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阅读理解之说明文A teamof internationalscientists is due toset offfor the world sbiggest icebergin amissionaiming to answer fundamentalquestions about the impactof climate change in the polarregions.The scientists,led by the BritishAntarctic Survey（BAS）,are trying to reacha newlyrevealed ecosystemthat hadbeenhidden for120,000years belowthe Larsen C ice shelf.Last year,part of the Larsen C iceshelf calved（崩解）away,forming ahuge icebergA68which isfourtimes bigger than London,and revealinglife beneathfor the first time.Now scientistssay itis araceagainst time to explore these newecosystems before they aretransformed to the light.Marine biologistDrKatrin Linsefrom theBAS isleading themission.“The calvingof A68provides uswith aunique opportunityto studymarine lifeas itresponds toahuge environmentchange,“she said.It is important thatwe get there quicklybefore theunderseaenvironment changesas sunlightenters thewater.”Professor DavidVaughan,science directorat theBAs,said,“We need to bebold（大月旦的）on thisone.LarsenCis a long way south and there s lots of sea ice in the area,but thisisimportantscience,so wewill tryour best to getthe teamwhere theyneedtobe.He saidclimatechangehad alreadyaffectedthe seaaround Antarcticaand iswarming somecoastal waters.uFuture warmingmay makesome habitatswarm.Where thesehabitats supportunique speciesthat areadapted tolove thecold andnot thewarm,those speciesaregoing toeither moveor die.”There isgrowing concernabout thepossible impactof climatechange in the Antarctic.Earlier thismonth,a reportrevealed thatmelting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica arespeeding upthe alreadyfastpace of the sealevel rise.The research,published by the NationalAcademiesofScience,Engineeringand Medicine,said,“At thecurrent rate,the worlds oceanwill be,on average,at least60cm higherby the end of the century.However,it found that theprocess is accelerating,and morethan threequartersof theacceleration since1993isdueto meltingicesheets inGreenland andAntarctica,the studyshows.
1.Why arethe scientistseager togo to the icebergA.To studyhow the iceberg wasformed.B.To studya newlydiscovered ecosystem.C.To explorea newway to prevent climatechange.nonstop flight around the world ina balloon.Andre Borschbergis anengineer andtrained fighterpilot.The scientistssay they are nottryingto alter theairplane industry.Instead,they want to show that newenergy sources andtechnologies canachieve what some sayis impossible.uWe wantto showwe canfly dayand night in an aircraftwithout adrop offuel.Mr.Piccard said.Some partsof thetrip willrequire thepilots tobe in the tinyplane forfive to six days and nightsina row.So itis goodthat thepilot sseat is also atoilet.The plane s routebegins in the UnitedArab Emirates.The pilotsalso planstops inOman,India,andChina.They willcross thePacific Ocean,stop in the UnitedStates,and continueover southernEurope orNorthAfrica.They plan to arriveback inthe UnitedArab Emiratesin lateJuly orearly August.Internet viewerscan goto theSolar Impulsewebsite tosee the planes location and listen to broadcastsfrom thepilots.
19.Why doesthe planehave widerwingsA.It canfly fasterand landsafely.B.It cangetthe sun s energy easily.C.It maylook likea Boeing
747.D.It will make the plane appearlarger.
20.What doesthe underlinedword“alter“in Para2probably meanA.Improve.B.Change.C.Rebuild.D.Destroy.
21.What dowe know about thetrip madeintheplaneA.It willtake fivetosixdaysand nights.B.It isa nonstopflightaround the world.C.It isbroadcast liveon theInternet.D.It doesnt includeNorth America.
22.What doesthe textmainly talkaboutA.A solarpoweredplane willtravel theglobe.B.A goodway tosave energyhas beenfound.C.A newlybuiltplane consumesno energy.D.Solar energywaits tobe fullyexplored.【文章大意】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学家们将新能源科技运用到飞机上制造太阳能飞机的实验
19.B【解析】细节理解题根据第一段最后两句Those wingsinclude17,000solar units,or cells,whichcapture the sun senergy.The energyallows theplane tofly dayandnight.可知,飞机有更宽的机翼是因为它可以很容易地获得太阳能故选Bo
20.B【解析】词义猜测题根据第二段中Instead,they wantto showthat newenergysourcesand technologiescanachieve whatsome sayis impossible.（相反,他们想要证明，新能源和新技术可以实现一些人所说的不可能实现的目标）可知“科学家们并没有试图改变航空业”所以推知划线词的意思是“改变”故选B
21.C【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段Internet viewerscan gototheSolar Impulsewebsite tosee theplaneslocationandlistentobroadcastsfrom thepilots.（互联网观众可以访问太阳能动力公司的网站，查看飞机的位置，并收听飞行员的广播）可知，关于这次飞行，将在互联网上直播故选C
22.A【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段中A Swissairplane poweredonly byenergy from the sunleft fromAbuDhabi early on March
9.Its creatorshope theplane willmake the first aroundtheworld journey withoutanyfuel.The planeis calledSolar Impulse
2.（3月9日,一架仅靠太阳能供电的瑞士飞机从阿布扎比起飞它的创造者希望这架飞机能进行第一次无燃料环球飞行这架飞机被称为太阳动力2号）可知，本文讲述的是一架太阳能飞机将环游世界故选AD.To explorethe geographyof the LarsenC iceshelf.
2.What dothe underlinedwords“this one”inthefourth paragraphrefer toA.The LarsenC iceshelf.B.Climate change in Antarctica.C.The A68iceberg with the ecosystembeneath it.D.The conditionof animalspecies in Antarctica.
3.What canwe learnabouttheA68iceberg from the textA.It isas bigas London.B.It ispart of an iceshelf inthe Arctic.C.It willdisappear ina veryshort time.D.It hasuncovered anunknown ecosysteminAntarctica.
4.What canwe inferfrom thelast paragraphA.There isno needto worryabout climatechangeinAntarctica.B.The icesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica aremelting at a steadyrate.C.Many creaturesliving indeep waterwill dieout dueto climatechange.D.By2100,the sealevel willhave risento amuch higherlevel thannow.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会
1.B【解析】细节理解题由第二段Now scientistssay itisarace againsttimetoexplorethesenew ecosystemsbefore theyaretransformed tothe light.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统故选Bo
2.C【解析】词义猜测题由第三段The calvingof A68provides uswith aunique opportunityto studymarinelife...可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Professor DavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统故选Co
3.D【解析】细节理解题由第二段…which isfour timesbiggerthanLondon…可知A选项错误由第四段LarsenC isalongwaysouthandthereslotsofseaiceinthe area・••可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误由第一段to reacha newlyrevealed ecosystemthat hadbeen hiddenfor120,000years belowtheLarsenCiceshelf.可知D选项正确C选项在文中没有提到
4.D【解析】推理判断题由最后一段…At thecurrent rate,the worlds oceanswill be,on average,at least60cm higherbythe endof thecentury.可推测D选项正确College visitsare important.Before youmit yearsof yourlife andmoney toa school,be sureyoure choosinga placethat isa goodmatch foryour personalityand interests.You cant getthe“feel”of aschool from any guidebook,so besure to visit thecampus.Below area fewtips forgetting themostout ofyour collegevisit.Explore onYour OwnOfcourse youshould takethe official campus tour,but besure toallow timeto hangaround onyourown.The trained tour guideswill showyou aschool sselling points.But the oldest and prettiest buildingsdont giveyou theentire pictureofa college.Try to walk theextra mileand getthe pletepicture ofthecampus.Read theBulletin BoardsWhenyou visitthe studentcenter,academic buildingsand residencehalls,take afew minutesto readthebulletin boards.They providean easyway tosee whats happeningon campus.The adsfor lectures,clubs andplays cantell youwhatsgoing onoutside theclassrooms.Eat inthe DiningHallYou canget agood feelfor studentlife byeating inthe dininghall.Try tosit with students ifyoucan.Do thestudents seemhappy orstressed Also,is thefood goodAre thereadequate healthyoptionsMany admissionoffices willgive prospectivestudents coupons（优惠券）for freemeals inthe dininghalls.Visit aClass inYour MajorIf you knowwhat you wanttostudy,a classvisit makesa lotof sense.You11get toobserve otherstudents in your field andsee howinvolved theyare inclassroom discussion.Try tostay afterclass forafew minutesand chatwith thestudents toget theirimpressions oftheir professorsand major.Be sureto call in advance to schedule aclassroom visitmostcolleges dont allowvisitors todrop inat classunannounced.Talk toLots ofStudentsYour campus tour guidehas beentrainedtomarket theschool.Try totalk tostudents whoaren tgettingpaid toimpress you.These importantconversations canoften provideyou withinformation aboutcollegelife thatisn tpart ofthe admissionscript.Few universityofficials willtell youif theirstudentsspend allweekend drinkingor studying,but agroup ofrandomstudents might.For moretips,please goto collegeapps.about..
5.The best way toknowaboutacollegein anofficialcampustour is.A.towalkaroundthecampus aloneB.to takepictures ofthe campusC.tovisittheoldestandprettiestbuildings D.to hirea trainedtour guide
6.Reading thebulletin boardscan helpyou.A.decidethe majoryouwantto studyB.find outthe afterclassactivities on campusC.get freecoupons from the admissionofficesD.find outthe optionsof healthyfood
7.Ifyouplantoattend aclass oncampus,.A.drop inataclass inyour majorB.have talkswithstudentsbefore classC.make anappointment inadvanceD.ask theprofessor forpermission
8.To geta realidea ofthe collegeduring avisit,it sbesttotalk toA.famous professorsB.campustourguidesC.admission officersD.random students
9.Where doesthe passageprobably efromA.A newsreport.B.A touristposter.C.An educationaljournal.D.A geographicalmagazine.【文章大意】本文属于说明文，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，可以自行探索，阅读公告栏，在餐厅试吃，旁听课程和与其他同学交谈
5.A【解析】细节理解题根据第一个标题下的第一句中的〃but besure toallow timeto hangaround onyourown〃可知，要想了解一所大学，最好能独自在校园逗留一段时间故选A
6.B【解析】细节理解题根据第二个标题下的They providean easyway tosee whats happeningoncampus,可知，公告栏可以让你了解校园课外活动的相关信息故选B
7.C【解析】细节理解题根据第四个标题下的Be suretocallinadvancetoschedulea classroomvisitmostcolleges dont allowvisitors todrop inon classunannounced可知，并不是所有的课都o可以旁听的，你需要提前预约故选C
8.D【解析】细节理解题根据第五个标题下的You11get toobserve otherstudentsinyourfieldand seehowinvolved theyare inclassroom discussion可知，要想真正了解一所大学的情况，最好能随机地和一些学生交谈故选D
9.C【解析】推理判断题根据全文内容可知，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，所以最有可能来自教育期刊故选CAgainst the supposition that forest fires in Alaska,Canada andSiberia warm the climate,scientistshave discovered that cooling may occur in areaswhere burnttrees allow more snow to mirrormore sunlightinto space.This findingsuggests thattaking stepsto preventnorthern forestto limitthe releaseof greenhousegases may warm the climate in northern regions.Usually largefires destroyedforests inthese areasoverthe pastdecade.Scientists predictthat withclimate warming,fires mayoccur more frequently overnextseveral centuriesas aresult ofa longerfire season.Sunlight takenin bythe earthtends tocause warming,while heatmirrored back into spacetends tocause cooling.This isthe firststudy toanalyze allaspects ofhow northernfires influenceclimate.Earlier studiesbyother scientists have suggestedthat firein northernregions speedup climatewarming becausegreenhousegases fromburning treesand plantsare releasedinto the atmosphere andthus trapheat.Scientists foundthat rightafter the fire,large amountsof greenhousegases enteredthe atmosphereandcaused warming.Ozone（臭氧）levels increased,and ashfrom thefire fellon faroff seaice,darkeningthe surface and causingmore radiationfromthesun tobe takenin.The followingspring,however,the landwithin thearea ofthefire wasbrighter thanbeforethefire,because fewertrees coveredthe ground.Snowon the ground mirroredmore sunlight back into space,leading tocooling.“We needto findout allpossible waysto reducethe growthof greenhousegases intheatmosphere.”Scientists trackedthe changein amountof radiationentering andleaving theclimate systemas aresultof thefire,and founda measurementclosely relatedtotheglobal airtemperature.Typically,fire innorthernregions occursinthesame areaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhen fireoccursmorefrequently,more radiationis lost fromthe earth andcooling results.Specifically,theydetermined whenfire returns20years earlierthan predicated,
0.5watts persquare meterof areaburnedare soakedup bythe earthfrom greenhousegases,but
0.9watts persquare meterwill besent backinto space.The neteffect iscooling.Watts areused tomeasurethe rateat whichenergy isgained orlostfromtheearth.
10.According tothe newfindings,taking stepsto preventnorthern forest fires may.A.result ina warmingclimateB.cause theforest firesto occurmore frequentlyC.lead toa longerfire seasonD.protect theforests andthe environmentthere
11.The followingare all the immediate effects aftera forestfire EXCEPT.A.large amountsof greenhousegases enterthe atmosphereB.the levels of ozonewhich isa typeof oxygenincreaseC.snow on the groundmirrors more sunlightbackinto spaceD.ashes fromthefirefall ontheicesurfaceandtake inmore radiationfromthesun
12.Earlierstudies aboutnorthern forestfires.E.analyze allaspects ofhow northernfires influenceclimateF.indicate thatforestfireswill pollute the atmosphereG.suggest thatpeople shouldtake measuresto protectthe environmentH.suggest that the fireswill speedup climatewarming
13.The underlinedphrase“soak up“inthelast paragraphmost probablymeans.A.released B.absorbedC.created D.distributed
14.From thepassage wecan drawa conclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,Canada andSiberia may.A.warmtheclimate asthesuppositiongoesB.allowmore snowtoreflect moresunlight intospace andthus coolthe climateC.destroy largeareas offorests andpollutethefaroff seaiceD.help togain more energy ratherthan releasemoreenergy
10.A【解析】细节理解题根据第二段1,2行This findingsuggests thattaking stepstopreventnorthernforest firesto limitthe releaseof greenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions说明这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖故A正确
11.C【解析】推理判断题根据第四段后三行The followingspring,however,the landwithintheareaofthefire wasbrighter thanbeforethefire,because fewertrees coveredthe ground.Snow onthegroundmirroredmore sunlightbackintospace,leading tocooling.说明土也上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediateeffects故C符合要求
12.D【解析】细节理解D正确
13.B【解析】推理判断题根据本句
0.5watts persquare meterof areaburned aresoakedupby theearthfrom greenhousegases,but
0.9watts persquare meterwill besent backintospace.说明该词与send back该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为send back指反射故B正确
14.B【解析】细节理解题根据文章第一段第二行scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhere burnttrees allowmoresnowto mirrormoresunlightintospace.可知选Bo Forallthepressures andrewardsof regionalization（土也区化）and globalization,local identitiesremain themost deeplyimpressed.Even iftheendresult of globalization isto makethe worldsmaller,its scopeseems tofoster theneedfor moreprivate localconnections amongmany individuals.As BernardPoignant,mayor ofthe townof QuimperinBrittany,told theWashington Post,“Man isa fragileanimal andhe needshis closeattachments.Themore opentheworldbees,the moreties therewill beto ones rootsand ones land.”In mostmunities,local languagessuch asPoignants Bretonserve astrong symbolicfunction as a clearmarkof“authenticity（原真性）”.The sumtotal ofa munity,s sharedhistorical experience,authenticityreflects anoticeable linefromaculturally idealizedpast tothe present,carried bythe languageandtraditions associatedwiththemunity sorigins.A concernfor authenticityleads mostsecular（世俗的）Israelis todefend Hebrewamong themselveswhile alsoacquiring Englishand evenArabic.The sameobsessionwith authenticitydrives HasidicJews inIsrael orthe Diasporato championYiddish whilealso learningHebrewand English.In eachcase,authenticity amountstoacentral coreof culturalbeliefs andinterpretationsthat are not onlyresistant toglobalization butalso areactually reinforcedbythe“threat”that globalizationseems topresent tothese historicalvalues.Scholars mayargue thatculturalidentities changeover timein responseto specificreward systems.But localsoften resistsuch explanationanddefend authenticityand localmother tonguesagainst theperceived threatof globalizationwith nearreligiouseagerness.As aresult,never beforein historyhave therebeen asmany standardizedlanguages asthere aretoday:roughly1,
200.Many smallerlanguages,even thosewith farfewer thanone millionspeakers,have benefitedfromstatesponsored orvoluntary preservationmovements.On themost informallevel,muni tiesin Alaskaandthe Americannorthwest haveformed Internetdiscussion groupsinan attempt to pass on Native Americanlanguagesto youngergenerations.In theBasque,Catalan,and Galicianregions ofSpain,such movementsarefiercely politicaland frequentlyinvolved loyalresistance tothe Spanishgovernment overpoliticaland linguisticrights.Projects haveranged froma campaignto printSpanish moneyinthefour officiallanguagesofthe state tothe creationof languageimmersion nurseryand primaryschools.Zapatistas inMexicoare championingthe revivalof Mayanlanguages inan equallypolitical campaignfor localautonomy.In additionto causingthe feelingofthesubjective importance of localroots,supporters oflocallanguages defendtheir continueduse onpractical grounds.Local tonguesfoster higherlevelsofschoolsuccess,higher degreesof participationin localgovernment,more informedcitizenship,and betterknowledgeof ones ownculture,history,and faith.Government andrelief agenciescan alsouse locallanguagesto spreadinformation aboutindustrial andagricultural techniquesas wellas modernhealth caretodiverse audiences.Development workersin WestAfrica,for example,have foundthatthebestwayto teachthevast numberof farmerswith littleor noformal educationhow tosow androtate cropsfor higheryieldsis inthese localtongues.Nevertheless,both regionalizationand globalizationrequire thatmore andmorespeakers oflocal languagesbe multiliterate.
15.In paragraph1,the authorquoted amayor sword toshowthat globalization.A.strengthens localidentities B.weakens regionalizationC.strengthens individualismD.weakens localattachments
16.The influenceofglobalizationon authenticityis thatit.A.weakens theauthority ofauthenticityB.prevents thedevelopment ofauthenticityC.enhances theimportanceofauthenticityD.promotes thematurity ofauthenticity
17.In termsof campaignsfor languageprotection,America differsfrom Spainand Mexicoin thatA.its volunteershave enoughsponsorship fromthestate.B.its locals are notinterested infinding nativeAmericans.C.its youthsare eagerto passonthelocal traditions.D.its movementsarenotpolitical.
18.Which ofthe followingstatements isNOT trueA.Practically,local languagesare lessused thanEnglish.B.Local languagesare moreimportant indaily life.C.The smallertheworldis,the moreunited thelocalsare.D.The relationbetween localizationand globalizationis doublewin.【文章大意】本文是说明文对于区域化和全球化的所有压力及其回报来说，本地的认同还是最关键的即使全球化的最终结果是促使世界变小了，这一能力依然促进了众多个体最初在本土相连的需求世界越是变得开放，其本源与本土的连接就会越紧密文章列举了当地文化的现状及各国采取的保护措施
15.A细节理解题根据第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是为了说明全球化让世界越变越小，但它也促使个体之间更加亲密，增加了地方认同故选A
16.C推理判断题根据第二段In eachcase,authenticity amountstoacentral coreof culturalbeliefs andinterpretationsthat arenot onlyresistant toglobalization butalso areactually reinforcedbythe“threat”thatglobalizationseems topresent tothese historicalvalues.得知，全球化对真实性的影响是增强了真实性的重要性故选C
17.D细节理解题根据第三段munities inAlaska andthe Americannorthwest haveformed Internetdiscussiongroups inanattempttopassonNativeAmerican languagesto youngergenerations.阿拉斯加和美国西北部的社区已经形成了互联网讨论会来保护语言，而西班牙和墨西哥通过政治活动保护语言故选D.
18.A细节理解题根据最后一段得知，地方语言的众多用处，但并没有明确比较地方语言和英语在实际应用方面孰多孰少A项表述错误故选AA Swissairplane poweredonly byenergy fromthesunleft fromAbu DhabiearlyonMarch
9.Its creatorshopetheplanewillmakethefirstaroundtheworldjourneywithout anyfuel.The planeis calledSolarImpulse
2.It hasone seatand ismade fromcarbon fiber.The planeweighs onlyas muchasacar butits wingsarewider thana Boeing
747.The planes wingsstretch72meters across.Those wingsinclude17,000solar units,or cells,which capturethesunsenergy.The energyallows theplane tofly dayandnight.Two Swissscientists builttheplane.Bertrand Piccardisalsoan explorerwho madethefirst。
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