2019年6月份英语六级（第三套）真题

年月英语六级真题试卷第三套20196Part IW riting30minutesDirections:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite anessay on the importance ofm otivationandmethods inlearning.You cancite examplesto illustrateyour views.You shouldwrite at least150wordsbut nomo rethan200w ordsPartII ListeningComprehension30minutes特别说明由于年月六级考试全国共考了套听力,第三套真题听力试题与第套或2019621第套内容一致，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现2Part IIIReading Comprehension40minutesSection ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with tenblanks Youare requiredto selectone wordfor eachblankfrom alist ofchoices given in aword bankfollowing thepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefullybefore making yourchoices Eachchoice in the bankis identifiedby aletter:Please markthe correspondingletterfor eachitem on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough thecentre You may notuse anyof thewordsin thebank more than once.Questions26to35are basedon thefollowing passageSteelis valuedfor itsreliability;but notwhen itgets coldMost formsof steel26beco mebrittle脆的at temperaturesbelow about-25℃unless they are mixedwith othermetals Now,though,a noveltypeof steelhas beendeveloped thatresists27at much1ower temperatures,while retainingits strength andtoughness-without theneed forexpensive

28.Steef sfragilily atlow temperaturesfirst becamea majorconcern duringthe SecondWorld War.After用鱼雷攻击German U-boats torpedoednumerous Britishships,a2700-strong fleetof cheap^-and-cheerfuluLiberty shipdwas introducedto replacethe lostvessels,providing alifeline forthe29British.But thesteelshells ofhundreds of the ships30in theicy northAtlantic and12broke inhalf andsank.Brittleness remains a problemwhen buildingsteel structuresin coldconditions,such asoil rigsinthe ArcticSo scientistshave31to finda solutionby mixing itwith expensivemetals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura andcolleagues inJapan trieda morephysical32Rather thanadding othermetaly theydevelopeda complexmechanical processinvolving repeatedheating andvery severemechanical deformation,known astempformingThe resulting steelappears to achieve acombination ofstrengthand toughness thatis33to thatofmodem steelsthat arevery richin alloycontent and,therefore veryexpensiveiKi muras teamintends touse itstempformed steelto makeultarhigh strengthparts suchas boltsTheyhope toreduce boththe numberof34needed ina constructionjob and their weight—by replacingsolid supportswith35tubes,for exampleThis couldreduce theamount ofsteelneeded tomake everythingfrom automobiles tobuildings andbridgesA abruptlyI crackedBadditives JfracturesC approachK hollowDardently LrelevantE besiegedMreshuffledF channelNstrivedG comparable0violentH componentsSectionBDirections:In thissection,you aregoing toread apassagewithten statementsattached toit Eachstatementcontains informationgivenin one of the paragraphsIdentify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.Youmaychoose aparagraph more than oncaEach paragraphis markedwith aletter Answerthe questionsby markingthe corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2The futureof personal satellite technologyis here—are weready forit[A]Satellites usedto bethe exclusiveplaythings ofrich governmentsand wealthycorporations Butincreasingly,as spacebecomes moredemocratized,theyarecoming withinreach ofordinary peopleJust like无人机drones beforethem,miniature satellites are beginningto fundamentally transferm ourconceptionsof whogets todo whatup aboveour heads.[B]As arecent reportfro mthe NationalAcademy ofSciences highlight^these satelliteshold tremendouspotentialfor makingsatellite-based sciencemore accessiblethan everbefore Howevei;as thecost ofgettingyour ownsatellite in orbit dropssharply,the risksof irresponsible use grow.The questionhere is no longer“Can webut Shouldwe’What arethe potentialdownsides of having aslice of space denselypopulatedby equipmentbuilt by people nottraditionally labeledas trofessionaldAnd whatwould theresponsible andbeneficialdevelopment anduse ofthis technologyactually looklike Someof theanswers maycome from anonprofit organizationthat has been buildingand launchingamateur satellitesfor nearly50years[C]Having yourpersonalsatellitelaunched intoorbit mightsound likean ideastraight outof sciencefiction.But over the pastfew decadesa uniqueclass ofsatellites hasbeen createdthat fits the bill:CubeSatsThe CubeThere simplyrefers to the satellitesshape.The most common CubeSatisa10cm cube,so smallthat asingle CubeSatcould easilybe mistakenfora paperweighton yourdesk Thesemini-satellites canfitin alaunch vehicles formerlyuwasted space.Multiples can be deployedin combinationfor more complex missionsthancould beachieved byone CubeSatalone.[D]Within theircompact bodiesthese minutesatellites are able tohouse sensorsand communicationsreceiver^transmitters thatenable operators to study Earth fromspace,as wellas spacearound Earth.Theyre primarilydesigned forLow EarthOrbit LEO-an easilyaccessible regionofspacefrom around200to800m ilesabove Earthwhere human-tended missionslike theHubble SpaceTelescope andthe InternationalSpaceStation ISShang outBut theycan attainmore distantorbits;NASA plansfor mostof itsfuture Earthrescapingpayloadsto themoon andM arsespecially tocarry CubeSats[E]Because they re sosmall andlight,it costsmuch lessto geta CubeSatinto EartKs orbitthana traditionalcommunications orGPS satelliteFor instance,a researchgroup hereat ArizonaState Universityrecentlyclaimed theirdevelopmental smallCubeSats couldcost aslittle as$3,000to putin orbitThis decreaseincost allowsresearcher^hobbyists and even elementaryschool groupsto putsimple instrumentsinto LEOor even havingthem deployedfrom theISS.[F]The firstCubeSat was created in the early2000s,as away ofenabling Stanfordgraduate students前苏联to design,build,test andoperate aspacecraft withsimilar capabilitiesto theUSSR5s Sputnik的人造卫星.Since then,NASA,the NationalReconnaissance OfficeandevenBoeing haveall launchedandoperated CubeSatsThere arcmorethan130currently inoperation TheNASA EducationalLaunch ofNano Satelliteprogram,which offersfree launchesfor educationalgroups andscience missions,is nowopen toU.S.nonprofitcorporations as well Clearlysatellitesarenot justfor rocketscientists anymore[G]The NationalAcademy ofSciences reportemphasizes CubeSatsimportance inscientific discoveryandthe trainingof futurespace scientistsand engineersYet italso acknowledgesthat widespreaddeploymentof LEOCubeSats isritrisk-flee Thegreatest concernthe authorsraise isspace debris-pieces ofjunK thatorbitthe earth,with thepotential tocause seriousdamage ifthey collidew ithoperational unit^includingthe ISS.[H]Currently,there arent manyCubeSats andthey retracked closely.Yet asLEO opensup tomoreamateur satellite^they may pose anincreasing threatAs thereport authorspoint out,even near^misses mightleadto the“creation of a burdensomeregulatory frameworkand affectthe futuredisposition ofscienceCubeSats”[I]CubeSat researcherssuggest thatnow，sthetime toponder unexpectedand unintendedpossibleconsequences ofmore peoplethan everhaving access to theirown smallslice ofspace In an erawhen youcansimply buya CubeSatkit offthe shelfhow canwe trustthe satellitesover ourheads weredeveloped withgood intentionsbypeople who knewwhat theywere doingSome Expertamateurs,in thesatellite gamecouldprovide someinspiration forhow toproceed responsibly卬In1969,the RadioA mateurSatellite CorporationAM SATwascreatedin orderto fosterham radio业余无线电爱女子者enthusiasts participationin spaceresearch andcommunication.It continuedtheefforts begunin1961,by ProjectOSCAR-a U.S.-based groupthat builtand launchedthe veryfirstnongovernmental satellitejust fouryears afterSputnik Asan organizationof volunteer^A MSATwas putting“anateW satellitesin orbitdecades beforethe currentCubeSat craze.And overtim e,its membershave learnedathing ortwo aboutresponsibility Here,open,source developmenthasbeena centralprinciple,Within theorganization,A MSAT has a philosophyof opensourcing everythingmaking technical data onall aspectsoftheir satellitesfully availableto everyonein theorganization,and whenpossible,the publicAccordingto ame mberof theteam responsiblefor FOX1-A,AMSATsfirst CubeSatthis meansthat theresnoway tosneaksomething likeexplosives oran energyemitter intoan amateursatellite wheneveryone has accesstothe designsandi mple mentation.[K]However;they remore cautiousabout sharing information withnon member^as theorganization guardsagainstothers developingthe abilityto hijackand takecontrol of their satellitesThis formofuself-governancd,is possiblewithin long-standing amateurorganizations that,over time,areableto buildasense ofresponsibility tocommunity members,aswellas societyin generalBut whathappens whennew playersemerge,who dont havedeep rootswithin theexisting culture[L]Hobbyists andstudents aregaining accessto technologiesw ithout being partofa long-standingamateur establishmentThey restill constrainedby funders,launch providersand aseries ofregulations-all ofwhich reinin whatCubeSat developerscan andcannot do.But theresadanger theyreill-equippedto thinkthrough potentialunintended consequencesWhat theseunintended consequencesmight beis admittedlyfarfrom clearYet weknow innovatorscanberemarkably creativewith takingtechnologies inunexpecteddirections.Think ofsomething asseemingly benignas thecellphone-we havemicrofinance andtext-based（临时制作的）social networkingat oneend of the spectrum,and improvisedexplosive devicesat theother[M]This is where aculture ofsocial responsibilityaround CubeSatsbecomes important-not simplytoensure thatphysical risksare minimized,but toengage with a muchlarger communityin anticipatingandmanaging lessobvious consequencesof thetechnology.This isnot aneasy task.Yet the，evidence fromAMSAT andother areasof technologydevelopment suggeststhat responsibleamateur comm unities canand doemergearound noveltechnologies Thechallenge hereof course,is ensuringthat whatan amateurcommunitiesconsidersto beresponsible actuallyis Hereswherethere needsto bea muchwider publicconversation thatextendsbeyond governmentagencies andscientific communitiesto includestudents,hobbyist^and anyonewho maypotentiallystand to be affectedby the use ofCubeSattechnology.

36.Given theeasier accessibilityto space,it isti meto thinkabout howto preventmisuse ofsatellites

37.A groupof mini-satellites canwork togetherto accomplishmorecomplextasks

38.The greateraccessibility ofmini-satellites increasesthe risksoftheirirresponsibleuse.

39.Even schoolpupils canhave theirCubeSats putinorbitowing tothe loweredlaunching cost

40.A MSAT iscareful aboutsharinginformationwith outsidersto preventhijacking oftheir satellites

41.NASA offersto launchCubeSats freeof chargefor educationaland researchpurposes

42.Even withconstraints itis possiblefor somecreative developersto takethe CubeSattechnologyin directionsthat resultin harmfuloutcomes.

43.While makingsignificant contributionsto spacescience CubeSatsmayposehazards toother spacevehicles

44.Mini-satellites enableoperatorstostudyEarthfrom LEOand spacearound it

45.AMS AToperates on the principleofhavingall itstechnicaldataaccessible toits me mberspreventingthe abuseof amateursatellitesSection CDirections:There are2passages inthissectionEach passageis followedby somequestions orunfinishedstatements Foreach ofthem thereare fourchoices markedA）,B）,C）and D）.You shoulddecide onthe bestchoiceand markthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet2withasingle linethrough thecentraPassage OneQuestions46to50are basedonthefollowing passage.When Ire-entered thefulPtime workforcea fewyears agoafter adecade ofsolitary self-employment,there wasone thingI waslooking forwardtothe most:the opportunityto havework friendsonce againItwasrit untilI entered the corporate world thatI realized,for meatleast,being friends with colleaguesdidrft emergeasapriority atall This is surprisingwhen youconsider theprevailing emphasisby scholarsandtrainers andmanagers onthe importanceof cultivatingclose interpersonalrelationships at work.So much（同事的）research has explored theway inwhich collegialties canhelp overcomea rangeof workplaceissuesaffecting productivityandthequality ofwork outputsuchasteam-based conflict,jealousy,undermininganger;and morePerhapsmy expectationsof lunches,water-cooler gossipand caringdeep-and-meaningful conversationswerea legacyofthelast timeI wasin thatkind ofoffice environmentW hereasnow,as Inear theend ofmyfourth decadeI realizework canbe fullyfunctional andentirely fulfillingwithout needingto bebestmates withthe peoplesitting nextto you.厂In anacademic analysisjust publishedin theprofound］respected Journalof Management,researchers（概括）have lookedat theconcept of indifferent relationship^.It sa simpleterm thatencapsulatesthe factthat relationshipsat workcan reasonablybe non-inti mate,inconsequential,unimportant andeven,dare Isay it,disposable orsubstitutableIndifferent relationshipsare neitherpositive nornegative Theli mitedresearch conductedthus farindicatestheyreespecially dominantamong those who valueindependence overcooperation,and harmonyoverconfrontation Indifferenceis alsothe preferredoption among thosewhoare sociallylazy.M aintainingrelationshipsoverthelong termtakes effortFor someof us,too mucheffortAs notedabove,indifferent relationshipsmay notalways bethe mosthelpful approachin resolvingsomeof theissues thatpop upat workBut thereare nonethelessseveral empiricallyproven benefitsOne ofthose（产出）.is efficiency.Less timechatting andsocializing meansmore timeworking andchurningThe otheris self-esteem.As humanbeings wdre primedto compareourselves toeach otherin whatisan anxiety-inducing phenomenon.Apparently,we lookdown onacquaintances moreso thanfriends Sincethe formerismostcommonamongthoseinclined towardsindifferent relationships,their predominancecan bolsterindividual^sense ofself-worth.Ego aside,a thirdadvantage isthat theem otionalneutrality ofindifferent relationshipshas beenfoundto enhancecritical evaluation,to strengthenond sfocuson taskresolution,andtogain greateraccessto valuableinformation None of thatmight beas funas aftei^work socializingbut,hey,I Utakeit anyway.

46.What didthe authorrealize whenhere-enteredthecorporate worldAMaking newfriendswith his workmates wasnot aseasy ashe hadanticipatedB Cultivatingpositive inteipersonalrelationships helpedhi mexpel solitaryfeelingsC Workingin thecorporateworld requiresmore interpersonalskills thanself-e mploymeritD Buildingclose relationshipswithhiscolleagues wasnot asi mportantashe hadexpected

47.Whatdo we learn fromm anystudies aboutcollegial relationshipsAInharmonious relationshipshave anadverse effecton productivityBHarmonious relationshipsare whatmany companiesaim tocultivate.C Closecollegial relationshipscontribute verylittle toproduct qualityDConflicting relationshipsin theworkplace existal mosteverywhere

48.What canbe inferredabout relationshipsatworkfromanacade micanalysisA Theyshould becultivated.B They are virtuallyirrelevantC Theyare vitalto corporatecultureD Theyshould bereasonably intimate

49.What doesthe authorsay aboutpeoplewhoare sociallylazyA Theyfeel U neo mfortablewhen engagingin socialinteractionsB Theyoften findthemselves inconfrontation withtheir colleaguesCTheyareUnwilling tomake effortsto maintainW orkp lacerelationshipsD Theylack basiccom municationskills indealing withinterpersonal issues

50.What isone ofthe benefitsofindifferentrelationshipsA Theyprovide funat Work.B Theyhelp controlemotionsC Theyhelp resolvedifferencesD Theyimprove Workefficiency.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are basedonthefollowing passage.Inafew decades,artificial intelligenceAI willsurpass manyoftheabilities that we believemakeus specialThisisa grandchallenge forour ageand itmay requirean“irrationaT response；One ofthe mostsignificant piecesof newsfrom theUS inearly2017was theefforts ofGoogle tomakeautonomous drivinga realityAccording toa report,Googld sseLFdriving carsclocked1,023,330km,andrequired humanintervention124times.That isone interventionabout every8,047km ofautonom ousdrivingBut evenmore impressiveis theprogress in just asingle year:human interventionsfell from

0.8times perthousandmiles to

0.2,a400%improvement With suchprogress,Googld scars willeasily surpassmy owndrivingability laterthis yearDrivingonce seemedto bea veryhuman skillBut wesaid thatabout chess,too.Then acomputer beat围棋the hu man worldchampion,repeatedly.The boardgame Gotook overfrom chessasanew testfor humanthinkingin2016,when acomputer beatoneofthe worldsleading professionalGo playersWith computersconqueringwhat usedto bedeeply humantasks,what willit meanin thefuture to be humanI worryaboutmy six-year^old son.What willhis placebe ina worldwhere machinesbeat usinonearea afteranother Hd11never calculatefaster;never drivebetter;orevenfly moresafely;Actually,it allcomes downtoafairlysimple question:W hafsso specialabout usIt carftbeskills likearithmetic,which machinesalready excelinSo far;machines havea prettyhard time em ulatingcreativity arbitraryenough notto bepredicted byacomputer;and yetmorethansi mplerando mnessPerhaps,if wecontinue toim proveinform ation-processing machines,wd Usoonhave helpfulrationalassistants Sowe mustaim tocomplement therationality ofthe machine,rather thanto competewith itIfI mright,we shouldfoster acreative spiritbecause adose ofillogical creativitywill complement therationalityofthemachine,Unfortunately however;our educationsystem hasnot caughtup tothe approachingrealityIndeed,our schoolsand universitiesare structuredto mouldpupils tobe mostlyobedient servantsofrationality andto developoutdated skillsin interactingwith outdatedmachines Weneed tohelp ourchildrenlearn howto bestwork with smart computersto improvehuman decision-making.But mostof allwe needto keepthelongterm perspectivein mind:that evenif computerswill outsmartus,we canstill bethemostcreativeBecause ifwe arentweworf tbe providingmuch valuein futureecosystems,and thatmay putin questionthefoundation forour existence.

51.What isthe authors greatestconcern abouttheuseof AIACo mputersare performinglots ofcreative tasksBMany abilitieswill ceasetobeunique tohumanbeings.C Computersmay becomemore rationalthan humans.D Manyhuman skillsare fastbecoming outdated

52.What impresses theauthor mostinthe field ofAIA Googldsexperi mentaldriverless carsrequire littlehum anintervention.B Googldscars havesurpassed hisdriving abilityinjustasingleyearC Googlehas madehuge progressin autonomousdriving ina shorttime.D Googlehas becomea worldleader inthefieldof autonomousdriving.

53.What dowelearnfrom thepassage aboutcreativityA It is rationalBItispredictableC Itis humanspecific;D Itis yettobee mulatedby AI.

54.What shouldschools helpchildren dointheera ofAIA Cultivateoriginal thinkingBLearn towork independently;C CompetewithsmartmachinesD Understandhow AIworks.

55.How canwe humansjustify ourfuture existenceABy constantlyoutsmarting computersBBy adoptingalong-^term perspectiveCBy rationallycompromising withALD Byproviding valuewith ourcreativity.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes totranslate apassage fromChinese intoEnglish Youshouldwrite youranswer onAnswerSheet2汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字而不是以字母构成的目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语character是最古老的在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉子有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。