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Period FourGrammar——Word formation语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析■感悟体会感悟体会下列各组单词，并总结规律©chairman主席better更好/改善家乡报纸hometown newspapersunrise日出airport机场
②dislike不喜欢unlucky不走运的incorrect不正确的telephone电话retell复述
③reader读者Chinese中国人inventor发明家artist艺术家Indian印度人operation手术kindness和蔼水/浇水©waterbook书籍/预订dry干的/弄干nurse护士/护理
①组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一个新的单词这种构词法被称之为合成法
1.
②组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀,如等
2.dis-,in-,un-,re-,tele-
③组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀，如等
3.-er,-or,-ese,-ian
②③组中单词的构词法被称之为派生法
4.
④组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化法
5.里语^精吃英语词汇的构成主要有三种方法派生Derivation通过加前缀或后缀使之构成一个新词合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词Compounding转化Conversion一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性构词法一派生派生法又叫词缀法，它一般借助于词缀构成新词由词缀法构成的词称为派生词英derivative语词缀分成前缀和后缀两种加于词根前的叫前缀加于词根后的叫后缀prefix,suffix
15.B.tripC.event D.accident答案D解析根据语境可推断她的家人在事故中丧生了accident
16.B.becauseC.if D.when答案B解析热天穿夹克和长裤是因为它们是她与女儿最后在一起买的because
17.B.neverC.often D.hardly答案c解析她坐在野餐桌旁是因为她过去经常与他们她的家人坐在那儿often
18.B.createdC.enjoyed D.ignored答案解析她与作者回忆过去，即与作者分享过去与家人在一起的欢乐和失去家人之后A share的痛苦
19.B.doubtC.prove D.remember答案解析作者帮助了她，她也让作者意识到眨眼之间凡事都可能发生变化A realize
20.B.matterC.change D.appear答案C解析眨眼之间凡事都可能改变如不知道什么时候就可能会失去家人，所以要好好珍惜change,并每天拥抱你爱的人.短文改错IIDear Lucy,I amvery excitedto learnthat youre comingto Xi an for my parentmiss youa isour friend,is besttime of the year to visit Xiis onlya fewrain and the weatheris neithertoo hotor too are so many placesIwanted to take you to after I finish my worklike a volunteer in the local you come,you canstay withhouseis aboutthree kilometersfar away from Xian Moslem Street whereis fullof localfoods.Best regards!Janet答案Dear Lucy,十，Parent.cI amvery excitedto learnthat youre comingtoX1an formy parentsmiss丫11a•i few.,..就our friend,加is besttimeof theyeartovisitXi用日.is onlya rainandtheweather isor1wanted i「x厂.i,liket Tneithertoo hottooareso manyplaces Iwantto takeyou toafterIfinishmywork.,ourselves,...,avolunteerin thelocalyoucome,you canstaywith-.My houseis aboutthreekilometers farawayfromXianMoslemStreetis fullof localfoods.Best regards!Janet一般说来，前缀只是改变词的意义，并不改变其词类如形容词力.不自然的；不近unnaturaim人情的），词义发生变化，而词类不变但是，一些特殊的前缀不仅能改变词的意义，还可以使单词的词类发生变化如force—enforce（执行，实施；强调），large—enlarge（扩大），richfenrich（使富足；使肥沃；使充实）等后缀不仅改变词的意义，而且使单词由一种词类转变为另一种词类如动词作“发明”讲，加上后缀变为作“发明者”讲，不仅词义发invent or,inventor,生变化，而且词类由动词变成了名词构词法二合成合成法是把两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列成新词的方法用这种方法构成的新词叫作复合词（）compound wordso在整个英语发展的过程中，合成法在构词方面起着积极的作用，为英语增添和补充了大量的词汇复合词的构词成分可由各种词类表示，而且组合不受英语句法在词序排列上的限制，比较灵活，复合词的构词材料多半由基本词汇提供复合名词
1.复合名词（合成名词）常见的构成方法如下（）名词+名词如（蚕）；（验血）1silkworm blood-test（）形容词+名词如（速记）2shorthand
（3）动名词+名词o如waiting-room（候车室）；sleeping-pill（安眠药）（）动词+名词如（扒手）;（防波堤）4pickpocket breakwater（）名词+动名词如（书法）；（日光浴）5handwriting sunbathing（）动词+副词如:（联欢会）;（突破）6get-together breakthrough（）副词+动词如（爆发）;（垮台）7outbreak downfall复合形容词
2.复合形容词（合成形容词）最常见的构成方法如下⑴形容词+名词+如（高尚的）；（脾气好的）；-ed onoble-minded good-tempered ill/bad-tempered（脾气坏的）；（心不在焉的）；（心肠好的）；（热血的）；absent-minded kind-hearted warm-bloodedcold-blooded（冷血的）（）形容词+现在分词如（好看的）；（随和的）2good-looking easygoing（）副词+现在分词如（勤劳的）；（深远的）3hard-working far-reaching（）名词+现在分词如（热爱和平的）4peace-loving（）名词+过去分词如；（由衷的）；（国营的）；（人造的）；5heartfelt state-owned man-made hand-made（手工的）（）副词+过去分词如（著名的）；（广泛流传的）6well-known widespread（）形容词+名词如（高级的）;（大规模的）；（专职的）;7high-class large-scale full-time part-time（兼职的）构词法三转化转化法是由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法一转换为名词动词转换为名词
1.有大量动词可以转换为名词，这些转换的名词一般表示原来的动作或状态，意思没有太大变化，如下面的黑体词我来试一试lLet mehave atry.2We stoppedthere for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳这类名词常可和一动词构成短语，表示一个动作，如have alookchat,talk,wash,swim,rest,try,quarrel,smoke,lie,read,dream,run,fight,walk,ride,drink,laugh,dance,bath,wish,win,fear,love,shave,debate,interview,taste,etc.make astudyguess,visit,call,survey,jump,slip,change,search,stay,start,reply,remark,fight,purchase,sacrifice,demand,show,deal,etc.形容词转换为名词
2.部分形容词特别是表示颜色的形容词常可转换为名词；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,等与连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下面的黑体词wounded,injured thelYoushould bedressed inblack at the funeral.你在葬礼上应该穿黑色衣服2The oldin ourvillage areliving ahappy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活二转换为动词名词转换为动词有相当多名词可以直接用作动词如下面的黑体词
1.⑴许多表示物件的名词可以用作动词来表示动作
①Have youbooked yourticket你的票订好了吗？
②Who chairedthe meeting谁主持会议？Dlt canseat athousand people.它能容纳一千人一些表示身体某部位的名词也可用作动词2©Hand inyour exercisebooks,please.请把你的练习本交上来
②Who headedthe delegation谁任代表团团长？dWe shouldshoulder theseresponsibilities.我们应当肩负起这些责任来⑶一些表示某类人的名词也可用作动词
①If so,we shallbe badlyfooled.如果这样我们就会上大当
②He insistedon stayingup tonurse thechild.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个小孩形容词转换为动词有少部分形容词也可用作动词如下面的黑体词
2.lThe trainslowed downto halfits speed.火车的速度慢了一半2Please warmup thedish overthe stove.请把菜放在炉子上加热一下3The roomgradually quieteddown.屋里慢慢静了下来三个别其他转换的情况，如下面的黑体词lThis is a repeatperformance of their oldpolicy.这是他们的故伎重演动一形2We beganto marchnorth.我们开始向北进军名一副有个别词在一定的场合下可用作名词如下面的黑体词3His argumentcontains toomany ifsand buts.他在说理时“如果”和“但是”用得太多了4This bookisamust forstudents ofelectronics.这本书是学电子学的学生的必修课5Have youconsidered thewhy andhow ofthe plan你考虑过制定这一计划的原因和方式吗？四通过读音转换有一些词可以词形不变用作另一词类，但重音发生变化较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前动词名词消化摘要，文摘digest/dai d^est//daid^est/export/ik，spt/输出,出口I1ekspt/出口import/im pt/进口，输入/lmp）t/进口permit/pa/mlt/准许，允许r p3mlt/许可证颁发；上演礼物present/prr zent/r preznt/记录；录音记录；唱片record/ri kd//rekd/transfer/traensf3/转学；调往/traensf3/转送；过户transport/traens,pt/运输，运送r traensp）t/运输■高考链接.单句语法填空I（）
1.To avoidknee pain,you canrun onsoft surfaces,do exercisesto strengthenstrength yourleg（肌肉），（•全国）muscles avoidhills andget goodrunning shoes.2018I（）
2.This switchhas decreasedpollution pollutein thecountry smajor lakesand reservoirsand made（•全国）drinking watersafer forpeople.2018II（）
3.According to the WorldBank,China accountsfor about30percent oftotal globalglobe fertilizer（）consumption.2018-Hl II（）（•全国）
4.rma scientistscience whostudies animalssuch asapes andmonkeys.2018HI（）
5.Steam engineswere usedto pullthe carriagesand itmust havebeen fairlyfair unpleasantfor the（•全国）passengers,with allthe smokeand noise.2017II（）
6.This developmentwas onlypossible with the introductionintroduce ofelectric-powered engines（,全国）and lifts.2017II（）（•全国）
7.She isdetermined tocarry onwith hereducation educate.2017III（）（•才斤江）
8.But somethingmade herlook closer,and shenoticed ashiny/shining shineobject.
20179.The titlewill beofficially（official）given tome at a ceremonyinLondon.（2016・全国I））
10..Then,handle themost importanttasks firstso you11feel areal senseof achievement^achieve.（2016・全国II）单句改错（每小题仅有处错误）n.i（•全国短文改错）
1.I feltthat theirlifehad improved.2018I,（•全国短文改错）I raisedmy hand.2018HI,difference
4.I enjoyedstudying kindsof carsand planes.（2017•全国III,短文改错different,全国短文改错2017I,2ImmediateImmediatelysuddenly
3.It wasa reliefand Icame toa stopjust inthe middleoftheroad.suddenhonest
5.My uncletells methat thekey tohis successis.（2016・全国I,短文改错）honesty就（•全国短文改错）.2016I,
6.Instead,he hopesthat hisbusiness willgrow达标检测----------------------------------------------------------------当堂检测基础达标演练.单句语法填空I
1.I cant findmy toysanywhere-they veentirely disappearedappear.
2.Being unableableto afforda properhome aftergetting married,the couplemoved into a mountaincave.
3.It san informalformal party,so youneedn tgo home to getchanged.
4.It wasimpolitepolite ofyoutoask himthe personalquestion infront ofsomanypeople.批评
5.His parentscompletely misunderstoodundeDStandhim andcriticized himheavily.
6.Tom wasencouragedcourage byhis fathertotakepart inthe singingcompetition.
7.On astormystorm night,his sonwas missingon theway backhome.
8.Their productis friendlyfriendto theenvironment andpopular withcustomers.
9.He didn t likehis work；he didit simplysimplefor themoney.；
10.Martin wasvery helpfulhelpwe couldnt havefinished thework ontime withouthim.
11.Mr Leesaid thatthe smiles and happinesshappyofthechildren gavehim greatcourage everyday.
12.This latestteaching equipmentequipin ourclass issaid tohave costa lotof money.判断下列画线单词的词性和意思n.
1.Mary isdrawing waterfrom thewell andlooks quitewell.第一个是名词，井；第二个是形容词，气色好，身体好well well
2.I havebooked myticket andbought threebooks formy sister.第一个是动词，预订；第二个是名词，书book book
3.My brotheris studyingfor thecoming examinationin ourfather,s study.第一个是动词，学习；第二个是名词，书房study study
4.Let sgo outforawalk aftersupper,but dont walktoo fast.第一个是名词，散步；第二个是动词，走walk walk
5.Although mynew cellphonehas manyfunctions,it doesnt functionwell.第一个是名词，功能；第二个是动词，起作用，运转function function课时跟踪练强化训练限时规范答题■基础巩固■------单句语法填空
1.He hadmisreadread aroad signand takenthe wrongway.
2.It ishoped thatnaturalnature resourceswill befound onMars.
3.He wasone ofthe greatestthinkersthink andhad agreat effecton Chineseculture.
4.It iscertainlycertain funbut thelifestyle isa littleunreal.
5.On NewYear,s Day,we visitedevery neighborinthevillage andwere greetedwarmlywarm ateachhouse.
6.Many accidentsare causedby somedrivers carelessnesscareless.
7.After along discussiondiscusswith herfather,she decidednot totake thejob.
8.The boydidntpass theentrance examination,so hisparents wereunhappyhappy aboutthe result.
9.The GreatWall inChina lefta deepimpressionimpress onthe peopleall overthe world.
10.Fatherlooked atthe resultof hisson sexamination withsatisfactionsatisfy.■能力提升■.完形填空IOne day,I wason myway toa familyI droveintoalocal gas station,I]a womansitting aloneat apicnicit was2,she wasdressed ina winterjacket andlong pants.As Ileft thegas station,I3drove towardsmy momentI gothome,I wentand4some hadjust boughta new backpackand Iknew it was5fbr herbecause itmatched her6the backpack with somesnacks,睡衣drinks,a newpair ofpajamas andsome newminutes later,I7I returned to thegasstation,I gotoutof the8withthe backpack,and walkedtothe9myself andthen askedif itwas okayif I10with offeredherthe bagand she11then asked me to share a snack from the backpack with her,as shehad eaten12thatagreed andfor anhour Isat therewith her,a poorwoman wholost herentire13years ago.She wasonce aschool teacher,but she was14to mentallyreturn towork afterthe
15.She explained月艮装she worethat particularoutfit16itwasthe lastoutfit shebought withher alsosaid she17satwith her husband and children atthe verypicnic table.眨眼We18smilesandhelped thiswoman,and shealso helpedmeto19that inthe blinkof aneye,语篇解读作者在加油站陪一位失去everything can20,Make sureyou hugyour lovedones everyday!家人的孤苦女人聊天，以缓解她内心的苦闷，同时作者从她身上意识到眨眼之间凡事都可能发生变化，所以要好好珍惜并经常拥抱你爱的人
1.B・sensedC.felt D.noticed答案D解析空后的是对女人穿着的描述，由此可推断作“shewasdressed ina winterjacket andlong pants者开车进入加油站的时候注意到了她notice
2.B.hotC.cold D.cloudy答案B解析根据该句主从句的让步关系可推断此处应意为尽管天气炎热但她还是穿着厚夹克和hot,长裤
3.B.nervouslyC.immediately D.slowly答案c解析根据下文作者返回加油站帮助那位妇女之举可推断作者助人心切，他离开加油站就立马开车回家拿东西送给她immediately
4.B.boughtC.made D.sold答案A解析才艮据睡衣“L.thebackpackwith somesnacks,drinks,anewpair ofpajamas andsome new及后面说到作者把这些点心、饮料等给那位妇女可推断，作者一回到家就收集一socks.”gather些东西准备送给那个妇女
5.B.necessaryC.lucky D.perfect答案D解析根据可推断作者认为背包和她的外套很配“because itmatched hercoat”
6.B.filledC.equipped D.decorated答案B解析根据可推断，作者把一些吃“She thenasked meto sharea snackfrom thebackpackwithher”的和穿的装在包里fill
7.up B.got offC.set offD.took off答案c解析根据“Once Ireturnedtothe gasstationv可推断作者收拾完毕就又出发setoff去加油站了
8.B.busC.taxi D.train答案A解析根据上文多次出现的可知作者是自己开车去的，所以应该是从车里出来drove car
9.B.encouragedC.expressed D.introduced答案D解析初次见面作者当然先是做自我介绍了introduce
10.up B.sat downC.stood upD.laid down答案B解析根据上文“a womansitting aloneatapicnictablev可判断作者问她能否与她坐sitdown在一起
11.B.foundC.accepted D.received答案C解析根据可推断她接受了作者的“She thenaskedmetoshareasnackfromthebackpackwithher”馈赠
12.B.nothingC.anything D.everything答案B解析因为那天她什么东西也没吃所以她开始和作者分享甜点eat nothing,
13.B.coworkersC.relatives D.family答案D解析根据“She alsosaid she...sat withherhusbandandchildrenatthevery picnictable.v可推断此处指她失去了家人导致她现在只能一个人坐在那里family,
14.B.afraidC.ready D.eager答案A解析她曾经是一位老师，但是失去家人后内心非常痛苦，故不能返回去上课了unable。
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