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Unit4SharingI.阅读理解APatients in the earlystages ofAlzheimers diseaseoften struggleto rememberrecentlylearned information,meaning theyforget thingslike importantappointments orwhere theylefttheir keys.But itseems that these memoriesare notlost.They arestill filedawayin thebrain somewhere;they justcan，t beeasily accessed.Now,researchers atMIT havedeveloped ameans ofgetting back memories in mice sufferingfromAlzheimer，s.The methodrelies ona techniquethat useslight tocontrol geneticallymodifiedneurons（转基因神经元）.Currently it is tooearly to be used in human trials asitinvolves insertinglight emitting（发光）equipment intothe subjects，brains,but thesameprinciples stillapply,the researcherssaid.“The importantpoint isthat thisis evidenceof theconcept.That is,even ifa memoryseemstobegone,itisstill there.Its amatter ofhow to get Ltback,“said theseniorresearcher SusumuTonegawa.The teamtook twogroups ofmice,one geneticallyengineered todevelop Alzheimersandone healthy.They thenplaced theminto aroom andgave thema mildelectric shock.Allof the mice showedfear whenput backan hourlater.When placedin theroom athird timeseveraldays later,the Alzheimers mice actednormally.They hadforgotten the shock..The researcherswere thenable tobring backthe memoryof the shock byactivating（激活）the cellsin whichthe memorieswere stored.Even when themicewere putinto anunfamiliarroo,m,they showedfear whenthe cellsassociated with theshockwere activated.Short-term memoriesseem tobe normalin orderof hours.But forlong-term memories,these early-Alzheimer，s miceseem tobe damaged,“said thelead researcherDheeraj Roy.Directly activatingthe cellsthat webelieve areholding thememory helpsthem getit back.This suggeststhat itis indeedan accessproblem tothe information,not thatthey areunableto learnor storethis memory.”［语篇解读］本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术
1.What canwe learnabout the researchers atMITA.They arethe pioneersof brainresearch.B.They haveused themethod inhumantrials.C.They cancure Alzheimersusing thenew method.D.They canget backmemories inmice withAlzheimer，s.解析细节理解题根据第二段的第一句Now,researchers atMIT havedeveloped ameansof gettingbackmemoriesinmicesuffering fromAlzheimers.”可矢口,他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆答案D
2.Why didthe Alzheimers mice behavenormally thethird timeA.They failedto rememberthe electricshock.B.They wereaccustomed tothe situation.C.They managedto overcomethe fear.D.They activatedthe associationautomatically.解析细节理解题根据第四段的“the Alzheimersmice actednormally.They hadforgottentheshock.”可知,这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击答案A
3.For long-term memories,the early-Alzheimer，smice.A.can transformtheir braincellsB.can，t learnnew trickswellC.can easilyget backtheir memoriesD.can，t accessthe informationstored解析推理判断题根据最后一段的“But forlong-term memories,these early-Alzheimer，smiceseem tobe damagedv和“Directly activating...this memoryv可知，对于长期记忆来说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为（脑细胞）已经被损害，不能获得这种已经储存的信息答案D
4.The mainpurpose of the textis to.A.introduce amethod of a researchB.report thelatest discoveryabout adiseaseC.give adviceon howto improvememoriesD.explain howa brainstores information解析作者意图题通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现答案BBIf youfollowed the2016Olympic Games,you mayhave noticedthat severalathletes,including USswimmer Michael Phelps,had circularbruises ontheir bodies.These bruiseswerethe resultof cupping（拔火罐）therapy”,a traditionalChinese medicinalpracticethat hasbeen aroundfor morethan2,000years.Many athletessay thatthey havebenefited from the therapy.Phelps usedthe therapyinthe fallof2014and hasused itabout twicea weeksince,reported ABCNews.AnotherUS swimmer,Dana Vollmer,also believesthat“it reallyhelps withblood flow”.However,some havesaid thatthe supposedhealth effectsresult frompeoples feelingthatthe treatmentworks,rather thanany physicaleffect of the treatment.To figureout cupping therapy has any physicaleffect,last yearresearchers fromGermanycarried outa testin whicha false treatment wasprovided.In thestudy,the sametype ofcups wasusedinthe realtreatment andthe false treatment.But inthe falsetreatment,the cupshad ahole atthe topso thatthey couldn，t createtheproper suction（吸力）.The testedpatients,who sufferedfrom adisorder thatcaused alot ofpain,were toldthatthey wouldreceive.either traditionalcupping or“soft cupping”.But theywere notinformedthattheso-called“soft cupping“was afalsetreatment.It turnedout thatmost patientscorrectly guessedwhich kindof cuppingthey hadreceived.In bothgroups,patients alsoexperienced aboutthe same reductions in pain.Theresults suggestthe effectsof cupping therapy mightcome fromfactors thatare notnecessarilypart ofthe treatmentitself,theresearcherstold theLiveSciencewebsite.The questionof whethercupping therapyworks stillneeds tobe answered.But becausethe treatment is relatively safeand itcould behelpful forsome people,the therapycanbe used as part ofacomprehensive treatmentprogram involvingother exercises,nutritionalchoices and lifestyle changing,“Dr BrentBauer,director ofthe USComplementary andIntegrativeMedicine Programat MayoClinic,told LiveScience.［语篇解读］本文主要.介绍了中国传统医疗方式拔火罐的实际疗效问题
5.Why isMichaelPhelpsmentioned inthe passageA.To giveathletes a new way to swimfaster.B.To provideathletes withanewway oftreatment.C.To introducethe topicon cupping therapy.D.To showswimmers sufferfrom disorders.解析推理判断题根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知，提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题，即拔火罐疗法是否有效，故选C答案C
6.The purposeofthetest byresearchers fromGermany wasto.A.promote thehealth effectsof cupping therapyB.see whethercuppingtherapyhasaphysical effectC.compare traditionalcupping withsoft cuppingD.compare cuppingtherapy，s effectson differentgroups of people解析细节理解题根据第四段整体内容可知，实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效答案B
7.What can be learnedfrom thepassageA.Different peopleneed differenttypes ofcuppingtherapy.B.The realtreatment andfalsetreatmentalmost havethe sameeffects.C.The resultsshow thatcuppingtherapyis notpart ofthe treatment.D.Cupping therapyis onlyeffective whenused withlifestyle changing.解析细节理解题根据倒数第二段的“In bothgroups,patients alsoexperienced aboutthesamereductionsinpain.”可知，实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的答案B
8.According toDr BrentBauer,cuppingtherapy.A.is afast andeasy treatmentfor peopleto carryoutB.is anewly inventedwaytocure somediseasesC.needs along periodof timeto takeeffectD.can beused togetherwith othertreatments解析细节理解题根据最后一段中的“But becausethetreatmentisrelativelysafe anditcould behelpful forsome people,the therapycanbeusedaspartofa comprehensivetreatmentprogram involvingother exercises,nutritional choicesandlifestylechanging”可知，Dr BrentBauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗答案DII.完形填空A14-year-old Chineseboy overcametwo ofhumankinds mostdreaded fears一gettingstuck in an elevatorand gettinghomework doneinasingle nightthanks to his quick-witted（反应敏捷的）character.Sun Yixiaowas onhis wayup lastTuesday eveningafter schoolwhenthelift suddenlystopped.A momentof
1.followed beforethe teenagerdecided totake2into his own handsandfind away out.Sun saidhe triedto pry（撬）the elevatordoor open,but3there couldbea malfunction（机器故障）that wouldsend theelevator4a freefall,he5the ide«aandinstead6against thewall.He thenpressed allthe buttonsinthehope ofgetting theelevatorto workagain,but invain.Sun thenpushed the“Stop”button tolock theelevator andmakesure itwouldn，t move.7a cellphoneat hand,Sun tried8to getthe attentionof peopleoutside,but noone responded9time passedby.But theyoung boydidn，t giveup.He slippeda note10the doorwiththemessage^People stuckinside；please asktheproperty managementforhelp”and hopedsomeone wouldpick itup andact iton.After11all hisoptions,the12kid decidedto tendtohishomework,not knowinghow longit wouldtake13someone foundhim.He tookout histextbooks and14himself withhis dailyhomeworkroutine.Soon afterhe finishedhis duties,Sun heardloud voicescoming from
15.There wasa large,crowd outside,including myteachers andother parents；peoplelooked quite16，“Sun saidthe momenthe wasrescued.He hadbeen trappedfor fivehoursnby thehelp arrived.On China/s Twitter-like Weibo,many netizens17the boysbravery andcalmness intheface ofsuch
18.“The guymust have19the advantagesand disadvantagesofthesituation hehad agreat chanceto survivean20elevator,but wouldhave beendoomed ifhe lefthomeworkundone,“joked©Zealshifang.［语篇解读］本文主要讲述了中国14岁男孩儿孙轶潇在电梯出了故障后不仅没有惊慌失措，最后还把作业做完了的故事
1.A.panic B.excitementC.confusion D.depression解析与上文的“fears”呼应，主人公在电梯突然停止后，随之而来的是惊慌panic惊慌；excitement“激动”；confusion“困惑”；depression“抑郁”答案A
2.A.materials B.substancesC.matters D.events解析根据下文的“find away out”可推知，主人公决定自己处理这种意外情况，与上文的“overcame”呼应take mattersinto one，sownhands固定搭配，意为“亲自处理某事”答案C
3.A.considering B.tellingC.understanding D.ignoring解析根据语境可知，主人公试图撬电梯，但考虑到电梯出了故障可能会自由下坠consider“考虑”答案A
4.A.onto B.intoC.within D.from解析send sth.into sth.为固定词组，意为“使进入（某种状态）”，此处表示“使电梯自由下落”答案B
5.A.formed B.abandonedC.rejected D.accepted解析根据上文的“but”和下文的“instead”可推知，主人公放弃了自己之前的想法abandon抛弃，放弃”答案B
6.A.stood B.JayC.knelt D.leaned解析根据常识可知，在电梯出故障时，最好靠着电梯内墙lean“靠在”答案D
7.A.With B.WithoutC.Through D.By解析根据语境可知，主人公手边没有手机，故用Without表示“没有”答案B
8.A.screaming B.cryingC.whispering D.yelling解析:根据空后的“to getthe attentionof peopleoutside”可推知，主人公当时大声喊叫，希望有人能够听到，以便得到帮助，yell“叫喊”答案D
9.A.with B.asC..when D.while解析此处as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，表示“随着时间的流逝，没有人回应他”答案B
10.A.from B.byC.through D.across解析根据语境可知，困在电梯里的主人公通过电梯门缝塞出求救便条through“穿过”，表示立体概念；across“横过”，表示平面概念答案C
11.A.exhausting B.wearingC.completing D.finishing解析根据语境可推知，主人公用尽了各种能想到的求救办法，都没有得到回应exhaust耗尽，使筋疲力尽”答案A
12.A.handsome B.terrifiedC.practical D.modest解析根据语境可知，主人公决定做作业，这说明他是一个务实的practical孩子答案C
13.A.before B.afterC.when D.until解析此处表示“在有人发现他之前”，符合语境，故用before引导时间状语从句
14.A.occupied B.chargedC.devoted D.abandoned答案A解析occupy sb.with sth.为固定词组,意为“使某人忙于某事，结合语境可知,主人公开始埋头做作业了
15.A.inside B.outsideC.upside D.downside答案A解析根据上文的“togetthe attentionofpeopleoutside”可推知，后来主人公听到外面有很大的声音，与下文的There wasa.large crowdoutside,including myteachersand otherparents”呼应答案B
16.A.relieved B.delightedC.scared D.puzzled解析根据“he wasrescued可推知，当主人公得救时，人们都松了一口气relieved“感到宽慰的”答案A
17.A.cheered upB.thumbed upC.warmed upD.built up解析根据“bravery andcalmness”可推知，微博上许多网民对主人公的勇敢和冷静评价很高thumb up”竖起大拇指，评价很高”答案B
18.A.emergency B.incidentC.accident D.event解析主人公被困在故障电梯中，这是一种紧急状况emergency“紧急情况”；incident“小事件”；accident意外，交通事故；event”公开活动，重大事件”答案A
19.A.compared B.figuredC.imagined D.weighed解析根据语境可知，此处表示主人公认真权衡weighed了利弊答案D
20.A.out-of-order B.out-of-dateC.out-of-balance D.out-of-shape解析根据上文的多处描述可知，电梯出现故障out-of-order“有故障的”答案AIII.短文改错This morning,I gotan emailfrom the library.It saidthe bookI reservedwas readytobe pickingup.Because I had always been waiting to read it,so atthat momentI wasveryexciting.Outside thelibrary,I sawthe mandriving aroundthe smallparking lot,try to find a parking space.He headfor thedisabled parking space,the onlyone thatwasfree.He gotoff hiscar witha pileof librarybook to return.Seeing that,I offeredtoreturn themto him.He thankedme andjumped quickin hiscar anddrove off,keeping thedisabled parkingspacefree forsomeone neededit.答案pickingready tobe BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,at thatpickedexciting themomentI wasvery Outsidethelibrary,excited Isaw mandriving aroundtheThis morning,I gotan emailfromthelibrary.It saidthe bookI reservedwastry headsmallparking lot,二—:—tofindaparkingspace.He;------------;-7for thedisabledtrying headedparkingspace,the onlyone thatwas free.He gotoff hiscar witha pileof librarybookto-to return.Seeing that,I offeredtoreturnthem7-him.He thankedme andbooks Iorquickjumpedquick Iycar anddrove off,keeping thedisabledparkingspace freeAfor someoneneededit.who。
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