高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析含解析

高一英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题（有答案和解析）含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类辑森

1.Choose theone thatfits bestaccording to the informationgiven in the passageyou havejustread.The RapidRise andFall ofRobot BabysittersDuringthe winterof2017,an18-year oldcollege studentnamed CanonReeves spentmuch ofhistime trailinga knee-high robotaround Fayetteville,Arkansas,as itdelivered Amazonpackages tostudents.The robot,created by a start-up calledStarship Technologiesin2014,is basicallya cooleronwheels;it usesradars,sensors,and ninecameras to make deliveries.Reevess jobwas tomonitorhow ithandled variousgrounds,field commentsfrom thepublic,and pressthe offswitch ifnecessary.He said,People wouldalso askif itcould deliverbeer.It couldnt.Broadly speaking,jobs ofcaring forrobots fallunder the umbrella ofcareers in automation,whichinclude maintenance,engineering andprogramming.The demandfor peoplewith thisskill setisconsiderable,with20million to50million newjobs tobe expectedin thiscategory by2030,according to the MckinseyGlobal Institute.In theyear that ended in June2018,lndeed.com hadalmostthree timesthe number of positionson therecruitment committeethatendedinJune

2016.Over the last year,a34-year-old businessmannamed DavidRodriguez spenthundreds ofhoursfollowing amachine called the KiwiBotaround UCBerkeleys campuswhile itdelivered Redbull and检索other drinksto students.To retrieveorders,the appencourages studentsto givethe robotawave;the robotsdigital eyeswill rolldepending on its mood.Rodriguez,who headsbusinessdevelopment for the start-up,was tasked,early on,with monitoringthe KiwiBotfor problems-evencarrying it,should themotors fail.Since April2018,though,the KiwiBothas largelybeen leftunattended,and themajority ofhuman interactionsinvolve technicalchecks andloading foodintothe robot.To eliminatethe boringwork,the teamis developinga restaurantrobot tocollect andloadorders-which couldhappen in

2020.However,Rodriguez assuredme thathis staffwont be out ofwork.Everyone holdsdouble rolesin thecompany.Greater robotself-governing justmeansemployees willshift theirfocus toaccounting,engineering,and design.Mckinsey estimatesthat millionsof jobsglobally couldbe lostto automationby

2030.A hugenumber of jobs will be produced as autonomous vehicles are released into the environment,Ramseysaid.In2016,Bosch startedtraining studentsfrom SchoolcraftCollege,a communitycollege inMichigan,in autonomous-vehicle repair;Toyota hastrained studentsin maintenanceas well.Wemight evensee areturn tolow-level jobswhere peoplecome andfuel thecar for you,Ramsey said.Until we can wirelesslycharge,someone needsto refuelthem.The hardest-to-automate industries,as ithappens,are theones thatrequire lookingafter humans,such aschildcare,education and healthcare.Robot babysittersmight feel like theyhave scoredthe jobof the future,but irfact,they mi^htbe betterpositioned.1What kind of robotis theone created bya start-up calledStarship TechnologiesA.A factoryrobot.B.A deliveryrobot.C.A restaurantrobot.D.A constructionrobot.2What doesllfall undertheumbrellaof in Para.2meanA.are in the categoryof B.are underthe protectionof超过度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应可知只要凝视角度不超过度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽55莎效应故选Bo考查细节理解根据倒数第二段中的3To makesure itwasnt justhim,the researchersasked24〃为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员people toview imagesof the Mona Lisaon a computer screen.让个人在电脑屏幕上观看“蒙娜丽莎”的图像可知研究人员对人进行了实验是为了证2424实霍斯特曼的观点故选A考查推理判断根据最后一段中的4Its possible,he said,that people have thedesire tobe他说,人们有被注视的欲望是可能looked at,so theythink the woman is looking straight at them.的，所以他们认为女人在直视他们可推知人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注故选C【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读短文，从每题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出最佳选项6A BC DMovingsmoothly andsilently throughAlibaba GroupHolding Ltdsfuturistic FlyZoohotel,blackdisc-shaped robotsabout ametre inheight deliver food anddrop offfresh towels.The robotsare part of aset ofhigh-tech toolsthat Alibabasays stronglycuts the hotels cost ofhuman labourand eliminatesthe needfor gueststo interactwith other people.Formally openedto thepublic lastmonth,the290-room FlyZoois an incubator for technologyAlibaba wantsto sellto thehotel industryin the future andan opportunity to showcase its prowess inartificial intelligence.It is also anexperiment thattests consumer comfort levels with unmannedcommercein China.代Inside thehotel,so ly-lit whitepanelled wallsbring tomind theinteriors ofHollywoodspaceships.Guests checkin atpodiums thatscan their faces,as wellas passportsor otherID.Visitorswith aChinese nationalID canscan theirfaces usingtheir smartphones to checkin aheadof time.Elevators scanguests facesagain toverify whichfloor they can accessand hotelroom doorsareopened with another facescan.Its veryquick andsafe.I haventused itmuch yet,but basically,I can be inmy roomin oneminute,said guestTracy Li.Li addedthat safetywas one of herpriorities andshe waspleased herroomcould onlybe enteredwith ascan ofher face.In the rooms,Alibabas voicecommand technologyis usedto change the temperature,close thecurtains,adjust the lighting andorder roomservice.At thehotels restaurant,taller capsule-shaped robotsdeliverfood that guests have ordered via theFlyZooapp whileat aseparate bar,a largerobotic armcan mixmore than20different typesofcocktails.Facial recognitioncameras addcharges to the roomrate automatically.The hoteldoes employhumans,though Alibabadeclined todetail howmany.This includeschefsand cleanersas wellas receptionstaff,who willassist withconventional check-in proceduresforguests unwillingto have theirfacesscanned andwant to use electronickey cards.1What doesthe underlinedword eliminatesin Paragraph2probably meanA.Removes B.Meets C.Limits D.Increases2Why doesAlibaba buildthe FlyZooA.To cut the costof consumers.B.To competewith otherhotels.C.To experimentits artificial intelligence.D.To makesure of the safetyof guests.3What distinctivefeature doesthe FlyZoohaveA.It doesntneed waitersand cooksin therestaurant.B.Its robotscan mixcocktails andtake foodto theguests.C.Guests canenter theroom quicklywithout scanning.D.Voice commandtechnology meetsall needsof guests.4What canwe learnfrom thelast paragraphA.Conventional thingsmust be abolished.B.Artificial intelligencehas manyadvantages.C.Personal informationof guestsis confidential.D.Humans cannotbe replacedcompletely.【答案】1A2C3B4D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阿里巴巴把一些智能机器人卖到了宾馆，它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒和给客人拿食物尽管如此，人类无法完全被取代考查词义猜测根据第二段中的1The robotsare part of aset ofhigh-tech toolsthat Alibabasaysstrongly cutsthehotelscostofhuman labourand eliminatesthe needfor gueststo interactwith.〃机器人是一组高科技工具的一部分，阿里巴巴说强烈削减酒店的人力劳动成本otherpeople和消除客人与他人互动的需要〃由此推知划线词的意思是〃消除〃故选A考查推理判断根据第三段中的2Formally openedto thepublic lastmonth,the290-roomFlyZoo isanincubatorfortechnologyAlibaba wantsto sellto thehotel industryin thefuture andanopportunity toshowcaseitsprowessin artificialintelligence.It isalso anexperiment thattests.〃上、月正式向公众开放，间consumercomfortlevelswithunmanned commercein China4290客房的孵化器技术阿里巴巴在未来想要卖给酒店业，并展示自己在人工智能上的实力FlyZoo它也是一个测试在中国无人商务消费者舒适程度的实验由此可知，建是为Alibaba theFlyZoo了尝试它的人工智能故选C考查细节理解根据倒数第二段中的3At thehotels restaurant,taller capsule-shaped robotsdeliverfoodthatguestshaveorderedviathe FlyZooapp whileat aseparate bar,a largerobotic arm可知，的特色是“它的机器人可以混can mixmore than20different typesof cocktails.”the FlyZoo合鸡尾酒也可以给客人拿食物故选B考查推理判断根据最后一段中的4The hoteldoes employhumans,though Alibabadeclined to.〃可知，人类无法完全被取代故选detail howmany D【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项7A BC DOrthopedic pillows arenot justlike anyother ordinarypillow.These productsare speciallymade tofulfilla specificfunction.People buyorthopedic pillowsfor severalreasons.Sometimes peoplebuy thistype ofpillowbecause theirdoctor hasspecifically recommendedthem to do soas partof atreatment andmanagement plan for neck,back,or boneproblems.In recentyears,people havebecome moreawareof thescience behind orthopedic pillows,which accountsfor theincrease in the popularityof川these pillows.There hasbeen a lot of available orthopedicp owinformation for anyone interested.The sciencebehind thesepillows hasalso advancedsignificantly overthe years,which meansthatorthopedic pillows are nowmore effectiveand usefulthan ever.Orthopedic pillowshelp youmaintain the right gesture.While traditional pillows may be verycomfortable,they donot necessarilypromote theproper gestureas you sleep,which isproved tobeimportant for your health.It alsohelps youavoid wakingup with a hostof bodyaches andpains.Among themost commoncauses ofback and neck painsis sleeping without adequate support.Orthopedic pillowscan provideyou with the necessarysupport thatwill keepthese kindsof body轮廓pains away.The pillowis specificallydesigned toconform to the naturalcontours ofyour body,直线thus ensuringthat yourskeletal structureis keptin properalignment throughoutthe nightandthat nopartofyour bodyis subjectedto toomuch pressure,which leadsto pain.Of course,it isunderstandable thatyou mayfind anorthopedic pillowa bituncomfortable the firsttime youuse it,but thatis truewith anynew experience.The materials used inmanufacturing thesepillowsare idealfor thekindofsleep thatyou arelooking for.Just like any productin themarket,there isa disadvantageto anorthopedic pillowas well.Theyare usually more expensive than traditionalpillows.But,if youtreat thepurchase asan investmenton your health,it may be alot easierfor youto partwith the cash.1What makesorthopedic pillowsincreasingly popularA.Peoples worriesabout sleeploss.B.Doctors specificrecommendation.C.The advancementof medicalsciences.D.Their goodeffects ondecreasing back andneck pains.2Orthopedic pillowsare superiorto traditionalpillows mainlyin that.A.materialsusedin orthopedic pillowsaremuch moreidealB.orthopedic pillowspromote theproper sleepingpostureC.orthopedic pillowsmay makesleepers morecomfortableD.peoples body pains will be curedby using orthopedic pillows3What causesbodypainswhen oneis sleepingaccording tothe passageA.Proper alignment.B.A thickquilt.C.The skeletalstructure.D.Lack ofsupport.4What doesthe authorthink oforthopedic pillowsA.They arejust worththe price.B.They can bear a little pressure.C.They helpcure peoplesdisease.D.They haveshortcomings infunction.5What is the passagemainly aboutA.The impactsof pillowson peopleshealth.B.The marketprospect oforthopedicpillows.C.Benefits anddrawbacks ofusingorthopedicpillows.D.Scientific secretsbehindorthopedicpillows.【答案】1D2B3D4A5C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矫形枕头的功用及其优缺点考查细节理解根据第二段中的1Sometimes peoplebuy thistype ofpillow because their doctorhasspecifically recommendedthem to do soas partof atreatment andmanagementplanforneck,.〃可back,or boneproblems.In recentyears,peoplehavebecome...the popularityof thesepillows知，矫形枕头越来越流行的原因在于可以治疗和缓解颈部、背部以及骨头问题，故选D考查推理判断根据第三段中的2Orthopedicpillowshelp youmaintain the right gesture.Whiletraditional pillowsmay bevery comfortable,they donot necessarilypromote theproper gestureas.〃可知,矫形枕头优于传统枕头主要在yousleep,which isproved tobe important foryourhealth于矫形枕头可以帮助人保持正确的睡姿，故选B考查细节理解根据第三段中的3Among themost commoncauses ofbackandneckpainsis.〃可知，睡觉时候背部和颈部疼痛的最常见原因是睡觉的时sleepingwithoutadequatesupport候没有足够的支撑，故选D考查推理判断根据最后一段中的4They areusuallymoreexpensivethantraditionalpillows.But,if youtreat thepurchase asan investmenton yourhealth,it may be alot easierforyouto partwith,〃可知，作者认为矫形枕头虽然贵，但是把它当作是对健康的投资，那么花钱就会很thecash容易，作者认为矫形枕头虽然贵，但是为了健康是值得的，故选A考查主旨大意文章前四段介绍了矫形枕头的好处，最后一段提出了它的缺点，由此可知，5文章主要讲的是矫形枕头的优点和缺点，故选C【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案.阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项、、、中选出最佳选项°8A BC DWeall arefamiliar with Android and iOS platformsas bothare popularbut arequite differentwhenit comesto functionalities.If youare makinga bigmove fromAndroid toiPhone,then thefirst thingthat countersyour mindishow toget yourdata on the iPhone.Note:You need to turnon Wi-Fi on your AndroidiPhone and connect them with the samenetwork.50,lets getstarted andlearn howto transferdata fromAndroid toiPhone.Note:Please keepin mindthat thesteps mightvary fromdevice todevice.安装Installthe Move to iOS App on your Android device from the Google play store.Thisapplication isdeveloped byApple andavailable forfree.Once youare donewith installingthe app,you need to grant permissions tothe app.Now,followon-screen instructionsto proceed.Now,keep your Android asideand startyour iPhone.Follow theon-screen instructionsto setupyour iPhone.The transfermight takea bitlonger dependingupon thesize of the content.On youriPhone screen,you willsee ascreen saying,Continue settingup iPhone

1.You cancontinue settingup yourApple IDonyournew iPhone.Once done,you willfind allyourdata suchas contacts,messages,bookmarks,pictures etc.onit.Thats it,now you can dumpyour oldAndroid phoneand enjoyusing youriPhone.1Before thetransfer,what areyou supposedtodofirstA.Be familiarwithAndroidandiOSplatforms.B.Check yourdata on the iPhoneand backit up.C.Remember thesteps mightvary fromdevice todevice.D.Turn on Wi-Fi andconnect themwiththe same network.2What dowe knowabout theMove toiOS AppA.It isrequired tobe installedonyouriOS device.B.It isan appthat transfersdata fromAndroid toiPhone.C.The Googleplay storedeveloped thisapp freeof charge.D.You needgrantpermissionstotheapp beforedownloading it.3Which sectionof awebsite isthis articletaken fromA.Technology.B.Entertainment.C.Travel.D.Relationship.【答案】1D2B3A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，安卓系统和苹果系统都很受欢迎，但是如何在两个iOS系统之间传输数据呢？本文作者详细介绍了在这两个系统之间传输数据的具体步骤考查细节理解根据第三段中的1Note:You needto turnonWi-Fi onyourAndroidiPhone〃可知在传输之前，首先你需要打开你的安卓和苹果的andconnectthemwiththesamenetwork.无线网，然后连接到同一个网络故选D考查细节理解根据第四段中的2“So,lets getstarted andlearn howto transferdata from〃因此，让我们开始学习如何把数据从安卓系统传输到苹果系统以及第六Android toiPhone.段中的安装.〃在Install theMove toiOSApponyourAndroiddevicefrom theGoogleplaystore你的安卓系统设备上安装〃移动到系统〃程序，可知”是用来传输数据的故iOS“MovetoiOS选B考查推理判断本文作者详细介绍了如何在安卓系统和苹果系统之间传输数据的具体3iOS步骤因此这是关于技术方面的文章故选A【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项、、、中选出最佳选项9A BC DSupermarket shoppers who buy lots of foods on twofor onedeals arefar morelikely tobe obese肥胖的,a majorstudy suggests.Cancer Research UK found that those with highestconsumption ofdiscounted foodswere at50percent greaterrisk ofobesity,compared withthosewithlow take-up ofsuch deals.The studyof more than16,000households foundalmost onein threefood and drink items in UKsupermarketbaskets werebought onpromotion.And thediscounts werefar morelikely tobeapplied tounhealthy foods,with almosthalf of all chocolate,crisps,popcorn,and savourysnacksbought onpromotion.Shoppers whosebaskets containedbetween40and80percent ofgoods onspecial offerwere54percent morelikely tobe obesethan thosewith a maximum20percent offoods onsuch deals.Thosewith highest take-up of the dealsbought30percent lessfruit,and nearly25percent fewervegetablesthan those shunning the deals.The studyfollows agovernment consultationon proposalsto banbuy one,get onefree dealsonunhealthy foodsand supermarketguilt lanesas partof itschildhood obesitystrategy.One infive childrenare overweightor obesewhen theystart primaryschool,rising toaround oneinthree whenthey leave.Research hasfoundthatobesity increasesthe riskof13different typesof cancerincluding bowelandbreast disease.Alison Cox,director ofcancer preventionat CancerResearchUK,said:The governmentsproposed9p.m.ban onjunk foodads isa step forward in fighting childhood obesity.Now wewant toseerestrictions onprice promotions for unhealthy food and drink items,as wellas thosestrategicallyplaced atcheckouts.This will help familiesto makehealthier choices.There isntone magicfix forthe problem,but gettingrid of these encouragementsto buyunhealthy food is key to changing it.1Who arefar morelikely tobe obeseA.Those whobuy foodanddrinkitemsinUK supermarkets.B.People whoprefer buyone,get onefree dealson unhealthy foods.C.Shoppers whosebaskets containedamaximum20percent ofdiscounted foods.D.Households withlow take-up ofchocolate,crisps,popcorn,and savourysnacks.2What doesthe underlinedword shunningin Paragraph4meanA.Closing B.Accepting C.Avoiding D.Negotiating3To fightchildhood obesity,the governmenthas.A.suggested aban onunhealthyfoodads ata specificperiod of the dayB.restricted pricepromotionsforunhealthyfoodanddrinkitemsC.officially preventedjunk foodfrom saleafter9p.m.D.helped familiesto makehealthier choices4What mightbeasolution tothe problemA.Changing peoplesattitudes towardshealthy diet.B.Finding outthe reasonwhy peoplelike junk food.C.Removing whatmakes peoplebuy unhealthyfood.D.Teaching consumerstherightway ofpicking food.【答案】1B2C3A4C【解析】【分析本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了一项研究的结果研究表明在超市购买〃买I一赠一〃促销食品的顾客更有可能肥胖因为这些促销的食品大部分都是不健康食品研究还表明肥胖与多种癌症有关故在这篇文章中作者建议禁止超市的这种促销活动1考查细节理解根据第一段中的Supermarketshopperswhobuylotsoffoodsonztwo forone肥胖的”可知超市购买“买一赠一〃促销食品的顾客更有deals arefar morelikely tobe obese可能肥胖故选B考查词义猜测本段主要是在喜欢购买促销食品的人比不买促销食品的人之间做了一下比2较根据第四段中的“Those withhighesttake-up of the dealsbought30percent lessfruit,and nearly〃可知那些最喜欢购买促销食品的人比25percent fewervegetables thanthoseshunningthedeals.不买促销食品的人买的水果要少蔬菜少几乎由此可知意为〃避免,避开〃30%,25%o shunning故选C考查推理判断根据倒数第二段中的3The governmentsproposed9p.m.ban onjunkfoodads.”据可知作为为与小孩肥胖现象作斗争的一个措施，isastepforwardinfightingchildhoodobesity政府已经建议晚上九点禁止播放垃圾食品广告故选A考查推理判断根据最后一段中的4There isntone magicfix forthe problem,but gettingrid of可知作者认为与小孩肥胖现象these encouragementsto buyunhealthyfoodiskeytochangingit.”作斗争就应该摆脱这种非健康食品的促销活动由此可知取消这种诱使人们购买不健康食品的活动是一个解决办法故选C【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读短文，从每题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出最佳选项10A BC DOurmother earthis goingthrough a very toughsituation andwe,the entirehuman race,aredestroying our environment orunconsciously withouteven realizingits consequences.Now wehaveto actvery smartlyand plansomething tosustain what we stillhave,getting allnecessary supportfromnature tolead healthylives.Gardening isalways anexcellent andenvironmentally friendlyidea.If you can gofor sustainablegardening,then itwill beeven moreuseful forall.Gardening isa favoritehobby formany.It istime tochannelizeyour hobbytowards amore meaningfulmotivation.材装When wedo gardeningwe needtousedifferent ingredientsD togrow plants.Some of themare naturalresources likewater,soil,sunshine,and manythings likethis.Using theseresourcessmartly isa partof sustainablegardening.Some simpletechniques include:use lesswater andorganicthings togrow plants;try tostore rainwaterso thatyou can use themfor gardening;try usinglessenergy todrive devices;avoid usingplastics in any formwhile gardening;reuse the leaves fromyourgarden tofertilize them.These arethe basicsustainable measures.To do so weneedto have properknowledge about gardening and its requirements so that wecanuse proper resources withoutwasting anyof them.In todaysbusy lifewe dontget muchtime tospend onourenvironment.Gardening givesus a无农药的chance todoso.We canalso havesome pesticide-free andfresh foodif wegrow theminour garden.This istherighttime todo somegood toprotect ourown environmentand gardeningisone ofthe easiestways.Do youwant tostart gardening,but yourenot surehow Click here:http://www.gardenhowto.com.1What doesthe underlinedword channelizein Paragraph2refer toA.Cause B.Transform C.Direct D.Associate2Which ofthe followingbelongs toa sustainablemeasureA.Using advancedelectrical machines.B.Avoiding fertilizers.C.Watering plantswith collectedrainwaterD.Clearing awaytheleaves.3What isthe benefitof sustainablegardeningA.It requireslittle water.B.It needsno fertilizer.C.It breaksup plastics.D.It doesntwaste anyresource.4Where isthe passageprobably takenfromA.A newspaper.B.The Internet.C.A guidebook.D.A sciencereport.【答案】1C2C3D4B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍为了保护地球，我们需要发展可持续性事业，本文重点介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不产生对环境有害的物质考查词义猜测本句中来源于渠道，频道，根据已有的意思于选项相结1channelize channel合可知，为指导，导向的意思,故选channelize C考查细节理解根据第三段中的〃2try tostore rainwaterso thatyoucanuse themfor gardening可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C考查细节理解根据倒数第三段中的3To doso weneedto have properknowledgeabout.〃gardeningand itsrequirementssothatwecanuseproperresourceswithoutwasting anyofthem可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D考查推理判断根据最后一段中的可知,本文来4Clickhere:http://www.gardenhowto,com.”源于网站，故选B【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案C.are inrelation ofD.are in the processof3According toRamsey,what willhappen whenautonomous vehiclesare putonthemarket A.Autonomous vehicleswill becomemuch cheaper.B.A largenumberofpeople will beoutof work.C.A lotof jobopportunities willbe created.D.Many peoplewill turnto buyingautonomous cars.4What doesthelastsentence inPara.4meanA.Robot carerswill havea competitiveadvantage in thefuture.B.Many newoccupations likecaring forrobots comeand gofast.C.We stillneed someoneto lookafter robotsinthefuture.D.Robots willcreate moreand betterjobs forpeople inthefuture.【答案】1B2A3C4A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着机器人被越来越多的应用，照看机器人的工作也随之发生了变化本文以对相关信息进行了介绍说明考查细节理解根据第一段中的1The robot,createdbyastart-up calledStarship Technologiesin可2014,is basicallya cooleron wheels;it usesradars,sensors,and ninecameras tomake deliveriesJ知，这款机器人是年由一家名为的初创公司制造的，它基本上是一2014Starship Technologies种车轮上的冷却器；它使用雷达、传感器和台摄像头进行配送也就是说，9Starship Technologies公司创造的是一款配送物品的机器人故选B考查词义猜测根据第二段中的“2which includemaintenance,engineering andprogramming列举了照看机器人”的工作范畴，故选A考查细节理解根据最后一段中的3A hugenumberofjobswillbeproducedasautonomous可知，随着自动化车辆被投放到市场，将产生大量的vehiclesare releasedintotheenvironment”就业机会故选C考查句义理解该划线句子的字面意思是机器人保姆可能会觉得自己已经获得了未来的4工作，但事实上，他们的位置可能会更好根据字面意思，不难看出其隐臧的意思为机器人保姆占据很大的优势，他们可以在未来作更好的工作故选A【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和句义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑，推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案.阅读理解2Experts notethat anunhealthy lifestylecan putyou atgreat riskof heartdisease andstroke.Sodoctors urgeus toeat healthyfoods,get exercise,stop smokingand limitour alcoholintake.But thereissomething elseyoucando.And itis freeand easy.Smile!Dr.Chockalingam,a heartdisease specialistin Columbia,advises his patients to smile.He saysasmile may be one way to help your heart.When wesmile,the brainwiring changes.The chemicalsthatare releasedare morepositive.He sayssmiling isthefirststep infighting physicaland emotionalstress and itssometimes harmfuleffects onhuman health.This is not justNew Ageadvice.Severalstudies supporthis opinion.荷尔蒙When youfeel stressedor underpressure,your bodyreleases manynatural hormonesincludingadrenaline andcortisol.Adrenaline increasesyour heartrate andblood pressure.Cortisol isthebodys mainstress hormone.It increasessugar inthe bloodstream.If youare trulyin danger;these hormonescan helpyou.They arepartofwhatwecall ourfight-or-flight response.However,when we are stressedforalong period,these stresshormones areever-present inourbodies.And that,medical researcherswarn,may lead to health problems.Researchers saythe connectionbetween stressand heartdisease isstill unclear.However,theyclaim thatwhen peopleare stressedfor longperiods of time,they mayhave anunhealthy lifestyle,which canleadtohealthproblems.Dr.Chockalingam saysa smilemaybeone way to help.He tellshispatients tosmile20times anhour.To some,that mightseem likealotof smiling.Or somemight evenfeel foolish...smiling forseeminglyno reason.But a smile doesnot involvedrugs.It is not invasivelikeasurgical operation.It isfreeandithas nobad side effects.Once peoplesmile,they arerelaxing.This relaxationdirectly lowersblood pressure,improvessugar levelsintheblood.If we are smiling,wearebreaking thatlink betweenstressandhealth.Andit just may provide alittle extra protection to everyones heart health.1Which ofthe followingagrees withDr.Chockalingams opinionA.Smile has thesameeffects aslaughter.B.Smile canbe usedto takethe placeof medicine.C.Smile isbetter thanany healthylifestyle tohealth.D.Smile can make ourbody producebeneficial chemicals.2What canwe knowabout thementioned stresshormonesA.They canlower ourblood pressure.B.They willsurely leadto heartdiseases.C.They canbenefit uswhen weare in danger.D.They willmake uslive anunhealthy lifestyle.3Why doesDr.Chockalingam thinksmiling ishelpful toour healthA.It canmake usrelax.B.lt increasessugar levels.C.lt haslittle badsideeffects.D.lt canhappen forno reason.4What canbe thebest titleforthetextA.A ThoroughAnalysis ofthe Causesof HeartDiseasesB.One ThingYou CanDo RightNow toHelp YourHeartC.One ThingThat IsClosely Connectedwith StressHormonesD.The ClearConnection BetweenUnhealthy Lifestylesand HeartDiseases【答案】1D5C6A7B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家博士建议多保持Chockalingam微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况考查细节理解根据第二段中的1When wesmile,the brainwiring changes.The chemicalsthat.〃当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化释放出的化学物质更arereleasedare morepositive积极可知，博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质故选Chockalingam D考查细节理解根据第三段中的.〃如2If youare trulyindanger,these hormonescan helpyou果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你可知，当我们处于危险中时压力荷尔蒙可以帮助我们故选C考查细节理解根据最后一段中的3If weare smiling,wearebreaking thatlink betweenstress.〃如果我们微andhealth.And itjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryoneshearthealth笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护可知，博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康故选Chockalingam A考查主旨大意根据第二段中的4“Dr.Chockalingam,a heartdisease specialistin Columbia,〃哥伦比亚的心脏advises hispatientstosmile.He saysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.病专家博士建议他的病人保持微笑他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式以Chockalingam及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案.阅读理解3When Andrew Kaplan recalls,his storiesleave theimpression thathe hasmanaged topack multiplelivesinto asingle existence:A warreporter inhis20s.an armymember,a successfulbusinessmanand-later,the authorof numerousspy novelsand Hollywoodscripts.Now thesilver haired78-year oldhas realizedhe wouldlike his loved onestohave access to thosestories,even whenhe isno longeralive to share them.Kaplan hasagreed tobecome AndyBot-avirtual person who willbe:immortalizedT F5inthe cloud forhundreds,perhaps thousandsof yearsIf all goes according to plan future generations willbe ableto interactwith himusing voicecomputing platforms of mobile devices,asking himquestions,letting him tell stories and drawingupona lifetimesworth ofadvice longafter hisphysical bodyis gone.Someday,Kaplan,who playfullyrefers tohimself asa pig,mayberemembered asone oftheworlds firstdigital humans.For decades,Silicon Valleyfuturists havesought tofree humanityfrom thelife cycle.Today,a new近彳以generation ofcompanies isselling someapproximation ofvirtual immortality,which gives遗产people theopportunitytopreserve oneslegacy onlineforever.Kaplan iseager tobecome oneofthe worlds firstvirtual residents,partly becausehe considerstheeffort awaytoextend closedfamily bondsover multiplegenerations.If technologysucceeds increating emotionallyintelligent digitalhumans,experts say,it mayforever changethe way living people cooperate with computersand experienceloss.AndyBot maybecomeoneoftheworldsfirst:meaningful examples,raising complexphilosophical questionsaboutthe natureof immortalityand the purpose ofexistence itself.1What isthepurposeofthefirst paragraphA.To highlightKaplans achievements.B.To introducethe topic--AndyBot.C.To arousereaders interestin Kaplan.D.To introduceKaplans life.2Why didAndrewKaplanagree tobecome AndyBotA.He wantedtosharehis lifeexperience aslong aspossible.B.He wantedtomakehislovedone rememberhim.C.He believedthis actionwillhelpwith hisnovels.D.He couldlive inthecloudto continuehis life.3What mightthe AndyBotdo forfuture generationsA.He mayuse voicecomputing platforms.B.He mayuse anew bodyto goon living.C.He mayoffer someguidance.D.He mayask themquestions.4What canwe inferfrom thelast paragraphA.Philosophical problemscanbeworked outby modernscience.B.People cantalk withtheir latefamily membersfreely.C.Scientists havemade greatprogress incomputer science.D.There isstill along wayfor digitalhumans togo.【答案】1B2A3C4D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态--数字人1考查推理判断根据第一段可知，当安德鲁・卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又20是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者主要介绍安德鲁・卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now thesilver haired78-year oldhas realizedhe wouldlike hisloved onestohaveaccess tothosestories,even whenhe isno longeralive toshare them.Kaplan hasagreed tobecome川现在这位花白头发的岁的老人想要他爱的人知道AndyBot---a virtualperson whow be”78这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的Kaplan内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人故选B考查细节理解根据第二段中的2Now thesilver haired78-year oldhas realizedhe wouldlike hislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,even whenhe isno longeralive toshare them.Kaplan has现在这位花白头发的岁的老人想要他agreed tobecome AndyBot...a virtualpersonwhowillbe”78爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故Kaplan事故选A（）考查细节理解根据第三段中的3If allgoesaccordingtoplan,futuregenerationswillbeable tointeractwith himusing voicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,asking himquestions,letting.〃如himtellstoriesanddrawing upona lifetimesworth ofadvice longafter hisphysical bodyis gone果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议可知卡普兰成为〃数字人〃后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议故选C（）考查推理判断根据最后一段中的4If technologysucceeds increating emotionallyintelligentdigital humans,experts say,it mayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputers.〃可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永and experienceloss远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读理解4（感知）According toa teamof researchers,an animalsability to perceive timeis linkedto theirpaceof life.Our resultslend supporttothe importance of time perception in animals where theability toperceive time inavery short time maybe the difference between life and death for fast movingcreatures.commented leadauthor Kevin Healy fromTrinity CollegeDublin.The studywas donewithavariety of animals usingphenomenon basedonthemaximum speedofflashes oflight anindividual cansee beforethelightsource isseen asconstant.Dogs,for example,have eyeswitharefresh ratehigher thanhumans.One exampleof thisphenomenon atwork,the authorssay,isthehousefly andits ability to avoidbeinghit.The researchshowed fliesobserve motionina shorter timethan ourown eyescan achieve,which allowsthem toavoid beinghit.Professor GraemeRuxton ofthe Universityof StAndrews inScotland,who workedjointly ontheresearch project,said ina statement,Having eyesthat sendupdates tothe brainat muchhigherfrequencies than our eyesdo isof novalue ifthe braincannot processthat informationequallyquickly.Thus,this workhighlights theimpressive abilitiesof eventhe smallestanimal brains.Fliesmight notbe deepthinkers,but theycanmake good decisions very quickly.（虎甲虫）In comparison,the tigerbeetle runsfaster thanits eyescan keep up,basically becoming（猎物）blind,which requiresit tostop periodicallyto re-evaluate itspreys position.Our resultssuggest thattime perception offers anas yetunstudied dimensionalong whichanimalscan specializeand thereis considerablerange tostudy thissystem inmore detail.1What isthe researchmentioned inthe passagemainly aboutA.Pace of life of animals.B.Impressive abilitiesof animals.C.Lifetime ofsmall animals.D.Time perceptionofanimals.2What doesKevin Healyscomment meaninPara.2A.The survivalof fastmoving animalsrelies on their abilityto perceive time.B.Animals withquicker pace oflifehave betterperceptionoftime.C.The abilityofanimalstoperceivetime dependsontheirhigh movingspeed.D.Animals withpoor abilityoftimeperception haveashorterlife.3Why canhouseflies avoid being hitA.They canthink verydeeply beforethey act.B.They canprocess theinformation asquickly as they receiveit.C.They canfly muchfaster thantheir eyescan keepup.D.They cansend informationto brainmore quicklythan to their eyes.4What willa tigerbeetle havetodoto catcha movingpreyA.Slow downto gainits timeperception.B.Prevent itselffrom becomingblind.C.Stop occasionallyto spotthe preyagain.D.Try torun asfast asit can.【答案】l D2A3B4C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究考查细节理解根据第一段中的1According toa teamof researchers,an animalsabilityto感知,〃可知，据一组研究人员称,动物感知时间的能perceivetimeis linkedtotheirpaceoflife力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D考查推理判断根据第二段中的2theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswherethe abilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmoving可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的creatures.区别，由此可知，说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，KevinHealy故选A考查细节理解根据第四段中的3The researchshowed fliesobserve motioninashorter time〃可知，家蝇观察物体运动thanourown eyescan achieve,which allowsthem toavoidbeinghit.的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的but可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定,也就是说它们可以theycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.尽快处理收到的信息，故选B考查细节理解根据倒数第二段中的虎甲虫4the tigerbeetle runsfaster thanits eyescan猎keepup,basically becomingblind,which requiresit tostop periodicallyto re-evaluate itspreys物〃可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重position新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案.阅读理解5Its commonknowledge that the woman in Leonardoda Vincismost famous painting seems to lookbackat observers,following themwith her eyes nomatter wherethey stand intheroom.But thiscommonknowledge turnsout wrong.A newstudy findsthat thewoman inthe paintingis actuallylooking outat an angle thats

15.4degrees off totheobservers right-well outsideoftherange that people normallybelieve whentheythink someoneislookingright at them.In otherwords,said thestudy author;Horstmann,Shes not（凝视）looking atyou.This issomewhat ironic,becausetheentire phenomenonofa persons gazeina photographor paintingseeming tofollow theviewer iscalledthe Mona Lisa effect.That effectisabsolutely real,Horstmann said.Ifaperson isillustrated orphotographed lookingstraight ahead,even peopleviewing theportrait fromananglewill feelthey arebeing lookedat.As longasthe angleof the persons gazeisnomore thanabout5degrees off to eitherside,the Mona Lisa effectoccurs.This isimportantforhuman interactionwith on-screen characters.If youwant someoneofftotheright sideofaroom tofeel thatapersonon-screen islooking at him orher,you dontcutthe gaze ofthe character tothat side-surprisingly,doing sowould makean observerfeellikethecharacterisntlooking atanyone intheroomat all.Instead,you keepthegazestraight ahead.Horstmann andhis co-author werestudying thiseffect forits applicationinthe creation of（虚拟头像）artificial-intelligence avatarswhen Horstmanntook along lookatthe Mona Lisaandrealized shewasnt lookingathim.To makesure itwasnt justhim,the researchersasked24people toview imagesofthe Mona Lisaonacomputerscreen.They seta rulerbetween theviewer andthe screenand askedthe participantstonote whichnumber onthe ruler intersected Mona Lisas gaze.To calculate theangle of MonaLisasgaze asshe lookedattheviewer,they movedthe rulerfarther fromor closertothescreen duringthestudy.Consistently,the researchersfound,participants judgedthat thewoman intheMonaLisaportrait wasnot lookingstraightatthem,but slightlyofftotheir right.So whydo peoplerepeat thebelief thathereyesseem tofollow theviewer Horstmannisnt sure.Its possible,he said,thatpeoplehavethedesire tobe lookedat,so theythink thewoman islookingstraight atthem.Or maybethe peoplewho firstcoined the term MonaLisa effectjust thoughtitwas acool name.（）1It isgenerally believedthat thewomaninthe paintingMonaLisa.A.attracts the viewers tolook backB.seems mysteriousbecause ofher eyesC.fixes hereyes onthe backofthe viewers D.looks attheviewerswherever theystand2What gazerange ina paintingwill causetheMonaLisa effect

15.4015,4D3The experimentinvolving24people wasconducted to_.A.confirm HorstmannsbeliefB.create artificial-intelligence avatarsC.calculatetheangle ofMona Usas gazeD.explain howtheMonaLisa effectcanbeapplied4What canwe learnfromthepassageA.Horstmann thinksits coolto cointhetermMonaLisaeffect.B.The MonaLisaeffectcontributes tothecreationof artificialintelligence.C.Feeling beinggazed atby MonaLisa maybe causedby thedesire forattention.D.The positionoftherulerinthe experimentwill influencetheviewers*judgement.【答案】1D2B3A4C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，众所周知列奥纳多・达・芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们一项新研究发现这一常识是错误的，研究发现人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注考查细节理解根据第一段中的1Its commonknowledge thatthewomanin Leonardoda Vincismostfamouspaintingseemstolook backat observers,following themwith hereyes nomatter wheretheystandintheroom.”众所周知，列奥纳多・达・芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们可知人们普遍认为，《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人无论站在哪里都会看着观众故选D考查细节理解根据第二段中的2As longastheangleoftheperson*sgazeisnomorethanabout〃只要这个人的凝视角度不5degrees offto eitherside,theMonaUsa effectoccurs.。