人教版高中英语必修2-现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解教师版

【高一同步教程】高中英语必修现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解2【学习目标】现在完成时被动语态的结构

1.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

2..使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题3【课前预习】什么是语态？

1.语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式英语动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）对现在完成时被动语态的理解

2.现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“动词过去分词”试比较以have+been+下几组句子的谓语结构）主动句.他修理这台机器已有两小时了1He hasrepaired themachine fortwo hours被动句这台机器已修了两小时了The machinehas been repaired fortwo hours.）主动句老师把那些书借走了2The teacherhas borrowedthe books.被动句那些书被老师借走了The bookshave beenborrowed by the teacher.【教学过程】

一、现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的肯定式

1.由+及物动词的过去分词”构成例如“have/has+been两个窗子被打破了Two windowshave beenbroken.现在完成时被动语态的否定式

2.由+及物动词的过去分词”构成例如“have/has+not+been这辆汽车还没有修好The carhas notbeenrepaired.现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式

3.由+主语+及物动词的过去分词”构成例如“Have/Has been+

①一她的工作完成了吗？Has herwork beenfinished是的，完成了—Yes,it has.

②一这些汽车修好了吗？Have thecars beenrepaired不，还没有—No,they haven*t.现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式

4.由“疑问词主语+及物动词的过去分词”构成例如+have/has+been+她的工作完成有多久了？How longhas herwork beenfinished谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？Who has been helpedbythenew computer这些学生已经学会了多少单词？How manynew wordshave beenlearned bythe students

二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果例如

1.The doorhas been门被锁上了（结果是现在没有人能进去）locked.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与或引导的时间状语连

2.for since用，或用于句型中例如Howlopg.The oldman has been lookedafter fortwenty years.这位老人已受照顾年了可能还会被照顾下去20They have been told about itfor many times有人告诉他们这事很多次了可能还会有人告诉他们这机器使用有多久了？How longhas themachine beenused

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即和两者缺一不可

1.have/has been,只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

2.We have built manyhouses in the pastten years.Many houseshave beenbuilt in the pastten yearsby us.带有双宾语的动词，如等，

3.give,send,bring,take,teach,show,,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动We havegiven himthe book.He has been giventhe book.The book has been given tohim.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语原来省略的不定式作

4.t宾补时，被动语态中要用带的不定式toI havetold themto helpyou.They have been toldto helpyou.I havemade herwork hard.She has been madeto workhard byme.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词例如

5.这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾The orphanhas beenwell lookedafter.They havereferred to the books.The bookshave beenreferred toby them.He hasthought ofa wayof doingit.A wayof doingit has been thoughtof byhim.由等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时

6.finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open间的状语如等连用，而要改换动词或时态例如for fourdays,how long译这本书买了多久了？误How longhas this book been bought正How longago wasthis bookbought但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与或引导的时间段连用例如since for自上周以来，没有人来买过书No bookshave beenbought sincelast week.注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别

7.一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果例如这房子是去年建造的The housewas builtlast year.这房子已经建好了The househas beenbuilt.

四、经典习题.」匕京春

7.1cant seeany coffeein thiscupboard.20052A.Has itall beenfinished B.Was itall finishedC.Has itall finishedD.Did itall finish

2.Millions ofpounds worthof damage（重庆）night.2005A.has beencaused B.had beencaused C.will becaused D.will have been causedbya stormwhich sweptacross thenorth ofEngland last（江苏）

3.More patientsin hospital this year than last year.2004A.treated B.have treatedC.had beentreated D.have beentreated一

4.The windowis dirty.一（全国卷）I know.It forweeks.2004III----------------A.hasnt cleanedB.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleanedD.hasnt beencleaned【答案与解析】第题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了（对现在造成影响和结果），所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了1吗？”,故选A第题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在2造成的影响，故选A第题中的与之间是被动关系，排除、根据时间状语可知用现在完成时的被动语态，3patients treatA Bthis year故选Do第题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了，故选4D【课后练习】

一、把下列句子变成被动语态

1.Mary haslocked thedoor.

2.She hastold meabout the story.

1.1have readthisbookmanytimes.

4.We havecompleted all the preparations for the task,and were ready to start.■

5.This companyhas producednew typesof computers

6.They haveinterviewed severalteachers for the job.

7.George hassent sometexts and pictures tohis friendscell phone.

8.They havedeveloped someprograms forthe human resource department of their company

9.Someone hasput thebook underthe benchfor more than twodays.

10.The typhoonhas damagedthe bridgesbecause ofits strongwind.

二、改错

1.A personalcomputer hasbought by us.

2.Many problemshas beenfound withour newcomputer.

3.The computerwas used every day since we bought it.

4.It*s saidthat thisbook hastranslated into Chinese.

5.The newtheater has been designingrecently.

三、单选选择

1.—Flight302to Londonuntil7:30tomorrow morning.---No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers.A.has beendelayed B.delay C.delayed D.will bedelayed■

2.Great changesin thecity,and alot offactories.A.have beentaken place;have beenset upB.have taken place;have beenset upC.have takenplace;have set up D.were takenplace;were set up

3.Every yeara floodof farmersarrive inShenzhen forthe money-making jobsthey before----------------leaving theirhometowns.A.promised B.were promisedC.have promisedD.have beenpromised一

4.David andVicky married一For about three years.A.How longwere;being B.How longhave;gotC.How longhave;been D.How longdid;get

5.Tom wassaid toMary forforty years.A.have beenmarried toB.have marriedwithC.has beenmarried D.had marriedwith

6..Paper moneyfor over a thousand years.A.used B.has beenused C.has usedD.is using一Im sorry,but italready.___________A.has takenB.took C.was takenD.has beentaken to

8.—the letterMr..Black一

7.We wantto sitat thetable nearthe window.一No.It*s stillon thedesk.■A.Has;given B.Will;be givenC.Was;given D.Has;been given

9.Great changesin myhome townand alot offactories._A.have beentakenplace;are beingset upB.have takenplace;have beenset up■C.aretaken place;had beensetupD.had takenplace;will besetup

10.So far,moon byman already.A.is visitedB.will bevisited C.has beenvisited D.was visited

11.With thehelp ofhigh technology,more new substances inthe pastyears.A.discovered B.have discoveredC.had beendiscovered D.have beendiscovered

12.1got caughtintherain andmy suit.A.has ruinedB.had ruinedC.has beenruined D.had beenruined一

13.Why doesthe lakesmell terrible-Because largequantities ofwater.----------------A.have pollutedB.is beingpollutedC.has beenpolluted D.have beenpolluted

14.When andwhere togo forthe on-salary holidayyet.A.are notdecided B.have notbeen decidedC.is notbeing decidedD.has notbeen decided

15.In recent years manyfootball clubsas businessto makea profitA.have runB.have beenrun C.had beenrun D.will run

16.No permissionhas foranybody toenter thebuilding.A.beengivenB.gave C.given D.be give

17.By2003,28Chinese culturerelics onWorld HeritageList byUNESCO.A.be placedB.placed C.have beenplaced D.have placed

18.A lotof moneyto protectthe oldtemple.A.have beenspent B.has spentC.have spentD.has beenspent

19.The GreatWall manytimes inhistory.A.is rebuilt B.has been rebuilt C.beenrebuilt D.rebuilt

20.The Stonehengeexisted for morethan3,000years.A.is B.be C.has beenD.have been

21.—How manytimes notto playwith fire—Im sorry.Til neverdo thatagain.A.do youtell B.had youtold C.are youtold D.have youbeen told

22.The firetothefifth floorallthepeopleA.has got;Have;been savedB.has beengot;Have;savedC.has got;Do;save D.has got;Have;saved

23.Old paintingsaccording tothe descriptions.A.are carefullyrecreated B.have been carefully recreatedC.haveberecreated D.beencarefullyrecreated

24.More visitorsto Beijingsince therepair project.A.have brought;was completedB.have beenbrought;was completedC.have beenbrought;completed D.have brought;completed

25.It istrue thatmany ofthe worldsgreatest citieson thebanks ofa river.A.have beenbuiltB.havebuiltC.are beingbuiltD.were built

26.Do youknow thethief bythe policeA.has caughtB.has beencatching C.was caughtD.hasbeencaught

27.It thatLeshan Buddhais thebiggest amongthe Buddhasthat.A.was reported;have beenfound B.is reported;have foundC.is reported;have beenfound D.was reported;had beenfound

28.—Will youattend themeeting thisafternoon—But Ianything aboutthat.A.hadnt toldB.havent beentold C.wasn*t toldD.wont tell

29.More patientsinthehospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treated B.have treatedC.had beentreated D.have beentreated

30.How manytreesthis yearA.are plantedB.will plantC.have beenplanted D.planted【答案解析】

一、将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式

1.The doorhasbeenlocked.

1.1have beentoldaboutthestory.

3.This bookhasbeenread manytimes.

4.All thepreparationsforthetaskhave beencompleted,and we*rereadytostart.

5.New typesof computershasbeenproduced.

6.Several teachershave beeninterviewed forthe job.

7.Some textsandpictureshave beensent toGeorge*s friendscell phone.■

8.Some programsforthehumanresourcedepartmentoftheircompanyhave beendeveloped.

9.The bookhasbeenput underthe benchformorethan twodays.

10.The bridgeshavebeendamaged bythe typhoonbecause ofits strongwind.■

二、改错

1.A personalcomputer hasbeenboughtbyus.

2.Many problemshavebeenfound withour newcomputer.■

5.The computerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.

4.Its saidthat thisbookhasbeen translatedintoChinese.

55.The newtheater hasbeen designedrecently.

三、单项选择答案解析确定首句时态的关键信息在于——

1.A NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthe.既然听到了乘客的抱怨，说明航班已经被推迟也就是说，推迟这一动作发生在过去且已对现在产生影响，passengers所以用现在完成时.答案2B答案解析根据上文所用时态，下文应该用现在范畴的时态，排除、两个答案，再考虑语态，选项

3.D AB D答案解析根据该对话中的时间状语该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除、

4.C foraboutthreeyears A两项强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，故排除项表示已婚的状态，可以延续故本题D getmarried Bbe married答案为项C答案

5.A答案解析该题的时间状语该问题已持续很长时间，用现在完成时是被使用

6.B foroverathousandyears.,Money的因此用被动语态，所以其他选项不完整答案解析该对话的意思是我要坐那个靠窗户的位置，一对不起，那个位置已经有人了”说的是那个位置已

7.D经被别人事先预定了，位置预定需要用被动，而预定这个动作已经完成，故用D.答案解析根据对话答语的副词说明该动作还没有完成，所以问句问的是动作看是否已经完成？

8.D stillon thedesk和之间又是被动关系,故选letter givenD答案解析这句话的意思是说目前家乡已经发生了很大的变化，建起了很多工厂这些动作都已经完成故用完

9.B成时态，变化和工厂做主语需要用被动语态，而无被动形式，所以选take placeB答案解析是和现在完成时连用的时间状语，方位月球，月球做主语要用被动语态，■所以选

10.C sofar C答案解析是和想在完成时态连用的时间状语，做主语是被发现的,因此

11.D inthe pastyears morenewsubstances用现在完成时态的被动语态故选D.答案解析这句话的意思是我被困在大雨里，衣服被毁坏了强调的是动作发生在过去对现在造成的影响，

12.C用完成时态衣服是被雨水毁坏的，耍用被动雨天，一次选C答案解析这句话的大意是湖水的味道难闻是由于大量的水污染造成的水是被污染的，而这一结果到目前

13.D已经完成，故选D.答案解析是和现在完成时连用的副词，二时间和地点的决定是人为的，因此要用被动语态，所以选14D yetD.答案解析是和想在完成时连用的时间状语，而足球俱乐部是由人来经营管理的要用被动语态，15B inrecentyears所以选B

16.A

17.C

18.D

19.B

20.C

21.D

22.A

23.B

24.B

25.A

26.D

27.C

28.B

29.D

30.C。