动并给出运动建Jim APP议【详解】.词汇积累1首先First ofall-firstly提供给某人某物provide sb.with sth.—provide sth.for sb.止匕夕卜whats more—besides建议advice—suggestion.句式拓展2简单句变复合句原句But youshould becareful notto exercisetoo much.拓展句But youshould becareful nottoexercisetoomuch,which isharmful toyour health.【点睛】【高分句型1]Knowing thatyou plantoexerciseat homeduring thewinter vacation,Tm writingto（运用了引导的宾语从句作的宾语）recommendanAPPcalledKeep.that Knowing【高分句型】（运用了引导的宾语从句作的宾语，省略了）2I hopemyadvicecanhelpyou.that hopethat【题详解】6考查名词词义辨析句意所以我改变了问题问题；调子；进程，过程；A.question B.tune C.process D.thought想法根据上文和下文“I wasabout toask whyhe didnttell meearlier whenI suddenlyrealized why.”“Would ithelp可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题ifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome”故选A【题详解】7考查形容词词义辨析句意:她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实复杂的；令A.complex B.moving人感动的；酷的，凉爽的；真的呼应上文C.cool D.real heardcountless make-believe storiesfor unfinished可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的故选homework D【题详解】8考查动词短语辨析句意因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了出故障；A.brokedown B.put out熄灭；C.cut off切断；D.shut out把关在门外根据because wecouldn ftpay thebill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯故选C【题详解】9考查形容词词义辨析句意因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭遵A.disciplined守纪律的;和平的；传统的;给与帮助的,支持的根据下文B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive“Not allkids have推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他a quietbedroom witha deskandstudylight.Some donteven havehome.”们的学习提供帮助的家庭故选D【题详解】10考查动词词义辨析句意最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!工作，起作A.works用，凑效；感觉；理解；控制根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能B.feels C.understands D.controls为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效故选A第二节共10小题；每小题
1.5分，共15分A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用1括号内所给词的正确形式填空Edward O.Wilson,the modern-day CharlesDarwin”,damaged hisright eyewhen he11catch afishintheriver nearhis homeat seven.The pooreyesight onlyallowed himto observesmall12creature群体,like ants.Interested inthe selflessnessof ants,which wouldsacrifice themselvesfor theircolony Wilson利他的developed atheory,13confirm theexistenceofaltruistic behaviorinawide rangeof species.It madehim influentialas botha closeobserver anda pioneeringtheorist.【答案】
11.was catching
12.creatures
13.confirming【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了虽然小时候右眼受损，但是这使他成为一位密切的观察者Edward Wilson和一位开拓性的理论家题详解】[II考查动词时态句意七岁时在家附近的河里抓鱼时，右眼受损分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句的谓语部分，根据下文可知从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时又因为强调过去某个时刻动作的进行在atseven七岁时，抓鱼的时刻，所以应用过去进行时故填was catching题详解】32考查名词复数形式句意视力差只能让他观察蚂蚁这样的小生物分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，名词是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式，故填creature creatures【题详解】13考查非谓语动词句意威尔逊对蚂蚁的无私感兴趣，因为蚂蚁会为自己的殖民地牺牲自己，他提出了一个理论，证实了在广泛的物种中存在利他行为分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式故填conErmingB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用1括号内所给词的正确形式填空感恩Research ontherelationshipbetween gratitudeand physicalhealth isstill exploring.The evidenceofexisting studies14suggest thatthere maybeaconnection.It appearsthat moregrateful peoplereport sleepingbetterand feeling15healthy.Besides,gratitude maylead peopleto engagein behaviorsthat helpkeep themhealthy,like notsmoking.Now researchersstill needto makeit clear16gratitude isso goodfor ourhealth.【答案】
14.suggests
15.healthier
16.why【解析】【导语•】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系题详解】14考查时态和主谓一致句意现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处evidence应用的三单形式故填“suggest”“suggests”suggests【题详解】15考查形容词比较级句意似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感“better”觉更健康，故空格处应用的比较级故填“healthy”“healthier”healthier【题详解】16考查宾语从句句意现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“让，，作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“gratitude maylead people可矢口感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行to engagein behaviorsthat helpkeep themhealthy,like notsmoking”为所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”故填写why.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处1用括号内所给词的正确形式填空On October12th,Shenzhou-14crew membersgave alive classtothestudents onEarth.During the class,the crewshowedthestudentsa scienceglove-box,17the plantsexperiments areperformed.Then,the astronautshad real-timeinteractions withstudents18video callsand theyanswered studentsquestions likeWhat kindsof plants19bringto spaceinfuturespaceflights^^At theend oftheclass,the crewsaid,“We expectyou guys20build ourspace homebetter inthe future.^【答案】
17.where
18.through
19.will bebrought
20.to build【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道主要讲述神舟号机组人员给地球上的学生们上的一堂直播课14【题详解】17考查定语从句句意在课堂上，工作人员向学生们展示了一个科学手套箱，在那里进行植物实验空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词引导故填a scienceglove-box,where where【题详解】考查介词句意然后，宇航员通过视频通话与学生进行实时互动，并回答学生的问题，如“未18来的太空飞行将把什么样的植物带到太空？”结合句意和句子结构可知，此处填介词“通过，through through”通过视频电话”故填video callsthrough【题详解】考查时态语态句意同上空处为句子谓语动词，根据可知此处描述将来19infuturespaceflights发生的事情，且主语和之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态故填plants bringwill bebroughto【题详解】20考查不定式句意在课程结束时，神舟全体人员说“我们希望你们将来能把我们的太空家园建得更好”结合句意表达“期待某人做某事用不定式作宾补故填expect sb.todosth.,to build第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑With manyChicken SoupfortheSoul books in development,we arealways lookingfor newtalent.So whetheryouare aregular contributoror newtoourfamily,please shareyour storieswith us.Here isthe recipefor submission.Story Guidelines•Tell aheartwarming storyabout something that has happened toyou or someone you know.•The storyshould start“intheaction“and drawinthereader Donot startyour storywith anintroduction aboutwhatyouaregoing tosay.•Dont tryfancy moveswith tenses.Writing inthe presenttense about somethingthathappened inthe pastrarelyworks.•Keep your story within1200words.Tighten!Tips aboutsubmittingThe onlyway tosubmit your stories istodoit onour website.A message,Thank you!Your informationhas beenreceived”,istheonly confirmationof yoursubmission.There isno emailfrom us.If youhaveanyproblems,please writeto:webmaster@chickensoupforthesouLcom.Therearemany topicsin eachof ourbooks.If youhaveastory thatyou thinkfits twoofthetopics,you maysubmitit toboth.Also,thereisno limittothenumber ofstories youmay submitfor eachbook.After publicationIf your story is selectedtobepublished,you will be askedto signour standard permission release agreement.Thismeans thatyou maintain ownership ofyour story but you give us the rights to publish it and useit again in any futurebookor ourother products.After yourstory ispublished,you willreceive tenfree copiesofthebook yourstory appearsin.You willbe entitledtobuy cases ofyour books athalf price.You willalso receiveour monthlynewsletter withadvance noticeof newbooks.
21.What kindof storyis likelytobeaccepted byChicken SoupfortheSoulA.A storywith anintroduction.B.A storyof onesown experience.C.A storywith morethan1200words.D.A storywritten inthe presenttense.
22.What canwe learnabout storysubmissionA You can submityourstoriesby email.B.A storycan justbe submittedto onetopic.C.Youcansubmit manystories tothesamebook.D.An emailwillbesent for a successfulsubmission.A.lose itsofficial ownershipB.obtain future booksinadvance
23.Ifyourstoryispublished,you willC.get freecasesofyourbooksD.approve ofits futurepublication【答案】
21.B
22.C
23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文一家出版商正在寻找心灵鸡汤故事，文章也介绍了递交内容、递交方法以及出版事宜【21题详解】细节理解题根据StoryGuidelinesv中的第一句Tell aheartwarming storyaboutsomethingthat.（讲述一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的感人故事）可知，关于自hashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow”己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心灵鸡汤》接受故选项B【题详解】22细节理解题根据“Tips aboutsubmittingv中第二段最后一句“Also,thereisno limittothenumber of.（止匕外，你可以为每本书提交的故事数量没有限制）”可知，你可以递stories youmay submitfor eachbook交许多故事给同一本书故选项C【题详解】23细节理解题根据u Afterpublication中第一段u Ifyourstoryis selectedtobepublished,you willbe askedto signourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.This meansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveusthe（如果您的故事被选中发表，您将被要rightstopublishit anduseitagaininanyfuturebookor ourother products.求签署我们的标准许可发布协议这意味着你保留你的故事的所有权，但你给了我们出版它的权利，并在未来的任何书籍或我们的其他产品中再次使用它）”可知，当你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未来被出版故选项DBAs aPh.D.student ina newcountry,lockdown andhomesickness combinedto leave me feeling lonely anddesperateto meetpeople.To findthe connectionsI wasmissing,I searchedfor opportunitiesthat would involveteamwork asa volunteerontheInternet.A positionmatching graduatestudents withjobs drewmy attention.It neededsomeonewho wouldlead teamsof graduatestudent volunteersto helpbring inindustry partners,andworkwith theuniversityadministration andstudent applicants.The chancesto interactwith allthese differentgroups wereappealing.Ihad no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study,but Istill decided I might as well go for itand apply.The firstfew weeksinmynew rolewere challenging.Along withmy routinestudy,I wassuddenly managingateam offour volunteersand meetings with industryprofessionals.At first,I wasnervous inmeetingswiththem,feeling Iwasntprepared enough.But asI gainedexperience,the interactionsbecame trulyenjoyable andrewarding.Sometimesthe conversationswent beyondregular businessto touchon careerpaths,personal challenges,and more.I began to enjoythedaily mixof activities.I also learned about leadership.At thestart,things seemedto gowell untilone ofmy teammembers toldme I wasntincluding herfully indecision-making.I wasupset;didnt shetrust myleadership Butafter Icalmed down,I sawthatmaybe shehadapoint.So Ibegantoask teammembers tolead someof ourmeetings andencouraged themto expresstheirviews.This newapproach allowedus to meet ourtargets whilehelping everyonefeel morecontent andconnected一as colleagues,but alsoas friends.Beyond buildingrelationshipsandskills,this experienceexpanded myhorizons aboutmy ownprofessional future.Before Ijoined,I hadonly beenexposed toacademic careerpaths,and Iassumed thatwas myfuture.Now Iverealized Iparticularly enjoy feeling part ofa team and affectingthe livesof others.As Iget closerto completingmy Ph.D.,Imapproaching job searches witha good ideaof what Iwant.
24.What madethe authordecide toapply forthe volunteerworkA.The relevanceto herstudy.B.The longingforafamily.C.The desirefor socialcontact.D.The previouswork experience.
25.What canwe learnaboutthe authors volunteerworkA.It drivesher awayfrom herstudy.B.It teachesher howto conductbusiness.C.It allowshertoadjust herattitude tolife andcareer.D.It helpsher identifythe professionalpaths.
26.From thepassage,wecanlearn thattheauthoris.A.open tonew challengesB.proud ofacademic successC.brave toovercome prejudiceD.demanding ofgroup members【答案】
24.C
25.D
26.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文讲述了作者在异国读博生涯中，勇于挑战自己，尝试从未做过的工作，最终丰富了自己的阅历，开阔了自己的视野【题详解】24细节理解题根据文章第一段第第一句和第二句As aPh.D.student ina newcountry,lockdown andhomesicknesscombined toleavemefeelinglonelyand desperatetomeetpeople.To findthe connectionsIwasmissing,I searchedforopportunities thatwouldinvolveteamwork asa volunteeron theInternet.v（在异国他乡攻读博士，疫情封控和思乡之情使我感觉非常孤独，迫切想要和人们取得联系为了找寻我缺失的联系，我在网上寻找可以作为志愿者参与团队合作的机会）可知，疫情封控和身处异乡使得作者与社会脱节，他为了重新与社会获得联系，他决定申请志愿者工作故选项C【题详解】25推理判断题根据第四段第二句第三句Now Iverealized Iparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffecting thelivesofothers.As Iget closerto completingmy Ph.D.,Im approachingjobsearcheswithagoodideaofwhatIwant.（现在我意识到我特别喜欢成为一个团队的一员，并影响他人的生活随着我离完成博士学位越来越近，我在寻找工作时对自己想要的东西有了一个清晰的想法）说明作者做了这份工作后，对待职业的态度发生很大的变化，对自己的职业定位更清楚了，因此推断志愿者工作帮助作者确定了自己的职业道路故选D【题详解】26推理判断题根据第一段最后一句I hadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,but Istill（我没有相关的经验，也担心会干扰自己的学习，但我还是决定去试decidedImightaswellgoforitandapply.一下）说明作者没有害怕未知的工作，结合第三段第一句alsolearnedaboutleadership/（我也学到了领导力）说明作者勇于尝试新鲜事物，乐于学习，证明作者是一个勇于接受挑战的人故。
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