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动词分类和辨析(小初考点差异及衔接)实义动词open,I earn,stop,read系动词be,become,turn,get小学要求助动词do,have,sha I I,wi I I情态动词can,may,must,need,should
1、实义动词;
2、系动词;初中要求
3、助动词的用法;
4、容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析【小学动词分类和辨析考点聚焦】
1.实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词,有人称和时态的变化,能在句中独立做谓语如I I ike Engl ish.我喜欢英语The child is playingthe piano.这个小孩正在弹钢琴
2.系动词系动词也叫连系动词,不能单独作谓语,必须和表语(常用名词、形容词等)一起使用构成系表结构系动词可以分为下面三类
(1)be动词be动词是最基本的系动词它包括am,is,are及这三个词的相应变化形式如I ama teacher,我是一名老师She wasthi rteenIast year.她去年13岁Be动词用法口诀I用am,you用are,is用于He,She,It.单数和不可数用is,复数形式全用are.
(2)表感觉的系动词Iook(看上去),sound(听起来),feel(摸起来;感觉),taste(尝起来),smel I(闻起来)等等如The caketastes good.这蛋糕很好吃Flowers smeI I sweet.花闻起来很香°
(3)其他系动词还有一些表示具有某种状态或这种状态正在持续或变化的词,这些词也属于系动词这类动词常见的有seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(仍然),get(变得),go(变),become(变成),turn(转变)等如:1reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语如:After thetra i n hadI eft,they reachedthe stat i on.//We reachedthe topofthe mountai nat Iast.2get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中如When thestudents gotto thec i nema,the f i Imhad begun.//My s i sterwascook i ng whenmother gothome.3arr ive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arriveat,到达一个大地方时用arrive in后面接表示地点的副词时,不用at/in如The soldiers arr i ved ata smaIoIv i I Iage//The forei gnerswi I I arrivei nShangha i tomorrow.
8、accept和receive的用法辨析1receive通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,接不接受是另一回事,receive多是接受实际的东西,如信件,礼物等如On mytwent ieth bi rthdayI recei vedseveraI gifts,我二十岁生日那天我收到好几份礼物2accept则指主动地“接受\accept多是接受抽象的东西,如想法,表扬,批评,道歉等如She offeredhim aI ift and heaccepted it.她请他坐她的车,他就领情了She recei vedh i s present,but she d i dn5t accepti t,她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受3表示接见、接待时,要用receive而不用accept如She waswarmly received.o她受到热情接待
9、join,join in,take part in和attend的用法辨析1join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动如He joinedthe armyin
2010.他在2010年参军//She joineda healthcIub.她参加了一个健身俱乐部2join in指参加某项游戏或活动如Can Ijoin i n thegame我可以参加这个游戏吗?〃They aI Ijo i n i n singingthesong.他们一起唱这首歌3take parti n多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等如How manycountr ies w i I I takepartin theWor I d Cup有多少个国家要参加世界杯?4attend是正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、典礼;听报告、讲座等如He5I Iattend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要会议
10、die,dead,death和dying的用法辨析1die是动词,意为“死,去世为短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,表延续性用be deado如She hasbeen deadfor3years.她去世三年了〃She diedthree years ago.她三年前去世2dead是形容词,意为“死的”,表示状态如The poorman i s dead.这个可怜的人死了3death是名词,意为“死亡如Her death i sremembered byus forever.他的过世永远铭刻在我们的心中4dying为die的现在分词,也可作形容词,表“垂死的,濒于死亡边缘的,枯萎的”之意如She i s dying.她快要死了11%lose,fail,beat,win和defeat的用法辨析1lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose tosb.如oUn Iucki Iy welost thematch toClass Three.不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班2fai I意为“失败”或“未做成某事如Our planhas fai led.我们的计划失败了3beat意为“打败二后接sb.或某支队伍如CI assThree beatus5-
0.三班以5-0打败了我们〃I beather atswimming yesterday.昨天游泳我赢了她4win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、比赛、地位等如I amsure towin thematch.我一定能赢得比赛5defeat意为“击败,战胜,使失败,挫折”The enemywas defeated.敌人被打败了
12、look for,find和find out的用法辨析1look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作如He beganto lookfor a new jobimmed iate Iy afterhe wasf i red.他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作2find意为“找到”“发现”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人如-----Did youfind LiMing yesterday你昨天找到李明了吗?-----No,we lookedfor himeverywhere,but didn t findhim.没有我们到处找了,但没有找到他He founda fewcoins in thecar.他在汽车里捡到几枚硬币3find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情,其后的宾语常常是某个情况、事实如Please findout when the trainleaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站
13、I i sten to和hear的用法辨析1I i sten为不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,强调听的动作如Listen!There i s a girl singingouts i de.听,外面有个女孩在唱歌2hear强调听的结果如I heard your words.我听到你说的话了
14、lose,forget和leave的用法辨析1lose意为“丢失,失去”东西失去了,找不回来了如I lostmy watch.我的表丢失了我丢失了表2forget意为“忘记、大脑中不再存在此类信息后可跟名词、代词、不定式和动名词如I forgotyour name.我忘记了你的名字〃I forgettaking myDC withme.我忘了已经把我的DC带上了3u leavesth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处如I leftmy watch at home.我把表忘在家里了
15、think of,think about和th inkover的用法辨析1th i nk of意为想到/起.......”如I can5t th inkof hi sname.我想不起他的名字2think about意为“考虑宾语it或them置后如What doyou thinkabout it你认为这件事怎么样?3think over意为“仔细考虑宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题如We needsevera I days tothink thi smatter over.我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下
16、used to do sth.,be used to doingsth,和be used to do sth.的用法辨析1used to dosth.表示过去常常做某事I usedto getup atsix in the morning.2be usedto doing.表示习惯做某事,to后的动词用-ing形式I musedto gett ingupear Iy.3be usedtodosth.指被用来做什么Pens areusedtowr i te.腌经典例题
1.—Our parentsare theones wecould,arenDt they一Yes,whatever troubIewe have,they arealways behindus.A.Iook afterB.depend onC.taIk about D.pI aywith【答案】B【解析】句意:——我们的父母总是我们可以依靠的人,是不是——是的,无论我们有什么麻烦,他们总在我们身后支持我们
2.We needto forma habitof thewho Ietest paperf i rst as soon as we getit.A.Iook i ng forB.Iook i ng overC.Iook i ng upD.Iook i ng through【答案】D【解析】句意:我们要养成一拿到试卷就通览全卷的习惯本题考查动词短语辨析look throughsth.快速查看;浏览
3.Though hefailedmany times,he didn5tandfinal Iyhe becamea greats i nger.A.cl imbup B.dress upC.give upD.pick up【答案】C【解析】句意:虽然他失败了很多次,但他没有放弃,最终成为了一名很棒的歌手本题考查动词短语辨析由句意可判断他面对失败没有放弃因此选择c项
1.一You canbetween joiningthe danci ngc Iub andgo i ngto the chessc Iub.一I considergoing to the chesscIub,for I I i ke playingchess better.A.decide B.guess C.hide D.wait答案A本题考查动词辨析decide决定;guess猜测;hide躲藏;wait等待结合空后的“betweenjoining thedancing cIuband goingtothechess club”和答语可知,是在两者之间做决定,故选A
2.一How wasyour camp i ng in the countrys ideIast weekend—It wasgreat.We atent bythe Iakeand hadmuch fun.A.put upB.put offC.put onD.put in答案A本题考查动词短语辨析此处表示“在湖边搭帐篷put up搭建;put off推迟;put on穿上;put in插话,提出故选A
3.It ssure thateven thebest sports pIayers be a championwithout hardwork.A.mustn5t B.neednJ tC.can5tD.shou I dn t答案c本题考查情态动词辨析mustnt禁止;neednt不需要;car t不可能;shou I dnt不应该根据语境可知,不努力是不可能成为冠军的,用can t表示“不可能”,故选C
4.一Tommy,how doesthe sausagep izza一Emm,you mustput too much saltin it.A.look B.taste C.fee ID.sme I I答案B本题考查动词辨析look看起来;taste尝起来;fee I感觉起来;sme I I闻起来根据“put toomuch saltin it”可知,是品尝了之后才说的,故选B
5.M i ss Smithto Idus tothe formas soonas wef in i shed it.A.throw awayB.hand in C.f iI Iout D.po int at答案B考查动词短语辨析throw away扔掉;hand in上交;fill out填写;point at指向根据“assoonaswefinished it”可推知,应该是一完成就上交,故选B
6.We shouldn,t the Iosers.Instead,they needmore support.A.Iaugh atB.cheer upC.I earnfrom D.Iook after答案A本题考查动词短语辨析I aughat嘲笑;cheer up使振作起来;I earnfrom向学习;look after照顾根据Instead,they needmore support.可知,失败者不应该被嘲笑故选A
7.If youwant tocall a meeting oranything,a notice.A.cut offB.take awayC.put upD.point out答案C本题考查动词短语辨析cut off切断;take away拿走;put up张贴;point out指出根据“If youwant tocall ameeting oranythingJ,和notice”可知,如果想召集会议,可以张贴布告,故选C
8.We cant gettinganewIi ghtfor ourcI assroom.The onewe havedoesn5t work.A.put offB.ask forC.insist onD.pay for答案A本题考查动词短语辨析put off推迟,拖延;ask for请求,要求;insist on坚持;payfor支付根据uThe onewe havedoesn,t work.5,可知,换灯这件事情不容推迟故选Ao
9.一Tony,I fee I upset these days.—Do exerci se withme.It sa goodway toyour emotions.A.get offB.give upC.deaI withD.suffer from答案C本题考查动词短语辨析get off下车;give up放弃;dea Iwith处理;suffer from遭受根据前文I feelupsetthesedays可知,锻炼可以解决情绪问题故选C
10.I want to say“thanks to my parentswho driving me toand fromschoo Ievery day.A.put offB.i ns i ston C.worry aboutD.benef itfrom答案B本题考查动词短语辨析put off推迟;insist on坚持;worry about担心;benef itfrom受益于根据语境可推断是因为爸爸妈妈坚持接送,“我”表示感激故选B
11.Jack notfol Iowing hi steacher5s suggestions afterhed idnJ tpass thefinalexam.A.regretted B.apo Iogi zedC.pronounced D.d i scussed答案A本题考查动词词义辨析regret后悔;apo logize道歉;pronounce宣布;d iscuss讨论根据题干中didn tpass thefinal exam可知杰克后悔没有听从老师的建议,故选Ao
12.一Simon failed theexam again.—That5s notsurpr ising.Computer games toomuchof histime.A.take outB.take awayC.take offD.take up答案D本题考查动词短语辨析take out取出;take away带走;take off起飞,脱下;take up占据(时间,空间),从事根据语境可知西蒙考试不及格的原因是电脑游戏占用了他太多的时间,故选DShe oftenkeeps herroom cIean.她经常保持房间干净The weathergets warmer.天气变得更暖和了
3.情态动词情态动词指表示说话人的语气和态度的动词不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语情态动词没有人称和数的变化常见的情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,will,wouId,sha I I,should等等如I canp Iay thepiano.我会弹钢琴We shou I dstudy hard.我们应该努力学习
4.助动词助动词本身没有词义,它和实义动词一起构成爸种时态和语态,也可构成否定和疑问结构常用的助动词有do does,did,have has等如What doyou usuaIIy doat theweekend你通常在周末做什么?Did youhave a good time你玩得开心吗?【初中动词分类和辨析考点聚焦】^=4考点清单^=考点一实义动词实义动词即行为动词,表示动作,意思完全,能独立用作谓语实义动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词
1、及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词常见的及物动词有buy,catch,invent,found,I ike,offer,prevent,promise,rai se,f ind,forget,recei ve,regard,see,say,show,make,take,tel I等常见及物动词的句型结构有1“主语+谓语+宾语”,宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当如I f inished readingthe book.//The Greensenjoy livingin China.//We helpeachother.2“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”,如I passedhim the salt.=I passedthesaltto him.我把盐递给他My auntbought mea computer.=My auntbought acomputer forme.我阿姨买给我一台电脑在动词bring,give,hand,I end,pass,sell,send,show,take,return等动词后用to,表示“给”,强调动作的对象在动词buy,cook,choose,do,get,I eave,make,sing,find等后面用for,表示“为,替”,强调动作的目的3“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补二宾补的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态它可以由名词,形容词、副词、v-ing、动词不定式和介词短语等充当
①使役动词make,let,have等后接不带to的不定式作宾补如He mademe worktwe Ive hoursa day.他让我一天工作十二小时
②感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,not ice等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing作宾补前者(不带to的不定式)表示动作已结束,后者(动名词)表示动作正在进行试比较He sawagir Iget on the bus.他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)He sawagirI gettingon thebus.他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)
3、有些动词既可以用作及物动词又可以用作不及物动词,它的意义不变常见的有answer,begin,cIose,cons ider,hurt,improve,i nsist,I earn,I eave,prepare,pay,read,start,sing,write等如Sha IIIbegin atonce(begin用作不及物动词)//She beganworking as I ibrarianafter sheI eftschoo I.(beg in用作及物动词)Lucy I eft I ast week.(Ieft用作不及物动词)〃When didthey I eave Guilin(Ieave用作及物动词)
4、有些动词既可以用作及物动词又可以用作不及物动词,它的意义完全不同这类词作及物动词是一个意思,而作不及物动词时却是另一个意思常用的这类动词有beat vi,跳动vt,敲、打;grow vi.生长vt.种植;play vi.玩耍vt.打(牌、球)、演奏;smell vi.发出(气味)vt.嗅;r ingvi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话;speak vi.讲话vt.说(语言);hang vi.悬挂vt.绞死;operate vi.动手术vt.操作如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散二作及物动词时是“升高,举起二We sawthe mountainwhenthecIouds I ifted.(消散)//He I ifted his glassanddrank.(举起)考点二系动词系动词又称联系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况中考要求掌握的系动词有be,look,seem,sound,fee I,taste,sme II,grow,get,become,turn,fa II iII/as Ieep等的用法
2.系动词分类:1状态系动词be用来表示主语状态,后接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词、介词短语做表语如He isateacher.(名词)//He is happy.(形容词)//The storyis very i nteresti ng.(分词)2om5s dreamisto bea doctor.(不定式)//My fatherisout.(国Ji司)//The penis inthe penciI-box.(介词短语)3持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,I ie,stando如He aI wayskept siI ent atmeet ing.//This matterrests amystery.//The probIems remai nsunsoIved.
③表像系动词用来表示主语“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem(to be),appear(tobe),looko如He Iookstired,他看起来很累//He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心4感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,sme II,sound,taste等,后接名词、形容词、分词、不定式做表语如This kind of cI othfeeI svery soft.//This f I owersme IIsvery sweet.//It soundsa good idea.//The caketastes delicious.
⑤变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become,grow,get,come,turn(若跟名词不加冠词),fa II(asIeep,ill,siIent),go,run等如He becamemad afterthat.//She grewr ichwithin ashort time.//The babyfeI IasIeep.//The Ieaves turnedye IIow.6终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turn out,表达”证实、”变成”之意如The rumorproved faI se.这谣言证实有假//The searchproved difficult.搜查证实很难H isp I anturned outa success.他的计划终于成功了(turn out表终止性结果)除经典例题
①Mr.Wang seems似乎very angry.
②Th isk indofcloth feels摸起来verysoft.
③Now mydream hascome实现了true.
④You mustkeep保持hea Ithy.
⑤Her faceturned变得red.考点三助动词的用法
1、助动词的定义:协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词与被协助的主要动词构成时态,语态、疑问句、否定句和加强语气等助动词是语法功能词,本身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉语意思如He doesn t I ike Engl ish.他不喜欢英语doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义
2、助动词的作用:助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能,可以用来
①表示时态如He issinging.他在唱歌〃He hasgot married.他已结婚
②表示语态如He wassent toEngland.他被派往英国3构成疑问句如Do youIike co IIege Ii fe//D id youstudy Eng Ii shbefore youcame here4与否定副词not合用,构成否定句如I dont likehim,我不喜欢他5力口强语气如He didknow that.//Do cometotheparty tomorrowevening.
3、最常用的助动词be,have,do,shal I,will,should,wou Id的用法1助动词be am,is,are,was,were的用法1助动词be+现在分词,构成进行时态如They arehavi ngameeting.他们正在开会//Tom asked me what I wasdoi ngat eightlastnight.汤姆文我昨晚八点在干什么?2助动词be+过去分词,构成被动语态如The wi ndowwas brokenby Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的//EngIi shis taughtthroughoutthe world.世界各地都教英语
③助动词be+动词不定式,表示根据安排要发生的事情如He istogo toNew Yorknext week.他下周要去纽约〃We areto teachthe freshpersons.我们要教新生2助动词have has,had的用法
①have+过去分词,构成完成时态如He hasleft forLondon.他已去了伦敦By theend ofIastmonth,they hadfini shed haI fof theirwork.上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半
②have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时如I havebeen studying Engli shfor tenyears.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久
③have+been+过去分词,构成现在完成时的被动语态如English hasbeen taughtin Chinafor manyyears.中国教英语已经多年@have+动词不定式,表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情如It5s raininghard.I haveto stayat home.天正在下大雨,我不得不呆在家里3助动词do does,did的用法
①构成一般疑问句,如Do youwanttopass theCET你想通过大学英语测试吗?〃Did youstudy German你们学过德语吗?
②do does,did+not构成否定句,如I donot wantto becr iticized.我不想挨批评//He doesn5tI ike tostudy.他不想学习I nthe past,many studentsdidnot knowthe importanceof English,过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性3构成否定祈使句,如Don5t go there.不要去那里〃Dont beso absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉【注意】构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和doeso4放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,意为“一定要,确实,真的:如I didgo there.我确实去那儿了〃Do cometomybi rthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会〃I domiss you.我确实想你5用于倒装句,如Never didI hearof sucha thing.我从未听说过这样的事情On Iywhen webeg in ourcoIIege Iife dowe reaIi zethe importanceof English.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性【注意】引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,I ittIe,only,so,we II等
⑥用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复如I workharder thanhe does.我工作比他努力----Do youIike Bei jing你喜欢北京吗?--Yes,I do.是的,喜欢do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.4助动词sha I1/shou Id和wi11/wou Id的用法
①shaI I构成一般将来时,should构成过去将来时,用于第一人称,后接动词原形I sha IIstudy harderat English.我将更加努力地学习英语I teI ephonedhim yesterdayto askwhat IshouId donext week.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么
②wi II构成一般将来时,would构成过去将来时,用于第
二、三人称,后接动词原形如He willgo toShangha i.他要去上海〃He saidhe wouIdcome.他说他要来【注意】在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will只用于第
二、第三人称现在,尤其在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第
二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较He shaIIcome.他必须来shaII有命令的意味//He wi IIcome.他要来will只与动词原形构成一般将来时腌经典例题
①学生们正在上课The studentsare havinga class.
②许多国家都讲英语Englishis spokenin manycountr ies.
③自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京He has Iived inBeijing sineehe wasborn.
④孩子们,务必安静点!Do bequiet,chi Idren!
⑤今晚将有一场足球比赛There willbeafootball matchthis evening.
⑥杰克总是把房间保持得干净、整洁Jack aI wayskeeps hisroom cleanand tidy.
⑦我可以问你个问题吗May Iask youa question
⑧孩子们正在放风筝The chiIdren areflying kites,
⑨他一生致力于教孩子们英语He devotedhis lifetime to teachingthe chiIdren English.容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析1%say,speak,talk,tell的用法辨析1say表示讲话,及物动词,后跟宾语或宾语从句,强调说话的内容如He saidhe wouIdgothere.//It stimeto Ieave.We haveto saygoodbye toyou.2speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语如Do youspeak English//May Ispeak toMr Pope,p Iease3talk表示“谈话二是不及物动词,与to,about,with等连用,才可以接宾语如What areyou talkingabout//Mr Jacksonistalking withmy fatherinthe offi ce now.4tell表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语如She toIdus aninterestingstory yesterday.//My teachertoIdmethat wewouIdhave anEnglish examthe nextmonth.
2、look,see,watch和read的用法辨析1look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语如Look!The girlissw imm ingintheI ake.//Look atthe picturecarefu IIy.Can youfind somethingunusuaI2see指“看见”某物,强调的是结果如They cant seethe wordsontheb I ackboard.//Does Lilyoften go to seea fiImon Sunday3watch指的是“观看3“注视”之意如The twinsare watchingTV now.//He wiIIgo towatchavoI IeybaII match.4read指“看书,“看报,“阅读”之意如Don5t readinthe sun.//I Iike toread newspaperswhen Iam free.
3、borrow,lend和keep的用法辨析1borrow意思为“借入二常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作如Meimei borroweda bookfrom theI ibraryjust now.//May Iborrow yourdict ionary2lend是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作如line Ie WanghasIent hiscar toMr Li.//Cou IdyouI endus yourrad io,pIease3keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续如How longcan therecorder bekept//The farmerkept thepan fortwo weeks.
4、bring,take,carry,get和fetch的用法辨析1bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”指将某物或某人从别处“带来”如Br ingmethe book,pI ease.//May Ibring Jimto seeyou nextSaturday2take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意如It IooksIikerain.Take a raincoat withyou.//Mother tooktheIittIe girltothe nextroom.3carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向如Do youalways carrya handbag//The boxisheavy.Can youcarry it4get是去某处将某物拿回来如PI easegotomy officetoget some chaI k.//There is nowater inthebottI e.Why notgetsome5fetch指往返,去了又回来,到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来如She hasgone tofetch water.//Can youfetch thebook forme atonce
5、wear,put on和dress的用法辨析1wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋,戴帽子、戴手套佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态如Tom aI wayswears bIackshoes.//He wearsarai ncoateven whenitis fine.//She doesn5t liketo weara redfIower in herha ir.2put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等着重于穿戴的动作如It scold.You5d betterput onyour coat.//He puton his hatand wentout oftheroom.3dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服dress sb.给某人穿衣服,而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.穿着衣物如She alwaysdresses well.//Get upand dressquickIy.//Mary is dressingher chiId.
6、take,spend,pay和cost的用法辨析1take指做某事用多少时间句型是It takes/took/wiII take+sb.+some time+todosth.It tookme threedays tofinish thework.//It wiIItake youa weekto traveIthroughthe forest.2spend指某人在某事物上花费时间或钱句型是Sb spends+money/t ime+onsomething/in doingsth.She spentmore than500yuan onthat coat.//He didn5t spendmuch timeon hi sIessons.He spentmuch timeincorrect ing students5exerc ises.//Mother spenthereven ings in washingcIothes.3cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型sth.+cost+sb.+时间/金钱/力气如How muchdoes ahouse Iikethis cost//The bookcost me20yuan.4pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型sb.+pay+金钱+for+事物如I paidhim twentydoI Iarsfor thebook.7reach,get和arrive的用法辨析X。


