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新教材人教版英语选择性必修第四册高UNIT UNIT33频词汇知识点清单UNIT3SEA EXPLORATION目录高频词汇精讲起航;开航
1.set sail扩展;使伸长;延长;提供
2.extend vt,商定;达成代办议谈判;磋商;协商
3.negotiate vt,vi.使撤回;撤离
4.withdraw vi.vt.withdrew,withdrawn纽带;关系增强信任关系;使牢固结合
5.bond n.vt.vi.在手头;可供使用
6.in hand混合;结合体;混合物
7.mixture n,新闻报道;覆盖范围
8.coverage n.鼓掌称赞;赞赏
9.applaud vt.vi.vt.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
10.mercy n.个人财产;拥有;控制
11.possession n.[usually pl.]把……载入正式记录;记录正式记录;日志;原木
12.log vt.n.逮捕;拘留;中止逮捕;拘留;阻止
13.arrest n,vt.结构状语从句中的省略
1.结构有……的需要去做某事
2.There isan...need to do sth.结构引导的状语从句
3.so that不定式
一、不定式作主语
二、不定式作表语
三、不定式作宾语
四、不定式作宾语补足语
五、不定式作定语
六、不定式作状语()There isno needfor youto apologizefor aminor slip.(你)没必要为一个小失误而道歉
②某事没有必要There isno needfor sth.There isno needfor anyfurther instructionon mypart.我不需要作任何进一步的指示结构引导的状语从句
3.so that(教We need to understandwhat ishappening toour planetso that we cantake action.材)我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么,这样我们才能采取行动情景导学P32The teacherspoke loudly,so thatevery studentheard clearlythat day.老师说得很大声,所以那天每个学生都听得很清楚Please saydefinitely whetheryou will be ingor notso thatI canarrange everythingin.请明确告诉我你来不来,以便我可以提前安排好一切advance用法归纳
①弓|导目的状语从句时,意为以便,为了“,从句中常含有、、、so thatmight couldcan等情态动词will
②弓导结果状语从句时,意为“因此,以至于,所以”,有时前面有逗号与主so thatI句隔开结构拓展和可引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”其具so...that...such...that...体用法如下形容词/副词、可数名词复数〈〉+从句many/few+so+that(少)+不可数名词much/little、形容词+可数名词单数,形容词+可数名词单数)a/an+p/an+(形容词+可数名词复数从句such+,that形容词+不可数名词)I踢足球是如此有趣,以至于它Playing footballis sofun thatit attractsmillions ofpeople.吸引了数百万人这个男The boyasked meso manystrange questionsthat theyreally confusedme alot.孩问了我很多奇怪的问题,真把我弄糊涂了He issuch agood teacherthatweall respecthim.他是一位如此好的老师,我们都尊敬他不定式
一、不定式作主语情景导学对敌人仁慈就是对我们自己残忍To show mercy toenemies iscruel toourselves.It ispleasant tobreathe thefresh airin themorning.在早晨呼吸新鲜空气是令人愉快的他在等候着,真是体贴It wasvery considerateof him to wait.对他来说学好英语很重要It isimportant forhimtolearn Englishwell,用法归纳单个不定式作主语时,谓语用
①单数形式1不定式作主语时,为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,往往用
②作形式主语,2it把不定式放在后面句型中,当形容词是形容人的品质、性格等时,用当形3i£ltis+adj.+of/forsb.to do sth,f,容词是形容事物的特征时,用
③for
二、不定式作表语情景导学他从His dreamsince childhoodhas beento bee a greatbasketball playerlike YaoMing.小就梦想成为像姚明一样优秀的篮球运动员My ambitionis tobe ina leagueof myown inthis field.我的目标是在这个领域独领风骚用法归纳⑴不定式可放在系动词后作表语,通常说明主语的具体内容、目的等表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来的含义常用不定式作表语的主语有2:dream,ambition,hope,aim,goal,purpose,hope,wish,等advice,suggestion,promise,idea
三、不定式作宾语情景导学他们都想出席这次记者招待会They alldesire to attend thispress conference,I haventdecided whetherto visitmy grandparentsin thecountry orgo onan outingthis我还没有决定这个周末是去看望乡下的祖父母还是去郊游weekend,I find it necessaryto keep my directoryat hand.我发现把号码簿放在手边很有必要用法归纳⑴有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语,用动词不定式作宾语的动词有三个希望俩答应hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择pretend,choose打算提出俩计划intend,offer,plan,mean申请失败负担得起:apply,fail,afford准备愿望又碰巧prepare,desire,happen⑵不定式有时可与及连用构成一个短语,what,which,who,when,where,how whether这个短语相当于一个名词,可在句中作宾语但后面不能接带的不定式why to⑶较长的不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用
④作形式宾语it
四、不定式作宾语补足语情景导学虽然技Though technologyis usedto helpus,we shouldnot allowit totake overour lives.术被用来帮助我们,但我们不应该让它掌控我们的生活We shouldntconsider ouropponents tobe theweak.我们不应该认为我们的对手是弱者人们看见消防员撤离了这个地区用法People sawfirefighters withdraw from theregion.归纳有些动词,如、、、、、、、、1ask causehelp forceallow considerpermit adviseorder getss、、等常用不定式作宾语补足语want wishtell在“五看、、、三使、、两听、2see watchobserve noticelook atmake lethave hear listens一感即“吾看三室两厅一感觉”后面的宾语补足语中,不定式不带
⑤,但to feel”to变为被动语态后,必须还原t特别提醒五看、两听、一感接省略的不see watchobserve noticelook athearlistento feeltox xs定式作宾语补足语时,表示“看到/听到/感觉到动作的全过程;这些词也可以接现在分词作宾语补足语,这时表示“看到/听到/感觉到动作正在发生”⑶后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式可带也可不带即help toto,help sb.to dosth.o特别提醒不定式作宾语补足语的结构变为被动语态时,宾语补足语就转换成了主语补足语
五、不定式作定语情景导学这艘船有机会起航去青岛The shiphad thechance toset sail for Qingdao,He isalways thefirst toarrive at the schooland thelast toleave theschool.他总是第一个到学校,最后一个离开学校她说她没有去那里的打算She saidshe hadno plansto gothere.The Brownshave afortable houseto live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住用法归纳⑴不定式在句中作定语修饰名词或代词时,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后一般当中心词为序数词、最高级、等或中心词被这类词修饰时,多用2the laststhe only不定式作定语⑶有些名词后常跟不定式作定语,常见的有、、、、promise plan,chance decisionability等不定式与其修饰的名词之间的关系通常有四种主谓关系、动宾关系、同warning位关系和动状关系特别提醒当不定式与被修饰词之间是被动关系,且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式常用主动形式表被动意义如果这个不定式是不及物动词,其后应有与之搭配的
⑥介词
六、不定式作状语情景导学She readsChina Dailyevery dayto improveher English.为了提高英语水平,她每天都读《中国日报》I walkedall theway fromhome to the library,only tofinditclosed.我从家一路走到图书馆,却发现图书馆关门了很高兴见到你Im gladto seeyou,He wasnot braveenough toreport theloss of the documents.他没有足够的勇气去报告文件的丢失用法归纳⑴不定式作状语表示目的、原因和结果等,表示原因、结果时一般不置于句首⑵不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时,常在不定式前面加上
⑦0nly特别提醒现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示一种意料之中的结果一个月没下雨了,使得庄稼It hasntrained fora month,making thecrops hardto grow.很难生长⑶形容词/副词不定式”结构中,不定式也表示结果+enough+高频词汇精讲起航;开航
1.set sailUnderthe mandof ZhengHe,they set sail fromthe SouthChina Seaacross theIndianOcean to the mouthof theRed Sea,and thento theeast coastof Africa.(教材)在郑和的指挥下,船队从中国南海出发,穿过印度洋,直抵红海口,然后到P26达非洲东海岸情景导学无论明天天气如何,Whatever theweather islike tomorrow,our shipwill set sailforMacao.我们的船都将起航前往澳门Nobody knowshow peoplefirst came to theseislands.They mighthave setsail fromSouthAmerica onrafts.没有人知道人们最初是怎么来到这些岛屿的他们可能乘木筏从南美洲起航用法归纳
①起航前往……setsailfor...
②()从……起航倒……)setsailfrom...to...词汇拓展
①起航;(船)航行;(人)乘船航行sail v.
②水手;海员;驾船人sailor n.The journeyaround the world tookthe oldsailor ninemonths,of whichthe sailingtime环球旅行花了这个老水手九个月的时间,其中航行时间为天was226days.226扩展;使伸长;延长;提供
2.extend vt.A tradingroute across the seawas alsoextended alongthe coastsof theIndian Ocean,()(教材)centred aroundCeylon nowSri Lanka.P26一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸,以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心情景导学Chinas NationalHighway318,extending over5,000kilometers fromShanghai toZhangmu,Tibet,is knownas theheavenly roadfor itsamazing views.中国的国道线,从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出多公里,因为它的令人赞叹的景3185,000色,被称为“天堂之路”(天津月)20213On behalfof ourschool,I amwriting thisletter tosincerely extendmy invitationto theexchange students fromall overthe world.我写这封信是为了代表我校向来自世界各地的交换生发出诚挚的邀请(写作一邀请信)用法归纳
①从……延伸到……extend from...to...
②向某人提供某物,给予某人某物extend sth.to sb.
③扩建公路extend aroad
④延长最后期限extend thedeadline词汇拓展()延伸;延展l extensionn.;Live merceis changingthe habitsof globalconsumers additionally,it hasbeea naturalextension ofonline shopping.直播带货正在改变全球消费者的习惯;此外,它已成为网络购物的自然延伸(写作—新型消费)
②广阔的;广大的;大量的;广泛的extensive adj.First ofall,as smartonline learners,we canmake fulluse of the mostextensive educationalresources tobroaden ourhorizons.首先,作为聪明的在线学习者,我们可以充分利用最广泛的教育资源来开阔我们的眼界(写作—在线学习)商定;达成什办议)谈判;磋商;协商
3.negotiate vt.vi.(教材Here,merchants fromChina andmany otherplaces metto negotiatetrade deals...)在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚集在一起洽谈贸易协议……情景导学P26The governmentdeclared that they wouldnot negotiate with terroristsfor thesafety政府宣布他们不会与恐怖分子谈判安全问题problems.用法归纳
①与某人协商/谈判某事negotiatewithsb.for/about sth,
②达成交易/确立合同negotiate adeal/contract词汇拓展
①协商;谈判negotiation n.正在洽谈♦be undernegotiation合约的细节仍在协商中The detailsof thecontract are still undernegotiation,可以商量;愿意商谈♦be opento negotiation和谈/贸易洽谈♦peace/trade negotiations
②可协商的negotiable adj,
③谈判者negotiator n.一个好的谈判者A goodnegotiator shouldunderstand thebasics ofsupply anddemand.应该了解供给和需求的基本原理()(使才敢回;撤离
4.withdraw vi.vt.withdrew,withdrawnAlthough Chinawithdrew fromfurther expeditionsafter1433,these landand searoutes(教材)尽管年remained activechannels betweenother culturesfor centuries.P261433后中国停止了进一步的探险,但在随后的几个世纪,这些陆路和海路仍是其他文化之间的活跃通道情景导学The panyhas decidedto withdrawfrom someof itssports sponsorshipbecause oflack of由于缺乏资金,该公司已决定退出部分体育赞助money,他们结账They withdrew100dollars froma bankaccount afterchecking outofthehotel.离开旅馆后从银行账户中取出了美元100The crashhad brokenmy confidenceand Iwithdrew intomyself.那次撞车推毁了我的信心,我离群索居了用法归纳
①从……退出;从……撤回withdrawfrom...
②从……取出某物;从……撤回某物withdraw sth.from...
③离群索居;变得冷漠词汇拓展withdraw intooneself撤回;撤走♦withdrawal n.……的撤回/收回♦the withdrawal of...If youexperience anyunusual symptomsafter thewithdrawalofthe treatment,please如果在治疗停止后感到有任何异常症状,请和您的医生联系contact yourdoctor.某人退出……♦ones withdrawalfrom...纽带;关系增强信任关系;使牢固结合
5.bond n.vt.vi.The aimof this initiative isto encouragecooperation andtrade acrossthe historicSilk Roadareas,and strengthenthe bondsbetween Chinaand therest oftheworld.(教材)这项倡议旨在鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易,同时加强中国与P27世界其他地区之间的联系情景导学The bookappeals toreaders ofall agesand establishesa literarybond betweenparentsand children.这本书吸引所有年龄段的读者,并在父母和孩子之间建立起文学纽带The beautyof rereadinglies in the ideathat ourbond withthe workis basedon ourpresentmental register.重读的美妙之处在于,我们与作品之间的联系是基于我们目前的心理状态这一观念(全国)2020IShe soonstarted tobond withme andwe startedtaking herto funplaces likethe beach.她很快就开始和我建立了信任关系,我们开始带她去有趣的地方,比如海滩用法归纳
①……和……之间的联系/纽带a/the bondbetween...and...
②某人和……之间的关系/联系ones bond with...
③()增强(与某人的)信任关系;建立(与某人的)互信关系bondwithsb.在手头;可供使用
6.in handHundredsof yearson,and withthe latesttechnology in hand,the need to tradeand thedesireto enhancerelationships willdrive Chinato reachout acrossthe seafar into the(教材)future.P27数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,贸易的必要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋,迈向未来易混辨析手头的,须即时办理的;可随时供使用;在进行中;在处理中;在控制中in hand近在手旁,在附近;可随时使用;即将来临,即将发生at handWeshould finishthe workwe haveinhandbefore webegin somethingnew.我们在开始新工作之前,应该完成我们手头正在进行的工作手术现在正在进行The operationisinhand now,The matterseems tobe subtle,and itis hardto haveit inhand.这件事似乎很微妙,现在很难掌控He askedmetokeepmycellphone athand,and thenit wouldbe easierfor meto knowthe他让我把我的放在手边,这样我就更容易知道时间了time.The internationalexchangestudentsliveinvarious hostfamilies athand.这些国际交换生住在附近不同的寄宿家庭里他相信这个伟大的日子就要到来He believesthat thegreat dayis athand,混合;结合体;混合物
7.mixture n.(教材)跨越Reaching outacrossthesea isoften a mixture ofdanger andboredom.P28海洋往往既危险又枯燥情景导学那种That kindof icecreamtasting likea mixtureof bananas and strawberriesis delicious.尝起来像香蕉和草莓的混合物的冰激凌很好吃用法归纳一^^……的混合体amixtureof...词汇拓展
①(使)混合配制;调制交往;相处mix vt.vi.vt.vi.弄错;弄乱♦mix up把和混合/融合♦mix Aand/with BA BDashan,who has been learningtraditional Chinesecrosstalk fordecades,wants tomix itwithWestern standup.几十年来,大山一直在学习中国传统相声,他想把它与西方的独角喜剧结合起来
(二)把错当成♦mix Aup with B mixup AwithBA B人们常把她和她的People oftenmix herup withher twinsister-they lookvery muchalike.双胞胎妹妹弄混——她们看起来太像了
②(感情等)矛盾复杂的;混合的;混杂的mixed adj.新闻报道;覆盖范围
8.coverage n.(教材When thejourney ended,Zacs adventurereceived widespreadmedia coverage.)旅程结束后,扎克的冒险经历受到了媒体的广泛报道P28情景导学Now aspecial TVnetwork giveslive coverageof mostraces.现在一个专门的电视网对大多数比赛进行现场直播用法归纳媒体报道/现场直播media/live coverage词汇拓展
①覆盖;掩饰;涉及;行走(一段路程);占地;掩护;够付;报道;涵盖封cover n.面,封皮电动自行车The ebikeenables usersto coverlonger distancesand savetime.使用户可以行驶更长的距离,而且节省时间用……覆盖住……♦cover...with...They oftencover onlytheir eyeswith theirhands,leaving therest oftheir bodiesexosed.他们经常只用手遮住眼睛,身体的其他部分暴露在外(全国乙)2022盖住,遮住;掩盖♦cover upHetried hisbest tocover upthe truth,but hisexpression gavehim away.他竭力掩盖真相,但他的表情出卖了他
②有顶的;盖满cove redadj.鼓掌称赞;赞赏
9.applaud vt.vi.vt.The crowdstood toapplaud scientistsfor theirimportant oceanresearch work.(教材)群众起立为科学家们所做的重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌P29情景导学The studentsall applaudthe headmasterfor hiswise decision.学生们都赞许校长明智的决定The musicianis popularwith youngpeople,and theyapplaud herevery timeshe stepson这位音乐家很受年轻人的欢迎,她每次上台,他们都会为她鼓掌用法归纳the stage.
①因某事称赞某人applaud sb.for sth,
②为某人/某事鼓掌applaud sb./sth.词汇拓展鼓掌♦applause n.我看着学I lookedatthesmiling facesin theschool hall.The loudapplause filledmy ears.校礼堂里的笑脸响亮的掌声充满了我的耳朵爆发出雷鸣般的/响亮的掌声♦break into thunderous/loud applauseTheaudience breaksintothunderousapplause wheneverthe dancergives a这位舞蹈家每次表演观众都爆发出雷鸣般的掌声performance.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
10.mercy n.Although thiswas bannedin1982,some countriesarestillmurdering theseintelligent(教材)creatures without mercy.P32虽然年这就已经被禁止了,但一些国家依然残忍地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物情1982景导学那So cruelis the man thathe nevershows anymercy towhoever isagainst hisopinion.个男人是如此残忍,无论谁反对他的意见,他都绝不会手下留情We weretold thepicnic wouldbe atthe mercy oftheweather.我们被告知野餐将受制于天气The beggarhas nomoney withwhich tobuy food.Fortunately,passersby have mercy on那个乞丐没有钱买食物幸运的是,路人对他很仁慈him.Whoever breaksthe lawwillbepunished withoutmercy.任何违反法律的人都将受到毫不留情的惩罚用法归纳
①请求宽恕ask for mercy
②对……怜悯showmercyto...
③对……怜悯havemercyoa...
④受制于……;任由……摆布atthemercyof...
⑤残忍地;毫不留情地withoutmercy词汇拓展
①宽大的;仁慈的merciful adj,对某人仁慈♦be mercifulto/towards sb,The captainasked hissoldiers tobe mercifultothevillagers.上尉要求士兵们对村民们仁慈一些
②无情的;残忍的;毫无仁慈之心的merciless adj.She showedno careforme.She isso mercilesspared toa stranger!她对我毫不关心她比一个陌生人还残忍!个人财产;拥有;控制
11.possession n.[usually pl.](教材)The seais hometo life,not humanbeings possessions.P32海洋是生物的家园,不是人类的财产情景导学Im sorryto informyou thatyou cantlegally take possession ofthe propertyuntil thecontractis signed.我很遗憾地通知你,在合同签署之前,你不能合法地拥有这处房产He isin possession of thatbeautiful gardenwhile theshop isinthe possession ofhisbrother.他拥有那座美丽的花园,而那家商店归他哥哥所有用法归纳
①拥有……takepossessionof...
②某人拥有某物sb.be inpossessionof sth.
③某物为某人所有;某物属于某人sth.be inthepossessionof sb.()=sth.be inones possession词汇拓展拥有;具有;支配♦possess vt.具有某种品质(或特征等)♦be possessed ofsth.Our Englishteacher ispossessedofthe mostbrilliant talentsand everyonein class我们的英语老师才华横溢,班上的每个人都尊重他respects him.把……载入正式记录;记录正式记录;日志;原木
12.log vt.n.(教材)记Logging newspecies willimprove ourunderstanding oflife onthe earth.P32录新物种将增进我们对地球上的生命的了解情景导学如需了解更多To findout moreinformation,you canlog on/in tothe websiteof ourpany.信息,请登录本公司的网站If aputer userfails tolog off/out,the systemis accessibleto all.如果计算机用户没有退出系统,那么谁都可以进入该系统用法归纳
①()登录,注册,进入(计算机系统)log on/in to...
②退出(计算机系统)og off/out逮捕;拘留;中止逮捕;拘留;阻止
13.arrest n.vt.A$5million rewardhasbeenannounced forinformation leadingtothearrest ofthose(教材)responsible forthe murder.P34(警方)已宣布悬赏万美元,寻找能将凶手缉拿归案的线索500情景导学To oursurprise,themanwas arrestedfor drunkdriving.令我们吃惊的是,这个男人因酒驾被拘留You areunder arrest,but you have theright toremain silent.你被逮捕了,但你有权保持沉默用法归纳
①因……而逮捕某人(被动语态为)arrest sb.for...sb.be arrestedfor...
②被逮捕under arrest结构状语从句中的省略LOver thecenturies,further tradingallowed moreexploration ofthe regionstothewest ofChina,as recordedin DuHuans Recordof MyTravels inthe eighthcentury.(教材)几个世纪以来,进一步的贸易使中国西部地区得到了更多的探索,正如八世P26纪杜环在《经行记》中所记录的那样情景导学I wasconsidering thiswhile workingasanurse justa fewweeks ago.就在几周前,当我还是一名护士的时候,我就在考虑这个问题(此处的完整形式是)(全国乙)while workingwhile Iwas working2021I wonderwhy youdidnt doit as told to.Its thethird timeyouhavedone so.我想知道为什么你不按被告诉的那样做这是你第三次这样做了(此处的完整形式为)astold to asyou weretoldto用法归纳当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为)且从句的谓语中包含动it,be词的某种形式时,可以省去从句的主语和动词,保留动词之后的部分,被保留部be be分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等结构拓展常见的存在省略的状语从句
①引导的时间状语从句;when,while,until
②引导的条件状语从句;if,unless
③引导的让步状语从句;though,although,even if/though
④弓导的方式状语从句;as though,as if,as I
⑤引导的比较状语从句thanThough lackingmoney,his parentsmanaged tosend himtoauniversity.尽管缺钱,他的父母还是设法把他送进了大学If necessary,I willreach youwithin anhour.如果有必要,我会在一小时内联系你(此处的完整形式是)If necessaryIf itis necessary结构()有……的需要去做某事
2.There isan...needtodosth,From ascientific pointof view,there isan urgentneedtostudy theArctic inorder to(教材)understand climatechange andits effects.P27从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极以了解气候变化及其影响结构拓展
①()(某人)没有必要做某事There isno needfor sb.todosth.。
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