名词性从句08

同位语从句.同位语从句常放在1fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,等抽象名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进doubt一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义The hopethat hemay recoveris notgoneyet.他恢复的希望还没有破灭The problemwhether weshould continueto（不能代替do the experiment hasbeen solved,if来引导同位语从句，作“是否讲，whether if只能引导宾语从句）我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了我I haveno ideawhen he will comeback.不知道他将何时回来.同位语从句与定语从句的区别2同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，连词只起引导作用，不在句中that作任何成分，一般不可省略定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，关系代词that在句中作一定的句子成分做宾语的关系代词可省略thatThe newsthat theyhad won the gamesoonspread overthe wholeschool.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校（此句为同位语从句，进一步解释的“the news”内容）The newsyou toldme yesterdaywas reallydisappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望（此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息）可省Whatever/No matterwhat yousay,I willnotbelieve you.无论你说什么，我不会相信你（状语从句）Whoever/No matterwho breaksthe law,hewill bepunished.无论谁违法，都将受到惩罚（状语从句）“疑问词+与疑问词”的区ever”“no matter+别“疑问词+与疑问词”虽然都ever”“no matter+有“无论…”的意思，但是用法有区别」疑问词+既可以引导ever”名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而+“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句The pooryoung manis readyto acceptwhateverhelp hecan get.这位可怜的年轻人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受（宾语从句）The how-to bookcan beof helpto whoeverwantsto do the job.指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助（宾语从句）Whatever/No matterwhat yousay,I willnotbelieve you.无论你说什么，我不会相信你（状语从句）Whoever/No matterwho breaksthe law,hewill bepunished.无论谁违法，都将受到惩罚（状语从句）Do exercises:correct thesentences

1.1am afraidhes moreof atalker thana doer,which is that henever finishesanything.that fwhy

2.She isvery dearto us.We havebeen preparedto do whichit takesto saveher lifewhich fwhatever

3.It suddenlyoccurred tohim whether he hadlefthis keysin theoffice whether-that

4.He thought that whatmattered mostinimproving yourspoken Englishwas enoughconfidenceand practicethoughtthatwhat

5.As isknown tous all is thatour planet is facingveryserious environmentalissues As-What

6.Why nottry yourluck downtown,Bob Thatswhat thebest jobsare.what^where

7.The shockingnews mademe realizehowterrible problemswe wouldface.when fwhere

9.1tisknown tous allis that the livingstandardof theChinese peoplehas greatlyimprovedIt-What/allis thatlO.People haveheard what the presidenthas said;they arewaiting tosee whenhewilldo.when—what1l.We dont doubtwhetherhecan doa goodjob.whether fthat

12.Are theshoes that you boughtyesterday thatfwhat

13.The reasonwhy Ilike thisbook isbecause itisuseful formy work.because^that

14.This surprisedus verymuch thatTom shouldhaveleft withouta word.This-It

15.The questionis if the filmis worthseeing,if一whether

16.The newscame whichour footballteamwon.which fthat

1.11fthesports meetingwill beheld dependsonthe weatherIf-Whether

18.Who knowsthe truthwill tellyou aboutit.Who fWhoever

19.They wantto makeit clearto thepublic theydoan importantjob.A that they do

20.He waslate forclass madeus angryAThat he

21.When we11finish translatingthe bookdepend on howdifficult itis.dependonf dependson

22.We thoughtstrange thatTom didnot comeyesterdaythoughtAit

23.See tothatthechildren dont catchcold.to Ait

24.Whom isgoing todothejob willbe decidedbythe Partycommittee.whom^who

25.What hereally meansis what he disagreeswithus.第二个whathe-that he

26.A11what ishard istodogood allone slifeand neverdo anythingbad what—that

27.lt suncertain thattheexperimentis worthdoing.that-whether

28.That houseisthatLao Sheonce livedisthatf iswhere

29.The energyisthatmakes thecells ableto dotheirworkthat-what

30.Our teachersaid thatthe textis veryimportantand weshould writeit outandA thatwhoseever（无主、定语论）谁表、的宾、同whatever（无主、主、宾、定论）什表、么宾、同whichever（无主、主、宾、定论）哪表、个宾、同how如何，主、状语怎样表、宾、同when什么主、状语时候表、宾、同where什么主、状语地方表、宾、同why为什主、状语么表、宾、同主语从句的两种结构

1.^1^〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜谓［例］Who arethe winnershasnt beenannounced.

②谓［例］It It hasntbeen announcedwho arethe winners.什么是主语从句？主语从句就是整个句子作主语它可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构

①），但多数情况是作形式主语（结构

②），而把主语从句放在王it句之后什么是主语从句？主语从句就是整个句子作主语它可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构

①），但多数情况是作形式主语（结构

②），而把主语从句放在主it句之后从以上主语从句的两种结构可以看出结构

①是这一整个句子作who arethe winners主语，是谓语部分hasnt beenannounced如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这时我们可以采用结构

②，用作形式主语来代替主语从句，it而把真正的主语从句放到主句的后面，以保持句子平衡这种作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结it构

①It is+n.+that...[例]It isa pity/a shame/a wonder/a question/nowonder that...It isa pity thatyoudidnt takepart inour partyyesterday.真遗憾你没有参加我们昨天的聚会He workshard atall hislessons.lt isno wonderthat he isa topstudent.他努力学习所有的功课，难怪他是尖子生

②It is+adj.+that...[例]It istrue/clear/well-known/likely/obvious/impossible/right that...显然，It isobvious thatthe patientis betterday by这个病人在一天天好起来It iswell-known thatChina has madebreakthroughs inmany fieldsof science.众所周知，中国在很多科学领域取得了重大突破

③过去分词+从句It is+[例:It issaid/reported/believed/expected/thought/hoped从句”，或者/suggested that+It hasnotbeendecidedthat/whether/who/...It isreported thatmany youngpeople goto bigcitiesto earnmoney.据报道很多年轻人到大城市去挣钱Ithasnot beendecided howmany volunteerswillattend theactivity.到底多少志愿者参加这个活动还没有决定

④宾语+从句It+vt.+[例]Itworried/shocked/surprised/delighted...that...或者It makesno differencethat/whether...It worriedher abit thather hairwas turninggrey.她的头发在变白（这件事）使她有点担忧It shockedme thatPeter didnttell anybodywherehe was.彼得对任何人也没说他在哪里这件事令我震惊It makesno differenceto mewhether hegoesthere ornot.他去不去那儿对我来说关系不大

⑤从句It+v.+［例］It doesntmatter if/whether...It made...+adj.that...It happens/happened that...It seems/seemed that...It appears/appeared that...It seemedto himthathe wouldnever workoutthe question.在他看来他好像永远也无法解决那个问题Itso happenedthatthefamous actorwas herbrother.=The famousactor happenedto beher brother.那个有名的演员碰巧是她的哥哥.表语从句的结构2系+表语___________［例］The questionis whetherthey haveenoughtime.什么是表语从句？位于系动词之后，整个从句作表语的句子叫表语从句表语从句对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化表语从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从句位于系动词之后位于哪些系动词之后呢能接表语从句的系动词主要是be,seem,appear,look,等sound,remain（黑体部China isno longerwhat sheused tobe.分为系动词，画线部分为表语从句）今日的中国不再是过去的中国了The questionremains whetherthey willbe abletohelp us.问题还是他们能否帮我们He lookedjust ashe hadlooked tenyears before.他看起来还与年前一样10It soundsas ifsomeone isknocking atthe door.听起来好像有人在敲门Thafs becausehe didntunderstand me.那是因为他没有理解我（…强调Thafs because原因）Thafs whyhe gotangry withme.（那正是他对我生气的原因…强调Thatswhy结果）.宾语从句的两种结构3

②动（）it+adj./n.[例（及物l]Do youknow wherethe boylives动词之后）[例2]I minterested inwhat yousaid（介词之后）atthemeeting.[例（）3]We areglad thatyou vecome tojoin us.（形容词之后）[例4]The boyhasmadeit clearthathewont（作形式宾语）give up.it[例5]We feelit apitythatyou wontjoin usin（作形式宾语）与引导名the game.it whatthat词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时，意l.what，为“什么在从句中作主语、宾语和表语”，What wasthe mostimportant toher,she toldmewas herfamily.China isno longerwhat sheused tobe.引导名词性从句，不充当任何句子成分，

2.that只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾it语从句时，常被省略thatThat shewill succeedis certain.=It iscertainthat shewill succeed.她一定会成功It isobvious tothe studentsthat theyshouldget wellprepared fortheir future.应该为将来做好准备，这一点学生们相当清楚。