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【答案】l.wait
2.tum
3.stay[.单句语法填空
1.Let mehear youplay theviolin.
2.Tom workedhard,only failagain atlast.
3.The questionis verydifficult answer.
4.The boywas seenfall suddenlyfrom thetree.
5.He pretendedread thetext whenI camein.
6.It is an honorfor meinvite toattend themeeting.
7.The goalof this activity ismeet the needs ofcommon people.
8.The enginejust wontstart.Something seemsgo wrongwith it.
9.Jack wasin lowspirits thosedays andhis friendsdid allthey couldcheer himup.
10.Martin showedno anxietyabout thecompetition.He seemedprepare forit prettywell.【答案】
1.play
2.to fail
3.to answer
4.to fall
5.to bereading
6.to beinvited
7.to meet
8.to havegone
9.to cheerlO.to havepreparedIL句型转换
1.The littlegirl wasthe onlyone whosurvived the plane crash.一The littlegirl wasthe onlyone to theplanecrash.
2.If hethought thetask deserveddoing,he woulddo it.，—If hethought thetask deservedhe woulddo it.
3.His eagernessthat hewanted to get back home was quite obvious.一His eagernesswasquiteobvious.
4.There arestill manyproblems whichneed to be solvedbefore we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.—There arestill manyproblems beforewearereadyfora longstayon theMoon.
5.Her fatherplans tofly toBeijing atleast fourtimes ayear so that hecan visither.—Her fatherplans tofly toBeijing atleast fourtimes ayear visither.【答案】l.to survive
2.to bedone
3.togetbackhome
4.to besolved
5.in order to/so asto in.语法填空Research hasbecome bothsimpler andmore complex.Its simplerbecause,if youhave acomputer,you canfindinformation you need by
1.search the Internet.For allyour information,you dont have togo to the library
2.find therelevantresources and
3.take noteson it.Instead,you canfind somesources from theInternetand printthe copies
4.need.Remember,however,that youshould usuallyconsult differenttypes ofsources.That is,you shouldntalways relyjust on theInternet for your research.While
5.find informationis easierthan ever,at thesame time,
6.research hasbecome morecomplex.There isa lotmorematerial available,which meansyou maybe
7.overwhelm withthe amountof information.You need to learnhow
8.sort throughand
9.find therelevant informationfor your particularproject.Also,youneed
10.check.【答案】l.searching
2.to find
3.take
4.needed
5.finding
6.researching
7.overwhelmed
8.to sort
9.find lO.to check魏写作园地演讲稿演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，句子要求短小精悍、铿锵有力赞成什么、反对什么要旗帜鲜明，不能模棱两可［基本框架］
1.称呼语最常用的是ladies andgentlemen,也可根据情况选用my dearfriends；hello,everyone等
2.具体内容开门见山，提出主题，对主题要进行清楚、客观的论述，最后简明扼要地总结演讲
3.结尾最常用的结尾是Thank youforyour listeningo［常用词块］
1.like tohelp strangers喜欢帮助陌生人
2.be fullof love充满爱
3.need others*help需要别人的帮助
4.appeal foraid恳求援助
5.hold aheated discussion开展热烈的讨论
6.poor children in need in remote areas需要帮助的偏远地区的贫困儿童
7.make oursociety moreharmonious让社会更力口和谐
8.lack necessitiesof life缺少生活必需品
9.be badly in need of ourassistance急需我们的帮助
1.介绍贫困孩子的现状；
2.呼吁同学们参加活动注意
1.词数80左右；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
4.开头语和结束语已给出，不计词数Dear brothersand sisters,Good morning,everyone!Im LiHua,chairman of the StudentsUnion.Thanks foryour listening.【参考范文】Dear brothersand sisters.Good morning,everyone!Im LiHua,chairman of the StudentsUnion.Iamearnestly callingforyouractiveparticipation in the campaignto be held inour city,whose themeis tohelp poorchildreninneedinremoteareas.Far awayfromthecity,many childrenof ourage areterribly lackingin necessitiesof life.Besides,good educationisunavailable for them.Whats worse,some areliving alonewithout theirparents company.They arebadlyinneedofourassistance now.Do nothesitate tojoin usto be a volunteerin sucha meaningfulevent.I have a firmbelief thatwith ourjoint efforts,thechildren therewill surelyhave abrighter future.Thanks foryourlistening.
9.taxw.对……征税；使纳税〃.税；税款
10.murder.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏儿谋杀；凶杀
11.arrest n.逮捕；拘留；中止逮捕；拘留；阻止
12.politics n.政治；政治观点词汇拓展拓展单词
1.extends扩展；使伸长；延长一extensive矽•.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的一extension扩大；延伸
2.profession n.职业；行业一professional的•.专业的；职业的一professor〃.教授；教师；教员
3.mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物一mix以配制；混淆；使混合一mixed力•.混合的；人员混杂的
4.coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围一cover包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖
5.applaud近.M.鼓掌诅称赞;赞赏—applause加鼓掌；掌声；喝彩
6.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠一mercifill.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的一merciless adj,残忍的；无慈悲心的
7.possession[usually p/・]个人财产；拥有；控制一possess乂控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有
8.opponent n.反对者；对手；竞争者一oppose%反对；抵制一opposed力•.反对的；截然不同的重点词组
1.set sail起航；开航
2.in aleague ofone9s own独领风骚
3.withdraw from退出；撤回
4.in hand在手头；可供使用
5.press conference记者招待会；新闻发布会重点句型
1.China hasinvested billionsin systemsand servicesalong theseroutes,which willhelp togreatlydevelop thewhole areafor thebenefit offuture tradeand culturalexchange.中国已经在这些路线的系统和服务上投资了数十亿美元，这将有助于整个地区的大力发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流
2.From ascientific pointof view,there isan urgentneedtostudy theArctic in orderto understandclimate changeand itseffects.从科学的角度看，为了了解气候变化和它的影响，急需研究北极
3.Hundreds ofyears on,and withthe latesttechnology in hand,theneedto tradeand thedesire toenhancerelationships willdrive Chinato reachout acrossthe seafar intothe future.几百年过去了，在掌握最新技术的情况下，贸易的需要和加强关系的渴望将促使中国未来向海洋发展
4.To trulyunderstand our planet,we mustexplore theoceans whichcover mostof it.为了充分理解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋
5.We needto understandwhat ishappening toour planetso thatwe cantake action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动知识点01extend以扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开先练基础——单句语法填空lThe bosssaid at the pressconference thathe extendhis businessto foreigncountries inthe nearfuture.2Meanwhile,the companysays that the batterylife canextend up40hours.【答案】
1.would extend
2.to•extend…to…提供；给予extend to延长到extend by延长了•extensive的.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的Qextension n.延长；扩大再提能力——完美写作•完成句子/单句写作・背诵⑶这些课程每周上一节课，每节课两小时，持续超过20周These coursesare basedon aweekly two-hour class,extending overa periodof twentyweeks.4我对你及时而且慷慨的帮助表示由衷的感谢I extendmy heartfeltgiatitude foryour timelyand geneiousassistance.知识点2mercy〃.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠先练基础——单句语法填空11had mercyMary,who hadno alternativebut towithdraw fromcollege tocare forher sickmother.2The bossoften exploitsyoung employees,that is,young employeesare themercy ofthe boss.【答案】l.on
（3）尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手（2020•新高考全国I,读后续写）Although theMerediths werentwell off,they showedmercyto/had mercyon/upon thepoor andwere alwayswilling toextenda supportinghand wheneverpossible.知识点3possession n.[usually p/・]个人财产；拥有；控制先练基础——单句语法填空（）l He isa programmer by profession,so hetakes possession three laptops.=He isa programmerby profession,so heis in possessionthreelaptops.=He isaprogrammerbyprofession,so threelaptops arein possession of him.【答案】l.of,of,the•take possessionof（表动作）占有；拥有inpossessionof俵状态）具有；拥有inthepossessionof被拥有；归所有•possess
0.拥有；具有；支配再提能力——完美写作•词汇升级/完成句子•背诵
2.inhand
3.at hand
4.by hand
5.ontheother hand知识点5so that引导目的状语从句We needtounderstandwhat ishappening toourplanetsolhaLM已xaitlakR尊我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动先练基础——请写出下列句子中黑体部分是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句11got upearly so that Icould catchthe early bus.目的状语从句21got upearly sothat Icaught theearlybus.结果状语从句•本句中sothat引导目的状语从句，相当于in orderthat,从句中往往含有情态动词，如can,could,may,might等•sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词再提能力——完美写作•完成句子•背诵⑶每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势Every studentmay havedifferent weakand strongsubjects,so theyshould learnfrom eachother sothat/inorderthat theycanhave moreadvantages thandisadvantages.4请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健康Please comeup witha workoutschedule andstick toit sothatyoucan getin shapesoon.⑸她比从前学习努力，因此她轻松地通过了考试She studiedharder thanbefore sothat shepassed theexam withease.83语法精讲动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语［观察例句］
1.To completethe greatmap ofthe worldwas astrong passionforthepeople ofearly civilizations.
2.Its veryimportant tomaster aforeign language.
3.The aimof thisinitiative is to encouragecooperation andtrade acrossthe historicSilk Roadareas,and strengthenthebonds betweenChina andthe restoftheworld.
4.Trading hasgrown greatlyin recentyears,and willcontinue to do soin yearsto come.
5.Marco Polostales inspiredEuropean explorersto searchfor searoutes fromwest toeast.
6.Here,merchants fromChina andmany other places metto negotiatetrade dealswhich alsoled tomore awarenessof9each otherscultures.
7.Although theancient searoutes ofZheng Hehave beentravelled manytimes,there arestill manyotherplacesleft toexplore.［归纳用法］
1.例句1中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作主语例句2中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语
2.例句3中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作表语
3.例句4中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作宾语
4.例句5中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作宾语补足语
5.例句6中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作状语
6.例句7中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作定语
一、动词不定式的形式主动语态被动语态意义表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在一般时to doto bedone谓语动作之后完成时to havedone to have beendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之刖表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正进行时to bedoing在进行1plan toattend themeeting to beheldtomorrow.我打算参加明天举行的会议（attend的动作在plan之后发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系）They aresaid to be studyingpsychology.据说他们正研究心理学（be said与study同时发生）Im verysorry tohave keptyou sittingaround doingnothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉（keep发生在be sorry之前）No harmseems tohave beendone.似乎并没有什么危害发生（do发生在seem之前，且harm与do之间是被动关系）［名师点津］动词不定式的否定式在不定式符号to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加noteZhang Mingasked menot tostay athome allday.张明要我别整天待在家里My motherlet menot doit bymyself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事［即学即练1］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They seemknow eachother foralongtime.
②They pretendedwork hardwhen theteacher camein.
③I wantedthe lettertype at once.［答案］l.tohaveknown
2.to beworking
3.tobetyped
二、不定式的句法功能动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分L作主语To talkwith himisagreat pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事［名师点津］
①为了避免头重脚轻，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后面，用it作形式主语，放在句首
②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加上“for/of+九/pm〃T结构当形容词表达事物的特征时用for sb.；当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of sb.,这样的形容词有careful,cruel,foolish,brave,good,honest,kind,rude,polite,nice,stupid,wise,wrong等Its veryimportant foryou toremember this.对你来说记住这一点很重要Its verykind ofyou tohelp me.你能帮我真是太好了
2.作表语不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem,appear,prove,turn out等连系动词之后的不定式尤其是tobe；二是像My jobisto sweepthe floor我的工作就是擦地板这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等He seemstobeill.他似乎生病了Her wishistobeateacher.她的愿望是当一名教师We areto meetatthebus stationat three.我们约定3点钟在车站见面表约定
3.作宾语常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有“决心学会想希望”:decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect/long“设法假装在拒绝manage,pretend,refuse“主动答应选计划”:offer,promise,choose,plan“同意请求帮一帮”:agree,ask/beg,help外加afford,fail,would like/love,threatenoI cantafford tobuy acar.我买不起汽车I likeswimming,but Idon*t liketo swimthis afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但我今天下午不想游泳［名师点津］不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而用形式宾语it代替，常见句式think/believe/consider/find/feel,etc.+it+〃4/・/〃.+不定式I thinkit necessaryto sendfor anexpert.我认为请位专家来是有必要的
4.作宾语补足语通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词advise,allow,ask,bear,beg,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,help,intend,invite,leave,like,mean,need,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,remind,teach,tell,trouble,want,warn,wish等What causedhim tochange hismind是什么使他改变主意的？He didntallow thestudents togo there.他没允许学生们去那儿
5.作定语I havea questionto askyou.我有一个问题要问你He isnot aman totell alie.他不是个说谎的人［名师点津］不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词The Brownshaveacomfortable houseto livein.布朗家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住
6.不定式作状语
（1）动词不定式可以用作目的状语其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语To succeed,one mustfirst ofall believein himself.要想成功，首先必须相信自己⑵only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果We hurriedtothestation,only tobe toldthat thetrain hadleft.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了
（3）形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语常见词有happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased,fortunate,right等You willnever knowhow happyI wasto seeheryesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我有多么高兴⑷在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+todo”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义该结构中常用的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等The boxisnoteasy tocarry.这个箱子不易携带
7.动词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用，在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等How tosolve theproblem isv eryi mportant.（主语）如何解决这一问题很重要He didntknow what toask.（宾语）他不知道该问些什么My questionis whento start.表语我的问题是何时开始［即学即练2］用所给动词的适当形式填空©It tookyears ofwork reducethe industrialpollution andclean thewater.21heard apassenger behindme shoutingtothedriver,but herefused stopuntil wereached thenext stop.
③He isthought actfoolishly.Now hehas noone buthimself toblame forlosing thejob.【答案】
1.to reduce
2.to stop
3.tohaveacted
三、省略to的情况
1.在某些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式，常不带t；如果这些动词用于被动结构，其后的t就必须补上这类词可以用以下口诀助记一感feel二听listen to,hear三让make,have,let五看see,watch,observe,look at,noticeoI oftenhear himsing the song.我经常听见他唱那首歌Heisoften heardto singthesong.他经常被人听见唱那首歌
2.在以why引导的疑问句中，表示建议，不定式不带toWhy congratulateher为什么要祝贺她呢？Why notconduct theinterview rightnow为什么不马上主持面试呢？
3.在cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot helpbut之后的动词不定式不带toI cannotbut admirehis courage.我只有佩服他的勇气
4.动词不定式在but,except,besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do,那么，这些词后的动词不定式不带to,否则要带toShe coulddo nothingbut cry.她除了哭，不能做任何事I haveno choicebut towork forthe Erm.除了为这家公司工作，我别无选择What doyou liketodobesides swim除了游泳，你还喜欢做什么？
5.为了避免重复，动词不定式可省去toIm reallypuzzled aboutwhattothink orsay.想什么，说什么，我确实困惑了［名师点津］在expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,forget,want,try以及be glad,be happy,wouldlike,should love,wouldlove等后面，常用t来代替前面的不定式，以避免重复I haventconducted aperformance,but Iwish to.我没有主持过演出，但是我希望主持一场［即学即练3］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I hadnothing todo butwait outsideofthegate.2Why notturn offthe gasatonce3They couldntchoosebutstay there.。
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