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（）measurements activityof theheart todetermine howhard peopleexerted themselvesin cognitive tasks ofvarying（在第一个有名参与者的实验中，研究人员使用心血管测量（心脏活动）来确定人们在不同难difficulty levels121度的认知任务中的努力程度）”可知，研究者们通过使用心血管测量方法来确认参与者在认知任务上付出的努力故选C【题详解】10推理判断题根据倒数第二段中Subjects whohad previouslybeen rewardedfor effortsubsequently chosemoredifficult tasks than subjectsin thecontrol group,even thoughthey wereaware that they wouldno longerreceive an.（之前因为努力而获得奖励的受试者随后比对照组的受试者选择了更难的任务，即使他们知道自external reward己将不再获得外部奖励）”可知，因为努力而获得奖励的测试者们更加有挑战自我的动力故选A【题详解】11主旨大意题根据第二段的uHowever,there aremany situationsin everydaylife in which peopleseem toexert（努力）（然而，在日常生活中有很多情况下，人themselves voluntarily,even ifthere isno obviousexternal reward.们似乎自愿努力，即使没有明显的外部奖励）”以及全文内容可知，文章讲述了人们愿意为不愉快的认知努力而努力和花费数小时的精力文章通过实验研究揭示该现象的原因在于认知努力会更加激发人们挑战自我的动力故文章最好的标题是学会享受认知上的努力，这样才会更加激发人们挑战困难的动力故选BDDaily lifehas itssatisfactions.The perfectreply toa friend^text message.The firstafter-work drink.But doanyreally compare to thejoy ofgoing to sleep Somehowwe havepushed thispleasure to the backof thequeue.A thirdofAmerican adultsreport sleepingless than the recommendedseven hours.For some,the problemis modernlife:emails,to-do listsand screens.For otherpeople,its thedemands ofwork or（标准）family.Then there are thosewho cantsleep whenthey try.Up toone in10adults couldmeet thecriteria for（失眠）.insomniaThe mixof experienceshas ledus to take sleepingmore scientifically.A centuryago,we werentaware that thebrains electricalactivity changesduring sleep.Now theresevidence that a lack of sleepis associatedwith higherrisk ofdepression,cancer,Alzheimers andobesity.Research publishedin theEuropean HeartJournal recentlyreports thatheartdisease waslower amongpeople whowent tosleep between10pm and11pm,no matterhow longthey slept.Such researchis allwell andgood.But afterthe riseof stepcounters,is sleepthe nextpart of human experiencethatwill becomeincreasingly tracked,counted andcompared Wesigh atLinkedln userswho claimto wakeup at5am andlearnChinese.But whatif peopleare toocommitted toa goodsleep Sleepresearcher MatthewWalker oncesaid,“I havea non-negotiable eight-hour sleepopportunity window.But forme,making onessleep soinflexible juststrikes measrather coldlyindividualistic.Stressing ourselvesout abouta lackof sleepcan a-avatethe problem.In hisbook OvercomingInsomnia andSleepProblems,Oxford professorColin Espiewrites about orthosomnia”,where peoplesattention isso focusedon sleepingwell that they become too anxious to do so.Espie sayswe eachhave asleep patternthat,like ashoe size,we figure out throughtrial anderror.The research onbedtimes between10pm and11pm willcheer thosewho leaveparties earlyand giveup late-night footballhighlights,but（云雀）it establishesno causallink.Genetically,some humansare larksand someare owls.For anowl totry tofight theirnaturalschedule,and sleepearlier,it wouldntnecessarily help.Once wewere urgedtosleepwhen wewere dead.Now theenlightened tellus tosleep orwe willdie.I dontreallybelieve anyof this.A goodnighfs sleepis agreat enjoyment.As faras possible,it shouldalso remain a simpleone.
12.What docsParagraph3mainly tellusA.We paytoo muchattention tosleep hoursB.Our ancestorsalways sufferedfrom alackof sleep.C.Our mentalhealth isclosely related to ourbrain activityD.We nowhave a better understandingof thebenefits ofsleep.
13.What doesthe underlinedword“aggravate“in Paragraph5probably meanA.Ease.B.Worsen.C.Prevent.D.Address.
14.Which of the followingmight Colin Espie agreewithA.We shouldrespect everyonessleep pattern.B.An owlshould tryhard togo againsttheir nature.C.It isnecessary tocompare differentsleep patterns.D.We shouldchange oursleep patternswhen necessary.
15.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thetextA.To showthe importanceofsleep.B.To analyzethe causeof insomnia.C.To persuadepeople togo to bed early.D.To reducepeoples anxietyabout sleep.【答案】
12.D
13.B
14.A
15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文本文主要介绍了各种各样的经验使我们更加科学地看待睡眠，从而减少对睡眠所产生的焦虑题详解】[12主旨大意题根据第三段第一句（各种各样The mixof experienceshas ledus totake sleepingmore scientifically的经验使我们更加科学地看待睡眠）”可知，本段主要介绍了我们对于睡眠有了更好的认知故选D【题详解】13词义猜测题根据所猜词后“In hisbook OvercomingInsomnia andSleep Problems,Oxford professorColinEspiewrites（牛aboutorthosomnia”,where peoplesattention isso focusedon sleepingwellthat theybecometooanxious todoso.津大学教授科林•埃斯皮在他的《克服失眠和睡眠问题》一书中提到了“正睡眠症”，即人们的注意力过于集中在睡个好觉上，以至于他们变得过于焦虑而无法做到这一点）”可知，人的注意力集中在睡个好觉上，会给人带来更多的焦虑，从而导致问题恶化由此推知，所猜词的意思为“恶化、加重”故选B【题详解】14推理判断题根据文章倒数第二段“Espie sayswe eachhave asleep patternthat,like ashoe size,we figureout through（埃斯皮说，我们每个人都有自己的睡眠模式，就像鞋子的尺码一样，我们通过反复试验来确定）”trial anderror.可知，埃斯皮认为每个人的睡觉的模式都是不同的，每个人有着自己的特点由此推知，埃斯皮认为应该尊重每个人的睡眠模式故选A题详解】[15推理判断题根据文章第三段第一句（各种The mixof experienceshas ledustotake sleepingmore scientifically各样的经验使我们更加科学地看待睡眠）”以及最后一段印“A goodnighfs sleis agreat enjoyment.As faras（睡个好觉是一种极大的享受尽可能地，它也应该保持简单）”可知，possible,it shouldalso remain a simpleone我们应该更加科学地看待睡眠，减少对于睡眠的焦虑故选D第二节（共小题;每小题分，满分分）5阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项TVs canbe recycled,and while the processmay involvesome legwork,its oftenworth thetrouble comparedwith the（沉的负担）alternative.An unwantedTV canfeel likean albatrossaround yourneck especiallyif itsan oldone,whichtends to be heavierand bulkierthan newerTVs.16If theTV stillworks,the bestoption maybe tosell ordonate itrather thanskipping aheadto recycling.If itdoesnt work,though,or ifyou havedifficulty findingsomeone whowants it,you stillhave other environmentallyresponsible options.Like manyelectronic devices,TVs containa varietyof materialssuch asplastic,heavy metals,and other toxins thatcanpose apollution riskif notdealt withproperly.17Even ifyou faceno legalconsequences fortossing aTV into thetrash,however,there are also practicaland ethicalreasons whyrecycling is a betterdecision.18It is a goodidea tocheck ifyour localrecycling orwaste-management authorityaccepts e-waste insome form,like special pickup days or drop-off events;just dontexpect itto bequite aseasy asputting outyour weeklypaper and plasticrecycling.While someelectronic deviceslike cellphones arecommonly freeto recycle,be readyto pay a feefor TVrecycling.That mightseem unfair:Youre givingaway aTV fullof usefulmaterials to be recycledand reused,so whyshould youhave to payanything1920If theTV especiallylarge orheavy,consider askingsomeone tohelp youcarry it.A.TVs containboth potentiallyharmful andpotentially valuablematerials.B.Recycling ofTVs andothere-waste isrequired bylaw in25U.S.states.C.TVs maybe recyclable,but thatdoesnt meanthey cango directlyinto yourrecycling bin.D.Recycling aTV oftenmeans physicallytransporting itsomewhere,which istiring andneeds cooperation.E.Combined withthe bulkysize and heavy weightof manyTVs,this addsexpense to the recyclingprocess.F.Yet there areafew waysto disposeof aTV,depending largely on the TVs condition and your location.G.When TVsfirst arriveatarecycling center,theyre oftenchecked tosee ifthey canbe repairedand reused.【答案】
16.F
17.B
18.C
19.E
20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文本篇文章介绍了电视回收利用时应该注意的事项【题详解】16根据If theTV stillworks,the bestoption maybe tosell ordonate itrather thanskipping aheadto recycling.If itdoesntwork,though,or ifyou havedifficulty findingsomeone whowants it,you stillhave otherenvironmentally responsible（如果电视还能用，最好的选择可能是卖掉或捐献，而不是跳到回收利用然而，如果它不起作用，或options.者你很难找到想要它的人，你仍然有其他对环境负责的选择）”可知，在对电视回收利用之前,需要根据电视的情况以及你的所处环境来进行判断项“然而，有几种处理电视的方法，主要取决于电视的状况和您的位置”F符合语境项中和后面的语境项呼应故选F dependinglargelyon theTVscondition andyourlocationF题详解】[17根据Even ifyou faceno legalconsequences fortossing aTV into the trash,however;there arealso practicaland ethical（然而，即使你把电视扔进垃圾桶没有法律后果，回收利用是一个更好的reasons whyrecycling is abetterdecision.决定也有现实和道德的原因）”可知，空中应该提到有法律规定要对电视进行回收利用项“美国个州的B25法律要求回收电视和其他电子垃圾”，项中的和后面的相呼应故选B“bylaw”“no legal”Bo题详解】[18根据It is a goodidea tocheck ifyour localrecycling orwaste-management authorityaccepts e-waste insomeform,like（最好检查一下您当地的回收或废物管理机构是否以某种形式接受电子废specialpickupdaysordrop-off events;物，如特殊的提货日或卸货活动）”可知，本段主要提到在对电视进行回收利用前要检查好是否电视能够直接进入回收站项“电视可能是可回收的，但这并不意味着它们可以直接进入回收站”符合语境故选CCo题详解】[19根据“While someelectronic deviceslike cellphones arecommonly freeto recycle,be readyto paya feefor TVrecycling.（虽然手机等一些电子设备通常是免费回收的，但要准备好为电视回收支付费用）”可知，本段主要说明有时电视回收是需要付一定的费用的，所以空处需要说明付费的原因项“因为许多电视机体积大、重量重,这增E加了回收过程的费用”符合语境而且项中的和前文中的相呼应故选E“expense”payafee”Eo【题详解】20根据.（如果电视机特别大或很重，If theTV especiallylarge orheavy,consider askingsomeone tohelp youcarry it考虑请人帮你搬）”可知，本段主要提醒电视在回收的过程中需要人力运送，因为很累所以需要合作项“回D收电视机通常意味着将其实际运送到某处，这很累，需要合作”符合语境而且D项中的“needscooperation,,和下文中的u askingsomeone tohelp youcarry it,,相呼应故选D第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分分）30第一节（共小题;每小题分,满分分）15115阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项A BC DInever thoughtthat somethingshared onFacebook wouldhave thepower tochange my life.Pictures of what my friends ate for lunch.Pictures of my grandbaby9s latest feats.And maybea farmgame.These werethe thingsthat Ithought Facebookwas.21,that washow Ispent toomuch timeon ittheseyears.Then ona Marchmorning,a friendspost onFacebook caughtmy22,which said,“Let goof anything23and allactivities thatdo notmirror yourbrightest intentions.The postkept returningto mymind throughoutthe day.I knewmy life at that point was not authentic.It was atthe24ofmyfarm-game obsession.I,along withmy friends,played FarmVille.I hadfive differentfarms infive different games.All in25forms,of course.After adays26on the words,I decidedto writethemonapiece ofpaperandtaped it on mylaptop.One afternoon,I glanceddown atthe wordstaped onmy keyboard.Then I27,and saw the emptybackyardoutside thewindow.Here I was tapingaway onthe28,while a half-acre lotoutside thewindowlay
29.Suddenly,I wasstruck by an30—it was the time to31what the words said to mylife.I32all inauthenticactivities that I usedto beobsessed with.Farm Villeand the other fourfarms wereleft towither凋零away.33,1turned to work in my newly-claimed garden.That34Id copiedbecamea mirrorI usedto35how Ispent mytime andenergy.Thanks tothewords,I eventuallyhave a life
21.A.Gradually B.Eventually C.Actually D.Immediately
22.A.breath B.attention C.curiosity D.heart
23.A.useless B.unnecessary C.worthless D.unreal
24.A.edge B.risk C.height D.cost
25.A.unusual B.virtual C.physical D.different
26.A.reflection B.concentration C.experiment D.research
27.A.turned aroundB.broke upC.hung aroundD.looked up
28.A.computer B.farm C.desk D.spot
29.A.unreachable B.unattractive C.untouched D.unfinishedfilled with activities andpeople thatenrich andfulfill me.
30.A.advantage B.idea C.disaster D.fortune
31.A.compare B.limit C.lead D.apply
32.A.rejected B.disliked C.missed D.forgot
33.A.Otherwise B.However C.Instead D.Therefore
34.A.article B.phrase C.principle D.theory
35.A.examine B.interpret C.evaluate D.reveal【答案】2LC
22.B
23.D
24.C
25.B
26.A
27.D
28.A
29.C
30.B
31.D
32.A
33.C
34.B
35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了作者因为在Facebook上看到了朋友发的一个帖子而改变了自己以前的生活方式，从沉浸虚拟的网络世界中回归到了真实的生活的故事【题详解】22考查副词词义辨析句意事实上，这就是我这些年花了太多时间在这上面的原因逐渐；A.Gradually B.最终；实际上是;立即根据上文Eventually C.Actually D.Immediately Pictures ofwhatmy friends ateforlunch.（我Picturesofmy grandbabyslatestfeats.And maybea farmgame.These werethe thingsthat Ithought Facebookwas.朋友午餐吃什么的照片我孙儿最新壮举的照片也许还有一场农场游戏这些就是我认为是的东西）”Facebook可知，作者看到这些年在上面发表的照片，她觉得实际上正是这些照片是她这些年花了很多时间在Facebook的原因故选Facebook C【题详解】22考查名词词义辨析句意然后在三月的一个早上，我在上看到一个朋友的帖子，帖子上写道“放Facebook弃任何不真实的事情，放弃所有不符合你最美好意愿的活动呼吸；注意；A.breath B.attention C.curiosity好奇心;D.heart心根据空前ua friendspost onFacebook caughtmy,,可知，一个朋友的帖子获得了作者的关注故选B【题详解】23考查形容词词义辨析句意然后在三月的一个早上，我在上看到一个朋友的帖子，帖子上写道:“放Facebook弃任何不真实的事情，放弃所有不符合你最美好意愿的活动无用的；不必要的；A.useless B.unnecessary C.无价值的；不真实的根据下文worthless D.unreal“The postkept returningto mymind throughoutthe day.I knewmy（一整天我都在回想起那篇帖子我知道那时我的生活并不真实）”可知，作lifeatthatpointwasnotauthentic.者注意到的帖子上写着让人们放弃不真实的事情故选D【题详解】24考查名词词义辨析句意那是我对农场游戏痴迷的巅峰时期边缘；风险；高度；A.edge B.risk C.height D.cost费用根据下文」我和“I,along withmyfriends,played FarmVille.I hadfive differentfarms infive differentgames我的朋友一起玩我在五个不同的游戏中拥有五个不同的农场）”可知，作者回想到了对农场游戏痴FarmVille迷的巅峰时期，在……的巅峰时刻”故选attheheight ofC题详解】[25考查形容词词义辨析句意当然,这一切都是虚拟的异常的；虚拟的；身体的;A.unusual B.virtual C.physical D.不同的根据上文我在五个不同的游戏中拥有五个不同different“I hadfive differentfarms infive differentgames]的农场）”可知，作者痴迷于玩电脑上的农场游戏，所以这些都是虚拟的故选B【题详解】26考查名词词义辨析句意经过一天的思考，我决定把它们写在一张纸上，并用胶带粘在笔记本上A.反思；注意力；实验；研究根据上文reflection B.concentration C.experiment D.research“The postkept returning.（一整天我都在回想起那篇帖子）”可知，作者看到朋友的帖子之后，她一直在to mymind throughoutthe day反思自己的生活，所以在经过一天的反思之后，她决定把它们写在一张纸上，并用胶带粘在笔记本上故选A【题详解】27考查动词短语辨析句意然后我抬起头，看到窗外的后院空荡荡的转过身来；分A.turned aroundB.broke up手；闲逛；向上看根据下文（看到窗C.hung aroundD.looked up“sawthe empty backyardoutside thewindow外的后院空荡荡的）”可知，作者看到键盘上的纸条后，她抬起头来看向了窗外故选D【题详解】28考查名词词义辨析句意在这里，我沉迷于电脑，而窗外半英亩的土地则无人问津计算机;A.computer农场;桌子;斑点根据上文我在五个不同B.farm C.desk D.spot“I hadfive differentfarms infivedifferentgames]的游戏中拥有五个不同的农场）”可知，之前作者痴迷于玩电脑上的农场游戏，所以无心打理花园故选Ao【题详解】29考查形容词词义辨析句意在这里，我沉迷于电脑，而窗外半英亩的土地则无人问津无法到A.unreachable达的；不吸引人的;未动的;未完成的根据上文（空荡B.unattractive C.untouched D.unfinished“theemptybackyard荡的后院）”和“可知,之前作者痴迷于玩电脑上的农场游戏,后院空荡荡的，所以自己ahalf-acre lotoutside”的后院的半英亩土地无人打理故选C【题详解】30考查名词词义辨析句意突然，我被一个想法打动了一一是时候把这些话应用到我的生活中去了A.优势；想法；灾难；财富根据下文advantage B.idea C.disaster D.fortune it was the timeto11what可知，作者突然有了一个想法，就是要回归到真实的生活中去故选thewords said to my life.”B【题详解】31考查动词词义辨析句意突然，我被一个想法打动了一一是时候把这些话应用到我的生活中去了A.比较；限制;通向;应用根据下文可知，作者在compare B.limit C.lead D.apply“what thewordssaidtomylife”经过了反思这些话之后，有了一个想法，她想把学到的这些话应用到她的生活中“把……应用apply…to…到……”故选D【题详解】32考查动词词义辨析句意我拒绝了所有我过去沉迷于的不真实的活动拒绝；不喜欢的；A.rejected B.disliked遗漏；忘记根据上文（）C.missed D.forgot Suddenly,I wasstruck byan10—it was thetimeto―11―what thewords可知，作者决定回归到真实的生活中，所以她拒绝了那些不真实的活动故选saidtomylife.A题详解】[33考查副词词义辨析句意相反，我转而在我新认领的花园里工作否则；然而；A.Otherwise B.However CInstead取而代之的是;D.Therefore因此根据下文I turnedtoworkinmynewly-claimed gardenv可知,作者决定放弃所有过去沉迷的不真实的活动，取而代之的是，开始在花园里工作故选C【题详解】34考查名词词义辨析句意我抄的那句话成了一面镜子，我用它来审视我是如何花费时间和精力的文A.article章；短语；原则；学说根据上文语境可知，作者从朋友的帖子里悟出了一些道理，B.phrase C.principle D.theory并把这些话写到纸条上贴在了电脑上所以作者抄的那些话语成了她的一面镜子故选B【题详解】35考查动词词义辨析句意我抄的那句话成了一面镜子，我用它来审视我是如何花费时间和精力的A.examine审查；B.interpret解释C.evaluate评估；D.reveal揭示根据空后“how Ispent mytime andenergyn可知，作者用那些话作为一面镜子，来审视她是如何花费时间和精力的故选A第二节共小题;每小题分，满分分1015阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式In astudy conductedtwelve yearsago nearnatural gaswells inNew Mexico,researchers found that there were75%幼苗fewer pinonpine seedlingsin noisysites thanin quiet
36.This wasmost likelydue tothe noise灌丛鸦，driving awaythe scrub jay whichplants thousandsof pine seeds while37store them to eat during the wintermonths.A researchteam fromCalifornia Instituteof Technologyrecently returnedtothe sites tofind outwhether thepinonpine hadrecovered38time.压缩机39companies changedthesiteswhere theyused noisycompressors tohelp producenatural gas,someof the40previous noisysites hadbecome quiet.The researchersfoundthatin theseareas,therewerestill fewerseedlings41comparetosites thatdidnt havecompressors addedto speedup gasextraction.This showsthat thoughthe noisewas发芽.removed before the pinonpineseeds42plant,they stilldidnt sprout“The effectsofhumannoise pollution43grow intothe structureof thewoodland communitiesat present/5saidbiology professorand seniorauthor Clint Francis.44were seeingnow isthat【答案】45disappear of the noisedoesnt necessarilyimmediately resultinarecovery ofecological function.36ones
37.storing
38.over
39.As##Because##Since
40.previously
41.compared
42.were planted
43.are growing
44.What
45.disappearance【解析】【导语•】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复【题详解】36考查代词句意年前，在新墨西哥州的天然气井附近进行的一项研究中，研究人员发现，在嘈杂的地方，12皮松苗比在安静的地方少根据句意可知，此处表达“皮松苗比在安静的地方少所替代的是同名75%75%”异物，表示泛指，所以用代词来指代安静地区的皮松苗故填nes ones【题详解】37考查非谓语动词句意这很可能是由于噪音赶走了灌丛鸦，它们会在冬天种下数千颗松树种子，并将它们储存起来以备食用在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且有动词时可以省略主语和动词主句be be中，指代即从句完整的形式为which thescrub jay,whilethescrubjayis storingthemtoeatduring thewintermonths故填storingo o【题详解】38考查介词句意来自加州理工学院的一个研究小组最近回到了这些地点，以查明皮松苗是否随着时间的推移而恢复根据上文的以及句意可知，此处表达“随着时间的推移”，所以填入介词构成固定hadrecovered ver短语（随着时间的流逝）”故填“over timeover【题详解】39考查连词句意因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点，一些以前嘈杂的地点变得安静了根据句意可知，此处表达“因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点”，所以用、或as becausesince引导原因状语从句故填、或As BecauseSince【题详解】40考查副词句意见上一题修饰形容词需要用副词故填noisy previously【题详解】41考查非谓语动词句意研究人员发现，在这些地区，与没有增加压缩机以加速气体提取的地点相比，秧苗仍然更少句子的谓语动词为所以此处为非谓语动词非谓语动词何其逻辑主语之间为被were,compare seedlings动关系，所以用过去分词故填compared【题详解】42考查时态语态句意这表明，尽管在种植皮松种子之前消除了噪音，但它们仍然没有发芽分析句子结构，此处为谓语动词结合空格前的可知，此处陈述过去的事实要用一般过去时和之间是was removedseeds plant被动关系故填were plantedoB.Go toa restaurant.C.Visit the womans company.听第段材料，回答第至题
7898.How dothe speakersknow eachotherA.They arefamily members.B.They gotothesame school.C.They teachatthesame school.
9.How hasthe mantried toreach hisbrotherA.He senthim atext.B.He wentto hishouse.C.He lefthim avoicemail.听第段材料，回答第至题
8101210.Which subjectis difficultfor thewomanA.Math.B.History.C.Chemistry.
11.When canthewomanhave tutoringA.On Tuesdays.B.On Thursdays.C.On Fridays.
12.Who isin chargeof theGifted ProgramA.Mr.Jennings.B.Mr.Hobart.C.Mrs.Lee.听第段材料，回答第至题
9131613.What mightthe womansjob beA.Shes adiver.B.Shes alifeguard.C.Shes aswimming instructor.
14.Who calledthe ambulanceA.The woman.B.One of the students.C.The manscolleague.
15.When didthe ambulancearriveA.Immediately.B.Ten minuteslater.C.Twenty minuteslater.
16.How didthe girlreact whenshe awokeA.She didntknow whathappened.【题详解】43考查时态语态句意生物学教授、资深作者说“目前，人类噪音污染的影响正在逐渐渗入林ClintFrancis地群落的结构中”分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词结合时间状语可知，此处表示“正在发生at present的事情”，所以用现在进行时主语是复数，位于也用复数故填effects aregrowing【题详解】44考查主语从句句意我们现在看到的是，噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复此处是主语从句，在从句中缺少“什么”含义作宾语，所以用连接代词引导主语从句故填see whatWhat题详解】[45考查名词句意见上一题此处需要用名词作主语故填disappearance第四部分写作（共两节，满分分）40第一节（满分分）15假定你是李华，上周末你因故没有完成外教布置的影评作业，请给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
46.Mr Smith表示歉意；
1.解释原因；
2.弥补措施
3.注意.写作词数应为左右；180可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
4.【答案】Dear Mr.Smith,Im awfullysorry totell youthat Ididnt finishthe filmreview you assigned lastFriday.Tm writingto expressmysincere apologyto you.Last Saturdaymorning,I fellill suddenlyand had a highfever.After beingexamined ina hospital,Iwastold thatIwould have tobein hospitalfor threedays.It preventedme fromfinishing the task ontime.And Iwould begrateful ifyoucould giveme another two daysfor the task.I sincerelyhope thatyou willunderstand mysituation andaccept myapology.Yours faithfully,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生因为上周末没有完成外教布置的影评作业写一封道歉Mr Smith信极其地玲awfully extremely完成玲finish accomplish表达expressfconvey阻止某人做某事.玲prevent sb.from doingsth stopsb.from doingsth.简单句变复合句原句Last Saturdaymorning,I fellill suddenlyand hada highfever.拓展句【点睛】Last Saturdaymorning,I fellill suddenlyand hada highfever,which mademe feelvery uncomfortable【高分句型（运用了llKm awfullysorry totell youthatIdidnt finishthe filmreview youassigned lastFriday.that引导的宾语从句）【高分句型】（运用了弓|导的2I sincerelyhope thatyou willunderstand mysituation andaccept myapology.that宾语从句）第二节（满分分）25阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.Dad andMadison werewalking throughthe partystore,gathering decorationsfor Madisonsupcoming birthdayparty.“But I dont want to inviteLucy Gilbert!Idontlike her!”“Madison,you arebeing unreasonable.If everygirl inyour classis invitedto partybut you,youll feelleft out.Itwould bea bigmistake notto inviteLucy tothe party.”“She nevereven talksto me!”Dad sighedand moveddown theaisle.Lucy is a newgirl inclass.She justmoved herea littleover amonth ago.Think abouthow thatmust feel.She doesntknow onesingle personin theschool.She leftall of hertoget toknoweveryone.”“No,it wont.She willprobably sitin thecomer andnot talkto anyone.Every dayat lunchshe sitsall byherself.Shewants toeat alone!”Madison shruggedand rolledher eyes.“Madison,Im donediscussing this.You willinvite everygirl inyour class,including LucyGilbert!^^On Saturdaymorning,the familyblew upballoons anddecorated the house cheerfully.Madison wasdressedbeautifully for the day,wearing hernew bluedress.It wasnot typicalofherto dressherself likethis.She usuallywore（缰绳）.sports clothesbecause sheloved tobe outsideriding herhorse Starwith alead ropeMadisongreeted her friendsatthe doorstep,picturing variouspresents herfriends wouldbring her.In themeanwhile,she waswondering whetherLucy wouldruin theparty ifshe came.Anyhow,all thegirls sheinvited camefinally,including Lucy.The girlshadafantastic timeby singingand dancingwhile Lucysat in the cornersilently alone.Later,all thegirlsgathered around the tableas Madisonopened herpresents.Opening themone byone,Madison thankedherfriends,with a注意.续写词数应为左右；.请按如下各式作答bright smileon herface.11502Lucys presentwasthevery lasttobeopened.Deeply movedby whatshe said,Madison heldthe lead rope tightlyin herhands.【答案】Lucys presentwasthevery lasttobeopened.Worrying that it wouldruin theparty,Madison grabbedthepresent reluctantlyand rippedopen thegift-wrap paper.Inside was a delicately hand-made lead rope!Shocked,shewidened her eyes,covering herhands overher mouth.Its alead ropefor yourhorse Star.I madeit bymyself!”Madisonpulled itout of the boxand placeditonher lap,amazed atits beauty.Lucy added,“I heardyou talkingabout yourhorse atschool.Thats whenI gotthe ideato makeyoualead rope.”Deeply movedby whatshe said,Madison heldthe leadrope tightlyin herhands.It was,by far,her veryfavoritebirthday presentof theday.She suddenlyfelt sobad becauseshe hadbeen somean toLucy.With tearsswirling inher eyes,she blinkedhard tofight themback,feeling amixture ofregret andgratitude.Thanks somuch fbrthis leadrope.I loveit!Would youlike to join usand beour friends”Lucy noddedcheerfully.Madison put her arm around Lucysshoulders,both smiling.With applauseand laughterechoing throughthehouse,Lucy joinedtheothergirls toenjoy theparty.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了麦迪逊在过生日时、邀请全体同学包括不喜欢的露西庆祝生日露西别出心裁的生日礼物深深的感动了麦迪逊，让作者看到了露西内心深处的善良并自此与露西成为好朋友【详解】段落续写
1.
①由第一段段首内容“最后打开的是露西的礼物”可知，第一段描述麦迪逊打开露西的礼物时的过程及心理状态
②由第二段段首内容“被她的话深深地打动了，麦迪逊紧紧抓住线绳”可知麦迪逊听到露西的话之后，心理状态发生了变化，重新认识露西并与她成为了好朋友续写线索打开礼物一一听到露西的话一一感动一一心理变化一一成为好友
2.词汇激活
3.行为类
①紧抓住线绳:hold theleadropetightly/grab theleadropetightly
②抑制fight back/hold back
③拥抱某人putherarmaroundsb./hug sb./embrace sb.情绪类
①惊讶amazed at/surprised at
②感动moved/touched
③悔恨regret/sorry/guilty【点睛】【高分句型（运用了完全倒装）1J Insidewas adelicatelyhand-made leadrope!【高分句型】（运用了弓|导原因状语2She suddenlyfelt sobad becauseshe hadbeen somean toLucy.because从句）【高分句型3]With tearsswirling inhereyes,she blinkedhard tofight themback,feeling amixture ofregret and（运用了宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，现在分词作状语）听力答案gratitude.with+1—5ABACA6—10CBCCA11—15BCBBC16—20AACBAB.She wentback in the pool.C.She cried.听第段材料，回答第至题
10172017.Who ismaking theannouncementA.The studentgovernment.B.The schoolnewspaper.C.The footballteam.
18.How manynew teamsare addedthis yearA.Four.B.Three.C.Two.
19.What dothe musicclub membersdoA.They organizetrips.B.They attendconcerts.C.They havedancing nights.
20.Why shoulda studentjoin acampus groupA.To havefriends.B.To makegood grades.C.To keepup withworld news.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）50第一节（共小题;每小题分，满分分）15阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中选出最佳选项A BC DStartupsuccess storiesto inspireyou!Flipkart〃便（电子商务）Flipkart isa widely known e-com rcewebsite that provides a wide rangeof products.It deliverstheordered productsright from the shopto yourdoorstep.Initially,Flipkart was a bookmarket,but asit keptgrowing,it now（净价）sells almosteverything.Its namecurrently comesin thetop5global billion-dollar startupswith anet costof$11billion accordingtothereports byWall StreetJournal.redBusLaunched in2016,and injust fiveyears,the companyhas growndramatically.It worksto improvethe booking ofroad transportand hotelsvia theonline medium.Its success isa result of an out-of-the-box ideafrom three）entrepreneurs^^lk—Charan,Phanindra,and Sudhakarwhen Phanindracouldnt visithis homeduring afestivaldue tothe unavailabilityofabus ticket.ZomatoThe brand was launchedin2008,and injust13years,it hasbecome one of themost knownand globallypopular fooddelivery and restaurant rating platforms.It currentlyoperates in19countries andcovers331,200restaurants.Many dontknowitwasinitially startedas Foodiebay.com.The ideawas sogood thatit gained recognition within two years of itslaunchin Indiaand wenton toattain globalrecognition inanothertwo years.HestaBitThe companywasatech startupback in2012but hasnow become one of the leadingmobile app,web app,andwebsite development firms.The threefounders,Dipanshu Upadhyay,Harshvardhan Lakhera,and PrashantGautam,started thecompany back in theircollege dayswithalittle uncertainty.However,since theymoved aheadin time,they notonlyhave expandedtheir businessacross theUSA,the UK,and India,but havegained recognitionfrom famousorganizations.
1.Whats specialabout redBusA.It isdevoted tocreating greentechnology.B.It wasinitially intendedfor collegestudents.C.It wasinspired byan unforgettableincident.D.It wasfounded earliestamong the four startups.2Which startupwas acceptedby peoplearoundthe world in2012A.Flipkart.B.redBus.C.Zomato.D.Hestabit.
3.What dothefourstartups havein commonA.They areknown fordelivery service.B.They aremeant to make traveleasier.C.They areintended tosell variousgoods.D.They arerelatedtonetwork technology.【答案】
1.c
2.C
3.D【解析】【导语本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个创业成功的企业【题详解】1细节理解题根据redBus部分中u Itssuccessisaresult of anout-of-the-box ideafrom three（企业家）一Charan,Phanindra,and Sudhakarwhen Phanindracouldnt visithis homeduring afestival duetotheunavailabilityof abusticket.（它的成功源于三个企业家-----------------------查兰、潘因德拉和苏达卡尔的一个创新想法，当时潘因德拉因为买不到车票而不能在节日期间回家）”可知，的特别之处在于这个公司的起源来自于一个redBus难忘的事件故选C【题详解】2细节理解题根据部分中（该品牌于年推出）”以及Zomato“The brandwas launchedin20082008“The ideawas sogoodthatitgainedrecognitionwithintwoyearsofits launchin Indiaand wenton toattain globalrecognition inanother（这个想法非常好，在印度推出两年后就获得了认可，并在两年后获得了全球认可）可计算知，twoyears.Zomato在年被世界各地的人所接受故选2012C【题详解】3细节理解题根据Flipkart部分中u Flipkartisawidelyknowne-commerce websitethatprovidesawiderange ofproducts（Flipkart是一家知名的电子商务网站，提供各种各样的产品）、redBus部分中uIt worksto improvethe（它致力于通过在线媒体改善道路运输和酒店预订）、bookingofroad transportand hotelsvia theonline medium部分中Zomato“The brandwas launchedin2008,and injust13years,it hasbecomeoneof themost knownand globally（该品牌于年推出，在短短年时间里，它已成为最popular fooddeliveryandrestaurantratingplatforms200813知名、最受全球欢迎的外卖和餐厅评级平台之一）”以及Hestabit部分中uThe companywasatech startupbackin（该公司在年2012but hasnow becomeoneofthe leadingmobile app,web app,and websitedevelopmentfirms2012还是一家科技初创公司，但现在已经成为领先的移动应用、网页应用和网站开发公司之一）”可知，这四个公司都与网络技术有关故选DBMitsuhiro Iwamotoisablind personwho sailednon-stop across the PacificOcean.One ofMr.Iwamoto9s friendssays,“He feelsthe wavesand hecan sensethe speedand angleofthewinds toadjust thesails properly.The onlything Mr.Iwamoto cantdo issee.So heteamed upwith Doug Smith.In2013,Mr.Iwamoto triedto sailacrossthe Pacific.But afteronly fivedays atsea,his boatwas hitbyawhale.Theboat sank,and hespent11hours floatingin thesea inaliferaft beforehe wasrescued.When Mr.Smith learnedthe storyofMr.Iwamotos defeatduring hisfirst attemptat crossingthe Pacific,it hada bigeffect onhim.He decidedto join the tripnot just to prove that they could do it,but alsoto collectfunds fora publicwelfare foundationthat boughtmedicalinsurance for poor children.He gotin touchwith Mr.Iwamoto.The tworealized that they wouldmake agood team.It tooka lotof courageto makea secondattempt afterthe failure.But Mr.Iwamoto wasdetermined.He beganto train（for the trip.He skied,ran half-marathons andmarathons,and tookpart intriathlons raceswith swimming,biking,and）running.Mr.Smith boughta12-meter sailboatfrom local people.They tookdrinking waterand enoughfood for60days.The sailboathad solarpanels tokeep theGPS andthe satellitephone charged.On February24,Mr.Iwamoto setout fromSan Diego,California ontheir14,000-kilometer trip.Finally,around9a.m.on April20—after sailingnon-stop for55days,the twoarrived inIwaka,Fukushima Prefecture,Japan,People oftensay thatthe physical illness cant stop a person from making a difference,but Ihavetowalk thewalk toprove it,Mr.Iwamoto said.
4.What canbe inferredabout Doug SmithA.He spenta lotof timein theocean.B Hehad greatskills insailing theboat.C.He workedasaguide duringthe trip.D.He boughtthe insurancebeforethetrip.
5.Why didDoug SmithjointhetripA.To huntwhales.B.To raisemoney forcharity.C.To rescuepeople lostintheocean.D.To bein searchof fameand fortune.
6.What isthe thirdparagraph mainlyaboutA.The preparationsthey madefor thetrip.B Thesupport they received from localpeople.C.The equipmentthey boughtfor theirtraining.D.The difficultythey encounteredduringthetrip.
7.What canwe learnfrom thisstoryA.Never lookdown onunderdogs.B.Actions speak louder than words.C.A friendin needisafriend indeed.D.Be thechange youwant tosee intheworld.【答案】
4.C
5.B
6.A
7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文本文主要讲述了岩本光弘这位盲人，他与合作，克服了重重的困难,通Doug Smith过自己的努力，横穿了太平洋他想告诉人们，只要去做，身体的疾病不能阻止一个人的取得自己想要的成就【题详解】4推理判断题由文章第一段Mitsuhiro Iwamotoisablind personwho sailednon-stop acrossthePacificOcean.One ofMr.Iwamotos friendssays,“He feelsthe wavesandhecan sensethe speedand angleofthewinds toadjust thesails（岩本光弘是一位盲人，他不properly.The onlything Mr.Iwamoto cantdo issee.So heteamed upwith DougSmith.停地横渡太平洋岩本先生的一个朋友说，“他能感觉到海浪，他能感觉风的速度和角度，从而正确地调整帆”岩本先生唯一不能做的就是看因此，他与合作）”可知，岩本光弘是一位盲人，所以在和DougSmith Doug组队航行中，应指导方向故选项SmithDougSmith C【题详解】5细节理解题由文章第二段“He decidedtojointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,but alsoto collectfunds for（他决定参力「这次旅彳亍，不仅是为a publicwelfare foundationthat boughtmedical insuranceforpoorchildren.了证明他们能够做到，而且也是为了为一个为贫困儿童购买医疗保险的公益基金会筹集资金）”可知，这次航行是为了证明自己以及给公益基金会筹集资金故选项B【题详解】6主旨大意题由文章第三段“It tooka lotof courageto makea secondattempt afterthe failure.But Mr.Iwamoto was（determined.He beganto trainforthetrip.He skied,ran half-marathons andmarathons,and tookpart intriathlons races）with swimming,biking,and running.Mr.Smith boughta12-meter sailboatfromlocalpeople.They tookdrinking water」失败后再次and enoughfood for60days.The sailboathad solarpanels tokeep theGPS andthe satellitephone charged尝试需要很大的勇气但岩本先生决心坚定他开始为旅行进行训练他滑雪，跑半程马拉松和马拉松，参加铁人三项（游泳、自行车和跑步比赛）先生从当地人那里买了一艘米长的帆船他们带了天的Smith1260饮用水和足够的食物帆船上有太阳能电池板来保持和卫星电话的充电）”可知，这段主要讲岩本光弘GPS和为航行做的准备故选项DougSmithA【题详解】7推理判断题由文章最后一段“On February24,Mr.Iwamoto setout fromSan Diego,California ontheir14,000-kilometer trip.Finally,around9a.m.on April20—after sailingnon-stop for55days,the twoarrived inIwaka,Fukushima Prefecture,Japan,People oftensaythatthephysicalillnesscantstopapersonfrommakingadifference,but I〃（月日,岩本先生从加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥出发，开始havetowalk thewalk toprove it,Mr.Iwamoto said.224了公里的旅程最后，在月日上午点左右，经过天的不间断航行，两人抵达了日本福岛县磐14000420955冈岩本一郎说〃人们常说，身体疾病不能阻止一个人的改变，但我必须步行才能证明这一点〃）”以及前文可知，本文主要讲述了岩本光弘这位盲人，他与合作，克服了重重的困难,通过自己的努力，横穿Smith了太平洋他想告诉人们，只要去做，身体的疾病不能阻止一个人的取得自己想要的成就结合选项，项B Actions（行动比言语更响亮/事实胜于雄辩）符合文意故选项speaklouderthanwordsBMany exceptionalhuman skills,such asreading andmastering amusical instrument,require thousandsof hoursofpractice andconsistent cognitive effort.Popular scientific theories hold that cognitiveeffort is experienced as unpleasantand people try to avoid it whenever possible.（努力）However,therearemany situationsin everydaylife inwhich peopleseem toexert themselvesvoluntarily,even ifthere isno obviousexternal reward.For example,many peopleenjoy solvingSudoku puzzles,students areoftenmotivated bychallenging intellectualtasks,and amateurpianists canspend hoursstriving forperfection withoutanyexternal reward.It isbased onthese factsthat researchersfrom the University of Vienna andthe TechnischeUniversitat Dresden（令人嫌恶的）critically questionedwhether cognitiveeffort isalways aversiveand soughtto addressthis questionina（）current projectoftheCollaborative ResearchCenter SFB
940.（In thefirst experimentwith121participants,the researchersused cardiovascularmeasurements activityofthe）heart todetermine howhard peopleexerted themselvesin cognitive tasks ofvarying difficultylevels.In onegroup,reward wasdirectly determinedby effort:if aperson exertedmore efforton difficultlevels ofthetask,theyreceivedahigher rewardthan oneasier levelsinwhichthey exertedlittle effort.In thecontrol group,the rewardwas randomlyassignedandwasindependent ofhow mucheffort someoneinvested.The totalreward onoffer waskept constantbetween（可能性）groups,with onlythe contingencybetween effortand rewardbeing manipulated.Subsequently,all subjectsworked onmath taskswhere theycould choosethe difficultylevel ofthe tasksthey wantedtowork on.Subjects whohad previouslybeen rewardedfbr effortsubsequently chosemore difficult tasksthansubjects inthecontrol group,even thoughthey wereaware thatthey wouldno longerreceive anexternal reward,“explains Prof.Veronika JobfromtheFaculty ofPsychology attheUniversityofVienna.（固“The resultsshowed theassumption thatpeople wanttotakethe pathof leastresistance maynot bean inherent有的）characteristic ofhuman motivation.The tendencyto avoidchallenging taskscould ratherbe theresultofindividuallearning historiesthat differdepending onthe rewardpattern:was itmainly performanceor effortthat wasrewardedconcludes ThomasGoschke,Professor ofGeneral Psychologyat TUDresden andspokesperson ofSFB
940.
8.With theexamples inParagraph2,the authoraims toA.challenge somescientific theoriesB.encourage peopletomakegreat effortsC.inspire someresearchonpeoples effortsD.explain themotivation behindpeoples efforts
9.What didthe researcherswanttofind outby measuringthe participants,heart activityA.Their willingnessto performthetask.B.The impactof tasksontheparticipants.C.The effortthey putinthecognitivetask.D.Their reactionto difficultcognitivetasks.
10.What canwe learnabout thesubjects whowere rewardedfor effortA.They weremotivated tochallenge themselves.B.They alwaysexpected toreceive abigger reward.C.They turnedout tobe clevererthanthecontrol group.D.They wereable tofigureoutbetter waysto solveproblems.
11.What wouldbe thebest titleofthetextA.Work hardto improveyourself B.Learn toenjoy cognitiveeffort C.It takestime foryour effortto payoff D.It isworthwhileto performdifficulttasks【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.A
11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章讲述的是大众科学理论认为，认知努力的体验是不愉快的，人们会避免这种认知努力然而现实却相反，人们愿意为不愉快的认知努力而努力和花费数小时的精力为此文章通过实验研究揭示该现象的原因在于认知努力，会更加激发人们挑战自我的动力【题详解】8推理判断题根据第一段的u Popularscientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffortisexperiencedasunpleasantand（大众科学理论认为，认知努力是不愉快的，人们试图尽可能避免它）peopletrytoavoiditwheneverpossible.“第二段中u However,therearemany situationsin everydaylife inwhich peopleseem toexert themselves（努力）voluntarily,even ifthere isno obviousexternal reward.For example,many peopleenjoy solvingSudoku puzzles,studentsare oftenmotivated bychallenging intellectualtasks,and amateurpianists canspend hoursstriving forperfection without（然而，在日常生活中有很多情况下，人们似乎是自愿地努力，即使没有明显的外部奖励any externalreward.例如，许多人喜欢解决数独谜题，学生们经常被具有挑战性的智力任务所激励，业余钢琴家可以花几个小时去追求完美，而没有任何外部奖励）”可知，作者在第二段中列举的例子是为了挑战以往的一些科学理论即认知努力的体验是不愉快的，人们会努力避免这种认知努力故选A【题详解】9细节理解题根据第四段中“In thefirst experimentwith121participants,the researchersused cardiovascular。
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