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广东省助理物流师专业英语与计算机基础第三部分物流专业英语物流专业词汇与释义
3.1基本概念术语
3.
1.1|知识要点|有关基本概念与术语详见教材第页3-5||典型习题|.物流（）1A.materialB.logisticsC.cargoD.goods物流作业（）
2.A.logistics operationB.logistics activityC.logistics technologyD.logistics cost物流管理（）
3.A.logistics centerB.logistics networkC.logistics managementD.logistics information物流企业（）
4.A.logistics documentsB.logistics allianceC.logistics modulusD.logistics enterprise.销售物流（）5A.returned logisticsB.sales logisticsC.distribution logisticsD.production logistics.供应物流（）6A.production logisticsB.supply logisticsC.internal logisticsD.international logistics绿色物流（）
7.A.environmental logistics配送需要计划
4.A.Material RequirementsPlanning MRPB.Manufacturing ResourcePlanning MRPC.Distribution RequirementsPlanning DRPD.Distribution ResourcePlanning DRP物流资源计划
5.A.Logistics ResourcePlanning LRPB.Enterprise ResourcePlanning ERPC.Distribution ResourcePlanning DRPD.Manufacturing ResourcePlanning MRP,供应链管理6A.Supply Chain Management SCMB.logistics cost controlC.Vendor ManagedInventory VMID.Computer AssistedOrdering CAO分类管理是
7.ABCA.ABC classificationB.ABC ManagementC.ABC classmanagementD.ABC levelmanagement•快速反应是8A.quick reflectB.quick re-actC.Quick ReactionD.Quick ResponseQR.供应链管理是9A.supply chainB.SCMC.supply managementD.supply chainoperation定期定货方式是
10.A.Fixed TimeOrder FTOB.Fixed IntervalOrder FIOC.Fixed IntervalSystem FISD.Fixed Orderin timingFOT、、、、、、、、、1B2C3B4C5A6A7A8C9B、其他常见术语10DI I知识要点有关术语详见教材第页13-23分类法
1.ABCA.Activity BasedClassificationB.Continuous ReplenishmentProgram CRPC.Efficient CustomerResponse ECRD.Application Service Provider ASP合并出货
2.A.added valueB.after-sales serviceC.aggregate shipmentsD.asset recovery自动车辆识别
3.A.automated warehouseB.Automated Storage and Retrieval System ASRSC.Automated VehicleLocation AVLD.Automated VehicleIdentification AVI回程
4.A.back haulB.backwardationC.back homeD.back distance批号
5.A.bar codeB.batch numbersC.bar codelabelD.base stock物料用量清单
6.A.Bill ofMaterials BOMB.Bill ofLading B/LC.bulk containerD.bulk carrier业务流程重组
7.A.Business ProcessReengineering BPRB.cancellation chargeC.cargo inspectionD.cargo booking集中采购
8.A.channel ofdistributionB.centralized dispatchingC.centralized procurementD.closed distributionsystem消费者物流
9.A.consumer physicaldistributionB.container terminalC.cooperative buyingD.costcontrol客户关系管理（）
10.A.customer service（）B.Customer RelationshipManagement CRMC.data warehousingD.consumer physicaldistribution配送周期（）
11.A.delivery costsB.delivery errorC.delivery cycleD.delivery note双托盘处理（）
12.A.double floorstackingB.double palletshandlingC.double-pallet jackD.economic stock电子通关（）
13.A.dutyB.exclusive distributionC.electronic clearanceD.fact tag紧急标签（）
14.A.fact tagB.hot tagC.labelD.brand打标机（）
15.A.marking machineB.label makingmachineC.laser scannerD.portable scanner定货点法（）
16.（）A.Order PointSystem OPSB.process centerC.regional distribution centerD.computer assistedorder system零售（）
17.A.retail sellingB.wholesalerC.quotasD.zero stock真空包装（）
18.A.vacuum packagingB.neutral packingC.packageD.packaging卸托盘机（）
19.A.depalletizerB.machine forgetting outpalletC.pallet movedout machineD.machine withpallet unload手提式扫描仪是（）
20.A.handheld scannerB.hand-hold scannerC.scanner byhandD.scanner byman-hold客户服务是（）
21.A.service forcustomerB.service forsalesC.sales serviceD.customer service多层仓库是（）
22.A.many story warehouseB.multi levelwarehouseC.multi functionswarehouseD.multi-storywarehouse直接配送是（）
23.A.direct send goodsB.direct deliverC.direct distributionD.direct transport条形码扫描机是（）
24.A.bar codereaderB.bar codescannerC.bar codeexaminerD.bar codeidentification索赔是（）
25.A.ask forpayB.ask forpay backC.ask forpay thelossD.claim全球定位系统是（）
26.A.global positionsystemB.GPSC.Satellite DirectionSystemD.satellite system货物是（）
27.A.articlesB.commodityC.cargoD.goods成本控制是（）
28.A.control costB.controlling costC.cost controlD.cost reduced进货清点是（）
29.A.inspection goodsB.check inC.booking inD.inspect andrecord售后服务是（）
30.A.after-sales serviceB.after saleserviceC.service aftersalesD.service on the sales分销渠道是（）
31.A.channel ofdistributionB.distribution directionC.distribution wayD.distribution road自动仓库是（）
32.A.auto warehouseB.automated controlwarehouseC.automated warehouseD.warehouse byautomated management经纪人是（）
33.A.agentB.agencyC.middle manD.broker国内物流是（）
34.A.in-land logisticsB.inside countrylogisticsC.domestic logisticsD.international logistics皮带式输送带是（）
35.A.belt transportB.belt-conveyorC.belt conveyorD.conveyors
36.Carrier载重船A.船B.托动人C.承运人D.
37.Document ofTitle提单A.名称文件B.物权凭证C.物权文件D.
38.Shipper承运人A.托运人B.货主C.船主D.||习题解答|、、、、、、、、、、k A2C3D4A5B6A7A8C9A10B11C、、、、、、12B13C14B15A16A17A、、、、、、、、18A19A20A21D22D23C24B25D、、、、、、、、26B27C28C29B30A31A32C33D、、、、、34C35C36D37D38B物流业务中常见的英文省略语
3.2知识要点I I有关术语详见教材第页24-32||典型习题|
1.FDAFood anddrug administration食品和药品管理A.食品与药品机构B.美国与药品条例C.美国食品与药品管理局D.
2.ICP InternetContent Provider互联网内容提供商A.互联网内容开发商B.互联网内含C.互联网服务商D.
3.FDI ForeignDirect Investment外国直接投资A.外国直接项目B.外资直接进入C.外资直接投入D.
4.DDP DeliveryDuty Paid完税后交贷A.完税后交贷价B.付税后送贷C.付关税后送贷D.
5.DRP DistributionRequirement Planning分配要求计划A.分配需求计划B.配送需求计划C.配送管理规划D,
6.D/ODelivery Order送贷单A.提贷单B.批贷通知C.送贷通知D.
7.G.W GrossWeight总重A.全部重量B.毛重C.合重D.
8.FIS Fixed-interval System确定间隔系A.固定间隔系统B.定期订购系统C.定期订货方式D.
9.QR QuickResponse快速回应A.快速反馈B.快速反应战略C.快速反馈系统D.
10.UL美国电器产品的安全认证标志A.美国认证B.美国工业产品认证C.美国工业产品安全认证D.
11.FIPFile TransferProtocol文件传输协议A.档案转移合同B.文件转换合约C.文件传递合约D.
12.UPC UniversalProduct Code通用产品码A.通用产品标码或代码B.通用码C.美国条形码D.
13.G.S.P GeneralizedSystem ofPreferences优惠通用标准A.普惠制B.通用标准C.贸易优惠标准D.
14.SS SafetyStock安全储备A.周期储存B.安全保管C.安全股票D.
15.DN DomainName域名A.主名B.域址C.主址D.
16.ITS IntelligentTransport System智能运输系统A.智力动力系统B.信息运输系统C.自动运输系统D.
17.MTD MultimodalTransport Document多样运输文件A.多样运输单证B.多样运输单证C.多式联运单据D.
18.OECD Organizationfor EconomicCooperation andDevelopment经济合作与发展组织A.经济互助和发展规律机构B.经发组织C.经互组织D.
19.D/A Documentagainst Acceptance接受文件A.接受交单B.承兑交单C.承兑文件D.
20.D/R DockReceipt港口单据A.码头收据B.仓库收据C.站场收据D.
21.GTN GlobalTransport Net全球运输网A.国际运输网B.世界运输网C.全球贸易网络D.
22.POS Pointof Sale销售时点系统A.销售时间B.销售地点C.卖点D.
23.COD Cashon delivery交货收款A.现金付款B.交货与速递C.现金与交货同步D.
24.IMO InternationalMarine Organization国际海洋机构A.国际每运机构B.国际海事机构C.国际海事组织D.
25.IP InternetProtocol互联网草案A.互联网协议B.互联网通迅协议C.互联网通讯指引D.
26.ISO InternationalStandard Organization国际标准机构A.国际标准化组织B.国际标准化机构C.国际标准化D.
27.ISP InternetServiceProvider互联网供应商A.互联网服务供应商B.互联网接入服务商C.互联网服务商D.
28.CIF CostInsurance andFreight国际贸易交易价A.国际贸易运价B.成本加保险费加运费价C.成本加运费D.
29.GMT GreenwichMean Time格林威治平均时间A.格林威治标准时间B.格林威治时间C.世界时间标准D.
30.M/V MerchantVessel商船A.商人船舶B.商业船舶C.商品容器D.
31.P/L PackingList包装单A.装箱单，明细表B.包装箱明细C,装箱系列D.
32.CAD ComputerAided Design计算机辅助设计A.用计算机画图B.用计算机协助画图C.计算机程序设计D.
33.C/D CustomsDeclaration客户声明A.客户要求B.报关申请C.报关单D.
34.FedEx FederalExpress联邦特别A.联邦特殊邮件B.联帮快递C.美国政府快递机构D.
35.MT orM/T MetricTon吨A.公吨B.吨位C.公制吨位D.
36.C.O Certificateof Origin原产地A.一般原产地证B.生产地C.普惠产地D.
37.ERC EmptyReturn Charges空载回运专用A.空载返回收费B.空载返回付费C.空箱回运箱费D.
38.FOB Freeon Board甲板自由价A.B.internal logisticsC.external logisticsD.military logistics第三方物流（）
8.A.production logisticsB.distribution logisticsC.military logistics（）D.Third Part Logistics TPL虚拟物流（）
9.A.virtual logisticsB.customized logisticsC.external logisticsD.value-added logisticsservice无形损耗（）
10.A.tangible lossB.intangible lossC.supply logisticsD.supply chain有形损耗（）
11.A.tangible lossB.intangible lossC.supply logisticsD.supply chain条码（）
12.A.barB.bar codeC.stripD.yard电子数据交换（）
13.A.Electronic DataChangeB.Electronic DataExchangeC.Electronic DatumInterchange（）D.Electronic DataInterchange EDI物流活动是（）
14.A.logistics activitiesB.logistics costC.logistics technologyD.logistics center国际物流是（）
15.A.national logisticsB.international logisticsC.regional logisticsD.world logistics企业物流是（）
16.上船价B.离岸价C.不含保险价D.
39.N.W.Net weight网重A.网状物重量B.基本重量C.净重D.
40.UPS UnitedParcel Service联合包裹服务A.联合包裹递送B.联合包裹快递C.联合速递公司D.
41.BC BarCode杠杆A.条形符号B.条码C.条形标签D.
42.DOZ/DZ Dozen一打A.一批B.一斤C.一公斤D.
43.ADC AutomaticData Collection自动数据集合A.自动数据汇集B.自动数据采集C.自动数据编集D.
44.DOC Document文件A.单据B.文件、单据C.记录文件D.
45.ITS IntelligentTransport System智能运输系统A.智力运输系统B.信息运输系统C.自动运输系统D.
46.LDSS LogisticsDecision SupportSystem物流决定系统A.物流决策支持系统B.物流支持系统C.物流辅助系统D.
47.SCM Supply Chain Management供应系统管理A.供应链管理B.供应链C.供给链D.
48.S/R Storeand Retrieve存储和取回A.储存与保管B.存入与取出C.被动式存货D,
49.IMP Import进口货物A.进口货B.进口C.出口D.
5.T/T TelegraphicTransfer电汇A.电话传输B.电讯传输C.电讯传输D.
51.EOQ Economic Order Quantity经济订货批量A.经济订货数量B.经济订货系统C.经济订货D.
52.MTO MultimodalTransport Operator多式联运人A.多式联运承运人B.多式联运经营人C.多式联运D.
53.ASRS AutomatedStorageandRetrievalSystem自动化存取系统A.自动储存系统B.自动储存反馈系统C.自动化储存返回系统D.
54.SCM Supply Chain Management供应系统管理A.供应链管理B.供应链C.供给链D.
55.DES DeliveredEx Ship目的港船上交货价A.目的港上船瘠价B.通过船舶交货价C.船上收货价D.
56.EC ElectronicCommercial电子业务A.电子交易B.电子商业C.电子商务D.
57.PD PhysicalDistribution物理配送A.物料配送B.货物配送C.物质配送D.、、、、、、、、、1D2A3A4B5C6B7C8D9C、、、、、、、、1A11A12B13B14A15A16D17C
18、A
19、C
20、D
21、A
22、D
23、A
24、D
25、B
26、B
27、C
28、C
29、D
30、A
31、B
32、A
33、D
34、C
35、B
36、B
37、D
38、C
39、D
40、D
41、B、、、、、、、、43C44C45A46B47B48D49C42A、、、、、、、、51A52C53A54B55A56D57C50A阅读理解
3.3||知识要点|有关阅读文章详见教材第页65-82||典型习题|-After completinga commercialtransaction,logistics willexecute thetransfer of goodsfrom the supplier sellerto the customer buyerin the most cost-effective manner.This isthedefinition of logistics.During thetransfer process,hardware such as logisticsfacilitiedand equipmentlogistics carriersare needed,as wellas informationcontrol andstandardization.In addition,supports from the governmentand logisticsassociation shouldbein place.Three majorfunctions of logistics
1.Creating timevalue:same goodscan bevalued differentlyat differenttimes.Goodsoften stopduring thetransfer process,which isprofessionally calledthe storageof logistics.It creates the timevalue for goods.
2.Creating location value:same goodscan bevalued differentlyat differentlocations.Thevalue addedduring thetransfer processis thelocation valueof logistics.
3.Distribution processingValue:sometime logistics create distributionprocessing value,which changesthe length,thickness andpackages of the goods.Like popularsaying,cutting intosmaller parts“is the most commonlyseen distributionprocessing form.Mostprocessing within logisticscreateadded valueforgoods.见P65l.What is the meaning“cost-effective A.Cost reducedB.EconomicallyC.Cost evaluateD.To addcost
2.creates timevalueA.TransportationB.Good flowC.Different locationD.Storage
3.What is the same meaning oflocationvalueA.Different valueB.Different valueof samegoods at the differentplacesC.Different goodD.Different valueof differentgoods atthe sameplace
4.What is the distributionprocessing valueA.DistributionB.ProcessingC.Sales and processingD.Changing the length,thickness and the packageof the goods
5.The distributionprocess valueis availablein alllogistics activities.Is itcorrect ornot A.BothB.YesC.NotD.Not clear二An increasing number ofcompanies are involving in international marketsthroughexporting,licensing,joint ventures,and ownership.This trendshould continue.With suchexpansion there is a need to developworldwide logistics networks.Integrated logisticsmanagementand costanalysis will be morecomplex anddifficult to manage.There aresomefuture trends in internationalization:
1.More logisticsexecutives withinternational responsibilities.
2.Expansion of the numberand size of foreigntrade zones.
3.Reduction in the amountof internationalpaperwork anddocumentation.
4.More foreignwarehousing isowned and controlled by the exportingfirm.
5.Increasing numberof smallerfirms.
6.Foreign ownership of logisticsservice firms,e.g.,public warehousing andtransportation carriers.
7.Increasing multipledistribution channels.The internationaltransport and the international logistics aresame thingsin someway.So,when the international tradinginvolved,the firmmust establishinternational logisticssystemsto provide the products and servicesdemanded.The mostsignificant developmentin internationallogisticswillbethe increasingsophistication information system adoptedand independent departmentsto operate.见P
681.What is the subjectof the paragraphA.The international tradeB.The internationaltransportC.The internationallogisticsD.International economy？
2.What is the same meaning of“InternationalizationA.NationalizationB.GlobalizationC.IntegrationD.Standardization
3.What is the meaning of trendA.General directionB.Developing roadC.WayD.Path
4.The internationaltransport and the internationallogistics aresame.Is itcorrect ornot A.Not mentionin theparagraphB.Not clearC.WrongD.Right
5.The international trade needstheto fulfillits transaction.A.TrucksB.LogisticsC.ShipsD.Aircrafts㈢The charactersof modern logistics arehuge quantity,quick responseand globalization.Inorder to meet theneeds,information technologyhas become the brainto controlthem.Bar code,POS,EDI,GPS andinternet are the mainchoices for the operation of logistics.Bar codesystem canget thegoods informationfast andexactly.By thedata processingunit,POS systemcan check the inventoryof warehouseat anytime.When thesuper centeradoptsPOS system,it cancheckthe sales record,inventory evencash floweasily.EDI is amagic toolthat cantranslate yourdocuments intoelectronic data,sent itto yourpartner inanylocation bycable.In thisway,we dontneed to make dealface-to-face,revise thedocuments,declare tocustoms beforethe shipmentsarrived,and more.Now,EDI is themost essentialinformation toolfor internationaltrade and logistics.All of information toolsarebased oninternet.In today5s society,the organsof commercialand government,schools,even individualcan makeE-commerce withinternet.So,Internet is the greatestrevolution to influencethe mankind.
1.Information technologycan helpthe operationof the logistics,but cantchange itsfuture.Is itcorrect ornotA.CorrectB.WrongC.In limitedwayD.The roleis notdecided
2.EDI is the coreof information technology used in internationaltrade and transportation.Is ita factA.CorrectB.WrongC.Not mentionedD.Not clear
3.What is the meaning of“magic tool”in theparagraphA.VisibleB.InvisibleC.NetD.You cantimage it.
4.What is most important information technologyin the logisticsA.Bar CodeB.DOSC.EDID.GPS
5.Why is the Interneta greatrevolutionA.The newestscientific andtechnology inventionB.The mostadvanced technologyC.The valuable toolD.Helping themankind greatly四If ashipper hasa strictarrival anddeparture requirements,railroads areat acompetitivedisadvantage comparedto motor carriers.Some ofthis disadvantagemay beovercomethrough combinedtransport,which offers the economyof railmovement linkedwith theflexibilityof trucking.Truck trailersarc delivered to the rail terminals,where they areloaded onflatbed railcars.At thedestination terminalthey areoff-loaded anddelivered totheconsignee-the customerwho receiversthe shipment.An additionalarea inwhich railroadssuffer incomparison tomotor carriersis equipmentavailability.Railroad linesuse eachothers cars,and attimes thisequipment maynot bylocatedwhere it is mostneeded.Railcars maybe unavailablebecause they are beingloaded,unloaded,moved withinrailroad sortingyards,or undergoingrepair.Other carsmay bestandingidle orlost within the vastrail network.A numberof developments in the railindustry havehelped toovercome someof theseutilization problems.Advances haveincluded:computer routingand scheduling;the upgradingof equipment,roadbeds,andterminals;improvements inrailcar identificationsystems;and theuse ofunit trains,carsowned orleased by the shipper;and dedicatedthrough-train servicebetween majormetropolitanareas nonstopshipments ofone or a fewshippers9products.Railroads ownapproximately80percent of their carfleet.The remaining20percent areeither leasedorowned byshippers.见P
741.The disadvantagesof railtransport comparedwith motor carrier isA.CostB.SpeedC.Lost anddamage ratiosD.Transit time and frequencyof service
2.The disadvantageabove mentionedcan beovercome byA.Combined transportB.More frequencyC.Fast trainD.More flexible
3.The advantage of railtransport areAA.Great amountof shippedB.Less damageratioC.Fast speedexact schedulecost savedD.Direct shippingline
4.Railroads ownaboutof theircar fleetA.HalfB.80%C.20%D.Not mentioned
5.What is the meaningof MetropolitanareasA.Around thecityB.City itselfC.The areanear thecityD.Big cityand itsneighbor area五Inventory canserve twobasic functions:
1.To providea reservefor productionand sales.
2.To getthe pricediscount bypurchasing a large quantities.Inventory maybe raw materials for the factoryor finishedproducts for the wholesalerandretailer.Most of inventory isplaced inwarehouse.Usually,three warehousesare available:
1.Private warehouse.A privatewarehouse isowned andoperated bya company.It isconvenientto theowner whocan storeandprocesseasily.For mostfactories andbigtraders,they oftenhave largeor smallwarehouse,more orless spaceto storegoods.
2.Public warehouse.Public Warehouseis developingfor theThird PartLogistics andoffersspecial services,including packageand arrangement of delivery.Public warehousehasadvantage ofbetter serviceand lowercost thanprivate oneby itsspecialized equipmentandmarketing share.
3.Contract warehouse.This kind of warehouseis formedand dependedon the relationbetween the suppliers andcustomer.When buyerpurchases goods,they dontoften shipit atthe same time andstore atthesellers9warehouse.Warehouse equipmentconsists offolk lifttruck,stacker,good shelfandconveyor,etc.
1.Inventory is the same as warehouse.Is ittrue ornotA.Sometime yesB.NotC.No relation between themD.Different goodsat differentplace
2.Generally speaking,there aretwo kindsofinventorywhich areA.GoodsB.MaterialsC.Materials andproductsD.Raw materialsand finishedproducts
3.Public warehouseis mostefficient.What isyour opinionA.Depend on the situationB.YesC.NotD.Not comparable
4.Usually,contract warehousedoesnt need to pay.Is itcorrect ornotA.YesB.NotC.It didntmention it.D.Sometime yes,sometime not.5What is the equipmentof warehouseA.ToolsB.Tools forhandling,loading and unloadingC.Forklift truckD.Forklift truckand goodsshelf六Managers in the lasttwo decadeshave witnesseda periodof changeunparalleled in thehistory of the world,in terms of advancesin technology,globalization of markets andstabilizationof politicaleconomies.With theincreasingnumberof world-class”competitors bothdomestically andabroad,organizations havehad to improve theirinternalprocesses rapidlyin order to staycompetitive.In the1960sand1970s,companies begantodevelop detailedmarket strategies,which focusedon creatingand capturingcustomerloyalty.Organizations alsorealized thatstrong engineering,design andmanufacturingfunctions werenecessary inorder tosupport thesemarket requirements.Design engineershadto beabletotranslate customer needs intoproduct and service specifications,whichthen hadto beproduced at a highlevel ofquality andatareasonable cost.As thedemandfor new products escalatedin the1980s,manufacturing organizationswere requiredtobecome increasinglyflexible andresponsive tomodify existingproducts andprocesses ortodevelop newones inorderto meet ever-changing customerneeds.As manufacturingcapabilitiesimproved in the1990s,managers realized that materialand serviceinput fromsuppliershad amajor impacton theirorganizations abilitytomeetcustomerneeds.Thisled to an increasedfocus on the supplybase andthe organizationssourcing strategy.Managers alsorealizedthatproducing aquality productwas notenough.Getting theproductsto customerswhen,where,how,andin the quantitythat theywant,in acost-effective manner,constituted anentirely newtype ofchallenge.More recently,the eraof the LogisticsRenaissance”was alsobom,recreating a whole setof time-reducinginformation technologiesand logisticsnetwork aimedat meetingthese challenges.As aresult of these changes,organizations nowfind that it isno longerenough tomanagetheir organizations.They mustalso beinvolved in the managementof tomanage theirorganizations.They mustalso beinvolved in the managementof thenetwork of allupstream firmsthat provideinputs directlyor indirectly,as wellas thenetwork ofdownstreamfirms responsiblefor deliveryand after-market serviceof the product to theend customer.From thisrealization emergedthe conceptof the“supply chain”.见P
781.When didthe greatchanges takefor the world economyA.1970B.Last20years or moreC.Last centuryD.Long timeago
2.What is the meaningof customerloyally”A.The most important customersfor anyfirmB.Loyal tocompanyC.The customersto buya lotD.The longterm customers
3.What is the meaningof LogisticsRenaissance^A.Logistics begana newperiodB.Logistics isrebornC.Logistics hastaken economicfunctions much more beforeD.Logistics isdeveloping
4.What is the meaningof DownstreairTfor supply chainA.CustomersB.SuppliersC.SellersD.B andC
5.is theplace tostore thegoods importedor in transit,without payingdutyunder customs supervision.A.Boned warehouseB.Exported warehouseC.Imported warehouseD.Customs warehouse七All over the world,more andmore oceanfreights arecarried outwith containers.This trendwill continue becausecontainerized shipmentoffers somany advantages.Among themare:
1.Economy.Overall transportation costs can be reducedbythe container shipment.In thecaseof generalcargo of10,00tons,it takes48hours to load and unload,but forthecontainer shipof35,000tons,only6-8hour neededto loadandunload.
2.Safety.The cargocan behandled in any weatherand isefficiently protectedfrom theftanddamage,because itis completelyenclosed.
3.Large scale.Container shiphas becomegiant from10,000tons in1970to100,000tons,now itcontinues togrow biggerand bigger.There aretwo kindsof containers,20and40\mostly adopted.20container iscalled TEU,Twenty-feet EquivalentUnit,and standard container.One40container isequals two20s.Containers areusedinocean,railway andhighway transportation.In recentyears,manycontainer terminalshave beenestablished.The continental bridge transportis introducedtoload containersby trains.The roadtransportation followsthis trendency,the tractorspullthe containerwith thespeed in100km perhour inhighway.
1.What iscontainer shipmentA.To loadgoods incontainerB.Container isonly choicefor transportation.C.Containerized transportationD.Container ship,container train and containertrack
2.What iscontainerization shipmentA.To loadgoods incontainerB.Container isonly choicefor transportation.C.Containerized transportation.D.Container ship,container train and containertrack
3.Only20and40container arcavailable.Is ita factA.CorrectB.WrongC.Not mentionedD.I dontknow
4.20container isstandardcontainer.Is ittrue ornotA.factory logisticsB.business logisticsC.enterprise logistics生产物流是（）D.internal logistics
17.A.manufacture logisticsB.make logisticsC.product logisticsD.production logistics物流网络是（）
18.A.logistics on-lineB.logistics lineand dotC.logistics organizationD.logisticsnetwork.物流模数是（）19A.logistics modelB.logistics modulusC.logistics movementD.logistics test.物流联盟是（）20A.logistics allianceB.logistics unionC.logistics cooperationD.logistics ally、、、、、、、、、1B2A3C4D5C6B7A8D9A、、、、、、、、10B11A12B13D14A15B16D17D、、、18D19B20A物流作业术语
4.
1.2I［知识要点有关术语详见教材第页5-8||典型习题|直达运输（）
1.A.combined transportB.through transportC.transfer transportD.drop andpull transport集装箱运输（）
2.A.containerA.YesB.NotC.It isold conceptD.It isnew kindof container
5.Container shipsneed thecontainer terminaltoloadandunloadgoods.Is itcorrect ornotA.CorrectB.WrongC.DependD.No mentionANow,we discusstherelationbetween theinternationaltradeand logistics.As youknow,trading involvesseveral steps:
1.Making deal.In thisstage,the buyerand sellershould negotiatethe priceof thegoods,the wayto pay,finally signthe contract.
2.Payment.It is a corestep in the trading.General speaking,buyers cantpay to sellersdirectly.They usuallyask theirbank towrite theLetter ofCredit L/C to the sellers.L/C isthepromise topay from the buyer,transferred tosellers5band underthe conditionalarticles.
3.Transportation.After receivingqualified L/C,the sellerbegins todeliver thegoods.Then transportationtakes the main placeof thetrading.So,international transportationissimilar wordto internationallogistics.Logistics canmove thecommodities formonecountry to another withships,trucks and air.Logistics mayfix thecost of transportation tothetrading partnerswith the terms ofFOB andCIF.FOB meansthe dealprice withoutinsurance and freight.CIF containscost of goods,insuranceandfreight.Transportation asthe main function of the logistics has the very close relationshipwith foreigntrade.
4.Customs clearanceand Inspection.In thefinal step,logistics helpscustomers andcustomsin twoways,on onehand,arrangementof goods to be clearedonthe other,handing in the documentsto beexamined.
1.There is not closerelationship betweeninternationaltradeandlogistics.Is itcorrectA.CorrectB.WrongC.This is not maintopic in the page.D.I dontknow
2.What iscontract A.PaperB.ArrangementC.Arrangement byboth sidesof dealD.Memo
3.L/C is a letterfrom buyertoseller.Is ittrue ornotA.TrueB.YesC.CorrectD.Wrong
4.What doesthe customsdo A.Inspecting goodsand collectingdutyB.Government organC.Collecting taxD.Inspecting commodities
5.Does theauthor talkabout the transportation equipmentA.YesB.NOC.Only alittleD.Dropping ahint九Transportation is the No.1function in the logistics.In certainway,transport equallogistics.There arefive transportationmodes:rail,highway,water,pipeline andair.The relativeimportance of eachmode can be measuredin thetermsofmileage,load volumeandincome.
1.Rail network.Rail network can be used to transport largetonnage goodsover longdistance.Rail companyhas the advantageoflow operation cost,like electricityand fuel,but the disadvantage ofexpensive investment.
2.Motor Carriers.Highway transporthas developedrapidly since
1970.The operationofdoor-to-door andflexibility arethe mainreasons whymotor carrierscan9t becompared byother modes.
3.Water Transport.Water Transportis theoldest wayof transportation,but itis theonlyoption fortheinternationaltrading.Ocean shipscan sailvery longdistance andextremelylarge shipmentswith thelowest cost.Recently,container shipmay load7,000containersabout150,000tons.
4.Pipeline.Pipeline cansendgoodswithout stopping,but restrictedto oil and gas.In2003,China beganto buildthree pipelinesfor water transportation calledwater inSouthernmoved toNorthern”.
5.Air.Air freightsis thenewest andsun riseindustry.Although itis highcost now,and thedisasterof
9.\V\for a long run,air transport will increaseits proportionsteadily.
1.Why istransportation the mostimportantin the logisticsA.It coststhe longesttime.B.It needsthe mostinvestmentC.It needsthe biggestarea.D.Its returnedcost is the most.
2.How many modes are there in the transportA.3B.4C.5D.More than
53.Which modeis thelowest cost in transportationA.TrainB.TruckC.Ocean shipD.Air
4.What istheadvantageof motortransportationA.FastB.Save moneyC.EasyD.Flexibly andthe operationof“door-to-door”
5.Pipeline canonly carryoilandgas..A.NotB.YesC.NoneD.Anything十Packaging isthe endof productionandthestart of logistics.But itis more important to thelatter thanthe formerbecause thepackage isabsolutely necessaryto transportationandstorage.Without it,the logistics cant work.One of the basicfunctions of packaging is toprotect thegoods in the processof logistics.It iscalled industrypackage.The secondfunctionis to make saleseasy.For example,a beautifulbox of the shoesattracts thecustomerto buy.This iscalled commercialpackage.Packaging technologycan beclassified into two categories,one ispackage materials,theother ispackaging methods.The materialsconsist paper,plastic,wood,metal andglass.Paper isthe biggestpercentage ofthe packingmaterials.It can be used tomakeouterpackage,carton paperbox andcorrugated box.Paper ischeap,easy toshape andventilated.Plastic isnew fastdeveloped materials,which islow cost,strong,good resistantto water,acid and so on.Wood has becomethe less proportion because of environmentalprotection.It isused tomake thewooden box.Metal,exactly aluminumis tomake cansfordrinks,like COCA-COLA,which iseasy torecycle.Glass ismainly usedto fillthe liquid,like chemicalproducts andliquors.Packaging techniqueis toadopt severalpackingmethods and containers to protect goods.For example,protection fromdamage andvibration isthe basic packaging method.Protection containershave a lot,such asbag,box,can,bottle andbarrel.
1.Packaging is not apart of logistics.Is ittrue ornotA.NotB.YesC.No relationD.Sometime yes,sometime not
2.The mainfunction of packaging is to protectgoods.Do youagreeA.YesB.NotC.DifferentD.Same
3.There aretwo categoriesofpackaging.Is ita factA.MoreB.Only oneC.NotD.Yes
4.Packaging materialand techniqueare equalimportant topackaging technology.Do youagreeA.DifferentB.Same effectC.YesD.No
5.Packaging techniqueisthepackage shape.Is ita factA.YesB.NotC.I dontknowD.No mentionin itH~The basicprinciples tomake businessare toopen marketand controlcost.Usually,it iseasierfor costreduced thanmarket developingbecause thecredit of any companydecidesits marketshare,it needsalongtime tobuild itup.But sometimes,we faceanotherheadache.For example,if youarethemanager ofa companymaking salestotwofirms.One ofthem makespurchase oncea yearbut thevolume isrelatively big,andthepaymentcomes intime.Meanwhile,theotherone hopesto reduceits inventoryand buyyour goodsmanytimes andin smalllots withlow price.Moreover,the latterone isvery strictto quality,you haveto spenda lotof energy and moneytomeetits bargaining.
1.Which oneisthebigger buyerto youA.Second oneB.First oneC.None ofthemD.Same
2.How isthe qualitydemand ofthe firstoneA.No mentioninthearticleB.Very lowC.Very highD.We dontknow
3.What isthe meaningof reduceinventoryA.Low levelof goodsin warehouseB.Low buyerC.Low levelof warehouseD.Low priceof goods
4.Which oneisthe samemeaningof purchaseA.Get somethingB.Selling somethingC.Making orderD.Buying goods
5.What increasesa companysmarket shareE.CapitalF.CreditG.MoneyH.None ofthem十二Subassemblies and even thefinal products.The secondapproach forcesmost developedcountriesto getinto a new areacalled“global logistics”.Benefits ofglobal operationsinclude cheaprawmaterialsand endproducts,lower laborcost,better quality,increased internalcompetition andbetter customer service.Some ofthedisadvantages areunreliable delivery,poor communicationand longertimes fromdesign tofinishproduction.Challenges areoften culturaland linguisticdifferences,legalrequirements,logistics support,finding qualifiedglobal suppliersor manufacturers,exchange rates.There arethree majorflows involved in global logistics:material flow,document flowand cashflow.——Material flowis also the logistics.It needssupply chain management tolook forthehighest profitintherelationbetween the downstreamand upstreamof any products orservices,even the economic activityinanarea,like thecity ofShenzhen.——Document flowmeans contracts,shipping bills,invoice andLetter ofCredit,and so on.They allmust be globalization.——Cash flowneeds internationalbanking system to assistit,like moneytransferred,letter ofcredit issued,foreign exchangerates systemestablished.
1.What isthe maintopic aboveparagraphA.Logistics must beglobalization.B.Logistics isdeveloping.C.Logistics needsall nationsinvolvedintheworld.D.Logistics activityis international.
2.Developed countries,like US,have movedsome manufacturesto thedevelopingcountries.Is ittrue ofnotA.YesB.NotC.I dontknowD.Not mentionedin thisparagraph.
3.What isthe NO.1benefit from the globallogistics forthe developedcountriesA.Market shareB.Raw materialC.Low costD.Human resources
4.The maindisadvantage isin globallogisticsA.Unqualified productsB.Different languagesC.Transportation delayedD.Unreliable deliveryof goods
5.How manyflows are there ingloballogisticsA.OneB.TwoC.FourD.Three十三The processoflogisticsintegration can be dividedinto fourstages:Stage
1.Began inthe early1960sinthe USA and involvedthe integration ofallactivitiesassociated withdistribution.Separate distributiondepartments wereto coordinatethemanagement ofall processeswithin physicaldistribution managementPDM.Stage
2.PDM wasapplied to the inboundmovement ofmaterials,components,andsubassemblies,generally knownas materialsmanagement”.By thelate1970s,many firmshadestablished“logistics departments^with overallresponsibility forthe movement,storage,and handling of productsupstream anddowmstream ofthe productionoperation.Stage3,Logistics playsan importantcoordinating role,as itinterfaces withmost otherfunctions.With theemergence ofbusiness processre-engineeing BPRintheearly1990s,the relationship between logistics and relatedfunctions wasredefined.Systemsintegration^occurred.Cross-functional integrationshould achievegreater results.Stage
4.Establish Supply ChainManagement SCM toachieve supply chain optimizationandminimize inventory.见P
712.What isthe meaningof integration A.To linksome separatefactors asa whole chainB.UnitedC.To puttogetherD.Mixture
3.How manystages inthe processingoflogisticsintegrationA.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four
4.What isPDM A.Production distributionmanagementB.Physical distributionmanagementC.Processing distributionmanagementD.Pallets distributionmanagement
5.What isBPR A.Business productionrelationB.Business promotionrelationC.Business processre-engineeringD.Business placementratio
6.What isSCMA.Supply CustomerManagementB.Support CustomerManagementC.Supply ChainMaterialsD.SupplyChainManagement十四SupplyChainisa management toolswhich isbased onthe following facts:
1.All productsare madeby linkedsuppliers,just likea kindof chain.
2.Every supplieriscustomer atthe sametime and controlled byits upsupplier,then againcontrols itscustomerat the customer.
3.The relationbetween the two suppliersis competitiveand cooperation.If not,no longerterm businessor dealcan beexisted.In otherwords,theyareonthe sameboat”.
4.All themembers inthe SupplyChain shouldget profitmore orless.If theupsuppliers earntotal profit,rest ofthe suppliermust loss.All thesuppliers inthe supplychainshould bemanaged bya specificrule,that isSupplyChainManagementSCM.SCM isamanagement method,also asoftware.SCM hasseveral characters:
1.SCM issingle wayprocess,not cyclesystem;
2.SCM linksall themembers,including suppliersand end customers,with computerprocedureand math;
3.SCM try to getthe highestprofit onthe whole chain.SCM can be usedin hugecompany,or acity economy.General Electronicsand Singaporeare goodexamples onadoptingSCM.
1.Is SCMa realchain,or asoftwareA.Both yesB.Both notC.The latterD.The former
2.Every supplierinthe supply chain is customer.Is ittrue ornotA.YesB.NotC.Yes,but notsametime.D.Not mentioned.
3.SCM cantearn thebiggest profitto everymember,but awholechaincan.What isyouropinionA.I dontthink soB.WrongC.SometimesD.Correct
4.We mayuse SCMin anysituation.Do youagreeA.YesB.NotC.No mentionintheparagraphD.You canguess
5.Is the logistics same as SCMA.YesB.NotC.Different situationD.No mentionhere十五Water carriageis perhapsthe mostinexpensive methodof shippinghigh-bulk,low-valuecommodities butbecause ofthe inherentlimitations of water carrier,itisunlikely thatwater transportwillgain alarger role in domestic and internationalcommerce,althoughinternational developmentshave mademarine shippingincreasingly important.Thedevelopment ofvery largecrude carriersor supertankershas enabledmarine shippingtoassume avital role inthetransport ofpetroleum betweenoil-producing andoil-consumingcountries because oftheimportanceof energy resourcesto industrializednations watercarriagewill continueto playa significantroleinthe transportationofenergyresources.Inaddition,container shipshave greatlyexpanded theuse ofwatertransportfor mostpackagedproducts.Many domesticand mostinternational shipmentsinvolve theuseof containers.The shipperinone countryplaces cargointo anowned orleased containerat itsfacility or at Point-of-origin.Then thecontainer istransported viarail ormotorcarrierin thatcountry andsubsequentlydeliveredto thecustomeror consignee.The shipmentleaves theshipper andarrivesatthe customers locationwith minimalhandlingofthe itemswithin thecontainer.The usageofcontainersin manyways reducestaffing needs,minimizes intransit damageandtheft,stolen timeintransitbecause ofreduced portturnaround time,and allowtheshipper totake advantageof volumeshipping rates
1.Water transportistheway forshipping bulkand lowprice goods.A.Most inexpensiveB.Save moneyC.Low costD.economically
2.Marine shippingisthe same astransportA.MilitaryB.AirC.WaterD.Road
3.Crude oilcarriers oftenuseA.Big shipsB.Huge shipsC.Large containershipsD.Supertankers
4.Ocean transportuseships mostlyA.bulkB.containerC.bargeD.RO/RO
5.Container isthe mostbenefit forA.Transport,carrying,loading and unloadingB.StorageC.TransportingD.Distribution十六
1.Modern logisticsadopts containerizationtechniques.The goodstransfer processstartswith packaging,followed bytransportation storage and distribution.The wholeprocess isoperatedunder logisticsstandards.Based onthe logisticsbase moduleof600x400mm,from the logistics moduleof1,200x1,000mm,and enlargeto the sizeof
2.591x2,438mm-thesizeof highxwide ofthecontainer.It canbe adjustedto thestandard sizesofcontainers fortrains,trucks and ships.
2.Information technologiesare mostimportant formodern logisticsbar code.POS,EDIand GPSsystems dramaticallyimprove theefficiency andaccuracy ofthe logisticsactivities.Internet furtherassists the market development,operations andmanagement ofthe logistics industry.见P
651.What arethe maindifferences betweentraditional and modernlogistics A.Containerization techniquesB.Information techniquesC.A andBD.GPS,EDI,POS andso on
2.What isthe logisticsbase moduleA.1200x1000mmB.2591x2438mmC.600x400mmD.A,B andC
3.What isthe mostimportantinthelogisticsinformation systemA.EDIB.POSC.GPSD.Bar code
4.What isthe functionof internetto thelogisticsA.To directthe operationB.To helpthemarketdevelopment.operation andmanagementC.To guidethe mobileequipment,like truckandshipD.To speedup theprocess5The logisticsstandardization startsfromthe operationofA.TransportationB.Storage C.Distribution D.Packaging十七An importantnew trendin supply chain managementistherecovery,recycling orreuse ofproductsfromthe end userafter theyhave reachedthe endof theiruseful life,organizationsare nowextending theirdistribution channelsbeyond theendcustomerto includetheacceptance anddisassembly“of finalproducts.Organizations areseeking to“close theloopand eventuallytransform usedproducts intonewproductsand/or materialthat canbereturned to the erathwithout harming the environment.In othercases,organizations havedevelopedextensive repairnetworks to handle warrantyand qualityproblem thatoccurwith productsreturned bycustomers.This functionmay includeafter-sales servicefunctionsmaintenance serviceand othertype ofactivities relatedto continuallysatisfyingthe customerhere againorganizations areactively workingto improvetheir reverselogisticsfunctions,tomanagethe flow of productsand servicesmoving backwardthroughthe supply chain.Directly to theendcustomer,provides aservice manufacturesa productorextracts materialsFrom theearth,it canbe characterizedwithin thecontext orits supplychainUntil recentlyhowever,organizations focusedprimarily ontheir directcustomersand internalfunctions,and placedrelatively littleemphasis onother organizationswithintheir supplychain network.However,three majordevelopmentsinglobal markets andtechnologies havebrought supplychainmanagementto theforefront ofmanagements attention1The informationrevolution2Customer demandsin areasof productandservicecost qualitydelivery,technology,and cycletime broughtabout byincreased globalcompetition.3The emergence of newforms ofinter-organizational relationshipsEach of thesedevelopments hasfostered theemergenceofan integratedsupplychain见approach P80B.containerized transportC.container transportD.containerization门到站（）
3.A.door-to-doorB.door tocyC.door tocfsD.door tostation拼箱货（）
4.（）A.Full ContainerLoad FCL（）B.Less-than ContainerLoad LCL（）C.Full BoxGoods FBGD.Less BoxGoods整箱货（）
5.（）A.Full ContainerLoad FCL（）B.Less-than ContainerLoad LCL（）C.Full BoxGoods FBGD.Less BoxGoods.库存（）6A.storingB.storageC.article reservesD.inventory经常库存（）
7.A.cycle stockB.safety stockC.lead timeD.order cycletime.堆码（）8A.stackingB.handlingC.carryingD.loading定牌包装（）
9.A.sales packageB.packing ofnominated brandC.neutral packingD.transport package集装化（）
10.A.palletizingB.containerizationC.in bulkD.cross docking共同配送（）
11.
1.What isa newdevelopment inSCMA.RecoveryB.Returned logisticsC.Disposal ofwaste materialsD.Reuse products？
2.What isthe meaningof withoutharmingtheenvironment”A.Environmental protectionB.The environmentscienceC.Not wastematerials inthe earthD.Collect harmingmaterials？
3.What isthe meaningof closethe loop”A.Close ringB.Using againC.The cyclingindustriesD.Returned goods
4.The informationrevolution isfirst important to SCM,is itcorrect ornotA.TrueB.WrongC.Not totallycorrectD.No mentionin it
5.The changesof industryorganizations arethe resultof SCM,do youthink soA.WrongB.TrulyC.CorrectD.No mentionin thisparagraph
（十八）Domestically,air carrierstransport lessthan1percent ofton-mile trafficalthoughincreasing numbersof shippersare usingair freightfor regularservice,most viewairtransport asa premiun,emergency servicebecause ofits highercost,but ininstances whereanitem must be deliveredtoadistant locationquickly,air freightoffers theshorter timeintransit ofanymodefor mostshippers,however,these time-sensitive shipmentsarerelatively fewin numberof frequency.Domestic air freight directlycompetes toa greatextent withmotorcarrier,and toa muchlesserdegree with rail carriers.Where countriesare separatedby largeexpanses ofwaterthe majorcompetitor for international airfreight iswater carriage.见P
741.What isthedisadvantagefor air transportationA.Quick but not safeB.Less frequencyC.It cantlift heavygoodsD.The highestcostin all transport modes
2.What kindof productsdo theair carriersdeliverA.The highvalueB.Low densityor weightC.A andBD.Shortest time totransport
3.How muchisthepercent ofairtransportationinallmodesA.Less than1%B.LowestC.LowerD.Low
4.Where isthe mostairfreightshipped inthe passengeraircraftA.SeparatelyB.In samelevelC.In thelower part of itD.No mentionhere5How manytons doesthe cargo737carryA.100tonsB.Not clearC.More than100tonsD.I dontknow十九Return goodshandling:the handlingof returngoods isoften calledreverse distribution.Buyers mayreturn itemstotheseller fora numberof reasons.Most logisticssystem arenotgood enoughto handlesuch cases.In manyindustries consumersreturn productsforwarranty repairreplacement orrecycling.Reverse distributioncosts maybe veryhighreverse distributionwill becomemoreimportantas customersdemand more flexible andfavorablereturn policies.
1.What isthe samemeaningofreverse distributionA.SalesB.Sales andlogisticsC.Returned logisticsD.Back andforth
2.What isthe meaningof recycleA.Collect treatand useagainB.Movement ina cycleC.Return tooriginalD.Return goods
3.Re versedistribution isthe part ofA.EnvironmentB.The EarthC.Environment logisticsD.sales
4.Returned logistics isthegoods flowA.From sellers to buyersB.From buyersto sellersC.From outsideto insideofanycompanyD.From wholesellerstoretailers
5.Customers returntheproductbecause ofA.QuantityB.QualityC.Quality controlD.Quality unqualified
（二十）Third part logistics providersare tolower the total costoflogisticsforthesupplier andimprovethe servicelevel tothecustomer.Third partlogistics havebeen growingrapidly costreduction anddemands for better andcheaperservices arethe maindrives behindthe growth.A thirdpartlogisticsprovider willbeinaposition toconsolidate businessfrom severalcompanies andoffer frequentpick-ups anddeliveries,whereas in-house transportationcannot.Other reasons are asfollowsA.The companydoes notspecialize inlogistics;
8.The companydoes not have sufficientresources;C.Eager toimplement betterlogistics operationor doesnothavetimetodevelop therequiredcapabilities in-house;D.The companyis venturinginto anew businesswith totallydifferent logisticsrequirements.E.Merger oracquisition maymake outsourcinglogistics operationsmore attractivethan tointegratelogistics operations.
1.Third PartLogistics provideslogistics servicesA.SingleB.SomeC.Simple D.A
112.Third PartLogistics isthebetween thesupplier andcustomerA.LinkB.Bridge C.Middle D.Transport
3.The advantageof Third PartLogisticsareA.Better serviceB.Lower costC.OverallD.A andB
4.Third PartLogistics ismorethan otherlogistics providersin operationsA.QuickB.FastC.SpecializedD.Exact
5.What promotesThirdPartLogistics developingits businessA.OutsourcingB.TransportingC.WarehousingD.Distributing二十一Logistics ischanging ata rapidand acceleratingrate basedonthefollowingfactsFirstly,pressure to change bythe developmentofthesystem itself1High-speed computingand datatransmission caninstantly transmitand reactto userdemand.2More flexibleand accuratelogistics planningand controlthrough computersanddata processing.3Flexible computefacilities helpproblem solvingand increasedecisionsaccuracy.4Awareness oftotal costmeasurement andmanagement accounting.Secondly,pressures forchanges fromthe widereconomy1Be flexiblein handlingmarkets ofdifferent sizesforbettercompetition.2There isincreasingspecialization inmarketsandgrowth inretailing.3Life Cyclefor productsareshortening Logisticssystem needtobemore efficient,faster andmoreflexible.4Movefrom massproduction towardsflexible manufacturingsystem FMS.These systemsenablea companyto switchproduction quicklyfrom oneproduct toanother.5Competitive pressureslead tomore effortsto improvecustomerservice.
1.What pressuresaretheretochangethelogisticsA.TwoB.Logistics itselfC.Wider economyD.B andC
2.What arethemainfactors forlogistics itselftoimproveits levelA.Information techniqueB.Cost controlC.A andBD.Technology
3.What isthe meaningof widereconomyA.Macro-economyB.Micro-economyC.Outside factorsto influentlogisticsD.The wholeeconomy
4.What ishemostimportant forlogistics tosatisfy themarker demandA.Hi-techB.FlexibilityC.SpecializationD.Competition二十二There arefive transportationmodes—motor,rail,air,water,and pipeline.In addition,certain modalcombinations areavailable includingrail-motor specializedor lowercostservices notgenerally availablethan asingle transportmode.Other transportersincludefreight forwardersshipper cooperativesparcel post,like UntiedParcel Serviceand otherparcelservices.As transportation cost canbe significant,the firmmust identifyandcontrolthe factorsthataffect thesecosts.In generalfactors influencingtransportation costscanbedivided intotwomajor categories-product-relate factorsand marker-related factors.There arefactors ofproduct-related:1transport distances;2transport linkages;3transport equipment,and4transport time.Important market-related factorsalso affecttransportationcosts.The mostsignificant onesinclude1competition fromdifferent carries;2location ofmarkets;3governmentregulation oftransportation carries;4freight trafficinaregion;5seasonality ofproductmovements;and6whether theproduct isbeing transporteddomestically orinternationally.Eachofthese factorswill affectthe overalltransportationcost.见P
721.How manymodes arethere intransportation A.FourB.ThreeC.FiveD.More thanfive
2.Which modeoftransportationismostflexibleA.AirB.Ship railC.RailD.motor
3.How manyproduct-related factorsarethereto influnentthetransport cost A.FourB.ThreeC.TwoD.five
4.What isthe mostimportant product-related factortothetransport costA.Linkages B.Distances C.Equipment D.Time
5.What isthemostimportant marker-related factortothetransportcostA.Location ofmarketB.Govermment regulationC.CompetitionD.Seasonality ofproducts flow二十三Water transportationcanbebroken downinto severaldistinct categorieslInlandwaterway,such asrivers andcanals,2Lakes;3Coastal andinter-coastal ocean;4International deepsea.Water carriagecompete primarilywithrailand pipeline,sincethe majorityof commoditiescarried by water carriageby natureis particularlysuited formovementsof heavy,bulky and low valuecommodities thatcanbe loaded andunloadedefficiently bymechanical meansin situationswhere speed isnot of primary importance,where stoleand whereaccompanying landmovements areunnecessary.Businesses primarilyuse watermovement for inbound transportation.They transportbulkmaterials suchas ironore grainswood productscoal,Limestone andpetroleuminternationally or domestically topoint wherethey canbe usedas inputsinto themanufacturingprocess.Other than ininternational deep-sea transport,water carriersarelimited intheir movementbytheavailability oflakes,rivers,canals,orinter-coastalwaterways.Depending onthe geographicarea water carriage mayaccount foralargeshareof freightmovement oran insignificantamount.In theunited state,for example,approximately15percent ofthetotalinter-city freightis movedby water.In Europe,watercarriage ismuchmoreimportant becauseofthevast systemof navigablewaterways andtheaccessibility tomajor populationcenters providedbywaterroutes.In Germany,waterwaysaccount formore than30percentage ofall freighttransported andin Belgiumand Hollandthepercentage issubstantially higherthe averagelength ofhaul variestremendouslydepending onthe typeofwatertransport.For internationaldeep-sea movementsthe lengthofhaul canbe manythousands ofmiles
1.How manycategories arethere inwater transportA.2B.3C.4D.Not availableintheparagraph
2.What aretransported mainlyby waterA.Raw materialsB.Heavy bulkyandlowvalue commoditiesC.Semi-processedD.Great amountgoods
3.What isthe meaning“speedisnotofprimaryimportance”A.Speed isimportantB.Speed isnot importantC.Speed ismainly importantD.Speed isnot firstimportant
4.Which areaisthemost commoditiesshipped inwater transportA.In internationaldeep seaB.In lakesC.In riverand canalsD.Coastal ocean
5.How longisthehaul forinternationaldeep-sea movementusuallyA.Very longB.Ten thousandsof milesC.Thousands ofmilesD.Thousands ofkilometers二十四In practice,thetermslogistics andsupplychainmanagement”are nowusedinterchangably,sotheInstitute oflogisticscangive thefollowing definitions:Logistics isthe timerelated positioningof resources,orthestrategic managementof thetotalsupplychain.The supplychainisa sequenceof eventsintended tosatisfy acustomer.It caninclude procurement,manufacture,distribution andwaste disposal,together withassociatedtransport,storage andinformationtechnology.With thisbroad definition,logistics isinherently linkedto otheroperations andcaninclude-oratleast affect-almost everyfunction withinan organization.This approachis consistentwith theprocess focusadopted bymany organizations,whichno longersee themselvesas supplyingproducts,but asusingaprocess tosatisfy customerdemand.Logistics isa keypart ofthis integratedprocess.The lateststage of integration inlogistics is“quick response,that evolvedinto efficientCustomerresponse”ECR.This linksthe separatestages ofthe supplychain,so thatacustomer buyinga productfrom aretailer automaticallysends amessage backthrough thechainto triggera responsefromthemanufacturer and other suppliers.For example,when acustomerbuys apair of jeans inclothes shop,the EPOSsystem automaticallysends amessageback tothe wholesalerto saythat thestock needsreplenishing,then backto themanufacturerto saythatitis timetomakeanother pairofjeans,and backto suppliersto saythat they shoulddeliver materialstothemanufacturer.This resultisafocus ontheconsumer,the developmentof partnerrelationshipbetweenretailers andtheir suppliersandan increasedintegrationofthe supplychain,
1.The logisticsisthesameasSCM.Is itcorrectA.yesB.notC.partly sameD.no mention
2.Thcrc arcverycloserelations between thelogistics and SCMDo youthink soA.Yes,I doB.No,I dontC.They aredifferentD.Same things
3.What isthe meaningoflogisticsis keypart ofthis integration process”A.Logistics isfirst figureinthe integration processB.Logistics isthe wholebody totheintegrationprocessC.Logistics isvery importanttotheintegration processD.Logistics iscore parttotheintegrationprocess4,The ideaofintegrationisnotseparately betweenthe businessfunctions.Is itcorrectA.YesB.NotC.Not totaltrueD.I dontknow
5.The ideaof SCM is totrytoreduce costand seekthe highestcompetition abilityin thewholelinkage.Do youagreeA.YesB.NotC.No mentionD.Not enough
（二十五）Motor carrierstransport over75percent ofthe tonnageof agriculturalproducts,manymanufactured productsand consumergoods.Usually anefficient motorcarrier cancompetewith anair andrail carrieron door-to-door servicefor anysize shipmentif thedistanceinvoloved is1,000miles orless.This isbecause motor carriers realizegreaterefficiencies inpickup anddelivery operations.Motor carriesare moreflexibility thanother modes.Motor carrierscan usea widerangenetwork ofroads,andtransportproducts ofcarrying sizesand weightsover anydistance.Truly,motor carrierscan transportanyproduct.Their flexibilityhas enablethem tobecomethe dominantform oftransport inthe UnitedStates andin manyother partsoftheworld.In general,motor carriageoffersthecustomer fastreliable servicewith littledamage orlossin transit.Motor carriersgive muchfaster thanrailroad andcompare favorablywith aircarrierson shorthauls.Many motorcarriers,particularly thoseinvolvedin’just-in-time“programs,operate ina scheduledtimetable.This resultsin veryshort andreliabletransit time.Loss anddamage ratiosfor motorare substantiallylower than for railandare slightlyhigher thanfor airfreight.No othermode canprovidethemarket coverageofferedby motorcarriers.The amountof freighttransported bymotorcarriershas steadilyoverthe years.That trendislikely tocontinue intheyearsahead.As longas itis ableto providefast,efficient serviceatrates betweenthose offeredby railandair,the motorcarriage industrywillcontinuetoprosper.l.What arethe advantagesfor motortransportationA.Door-to-door serviceB.FastC.FlexibilityD.AandC
2.How longistheeconomic distancefor motorA.750milesB.1000kmC.1000miles orlessD.200km
3.Loss anddamager rationfor motorare lowerthan anyothermodes.Is itcorrectA.YesB.DependC.NotD.I dontknow4Motor transporthas thebiggest marketshare intheparagraphIs ittrue ornorA.YesB.NotC.Not clearD.No mention5What isthe meaningof shorthauls”A.Near wayB.The distanceisnotlongC.Direct lineD.Short road
（二十六）Nowadays,everyone talksabort thelogisticsandit seemsthatthelogisticsisimportant tothecity ofShenzhen intheeconomicfield.But whatisthelogistics Howdoes itoperateIn thesimple way,thelogisticsistheefficient managementofthe flow of goods fromsupplierto customer.It containsthree points:l.The flow of goodsGoodsisthesamemeaningas commodity,materials,valuable thingswhich canbe boughtandsold.Flow meansmovement.The flowofgoodsmust betransported bytruck,train,ship,even aircraft.
2.The directionoftheflowofgoodsIn themarket,buyers andsellers arethetwosides inthe deal.Buyers arethecustomers,sellers arethesuppliers.When thedeal finished,suppliers shouldarrange thegoods movedto customers,orinother way,goods transportedtocustomers.
3.The efficientmanagementThe flowofgoodsmustbein lowcost,exact andon time,it cantwaste customersmoney,energyand time.So,theflowofgoodsmustbecontrolled bythe hardwareand software.The hardwareis logisticsfacilities,like port,warehouse andtransportation equipment.Thesoftware isinformation systemand standardization.
1.Does allmovement ofthings belongtothe logisticsA.YesB.NotC.DependD.Hard tosay
2.The flowofgoodsmay occurautomatically.Is itcorrectA.YesB.Sometimes yes,sometimes notC.Not mentionedintheessayD.It isnt
2.Buyer andseller arethesameside inthesales.Is ittrue ornotA.YesB.NotC.DependD.I cantfind itintheabove page
3.Efficient isthesamemeaningofresource saved.It iscorrect ornotA.YesB.NotC.Not enoughD.Different sense4,The logisticsisapartofthe serviceindustry,orthethird industry.Is ita factA.Not clearby nowB.NotC.YesD.To beclassified
（二十七）Materials,which islow cast,strong,good resistanttowater,acid andsoon.Wood hasbecomethelessproportionbecauseofenvironmentalprotection.It isusedtomake thewoodenbox..Metal,exactly aluminumistomake cansfor drinks,like COCA-COLA,which iseasy torecycle.Glass ismainly usedto fillthe liquid,like chemicalproducts andliquors.Packaging techniqueistoadopt severalpacking methodsandcontainersto protectgoods.For example,protection fromdamage andvibrationisthebasicpackagingmethod.Protection containershave alot,suchasbag,box,can,bottle andbarrel.
1.Packaging isnot apartoflogistics.Is ittrue ornotA.NotB.YesC.No relationD.Sometime yes,sometime not.
2.Thc mainfunctionofpackaging istoprotectgoods.Do youagreeA.YesB.NotC.DifferentD.Same
3.There aretwo categoriesofpackaging.Is ita factA.distribution logisticsB.joint distributionC.distributioncenterD.join distribution集货（）
12.A.sortingB.order pickingC.goods collectionD.assembly流通加工（）
13.A.distribution processingB.transportation processingC.delivery processingD.shipping delivery冷链（）
14.A.cold weatherB.cold beltC.supply chainD.cold chain检验（）
15.A.inspectionB.supervisionC.introductionD.production中性包装是（）
16.A.neutral packingB.middle packageC.half packingD.sales package.“门到门”是（）17A.from beginningto endB.door todoorC.door todoor transportD.door-to-door（）
18.FCL FullContainer load满箱负载A.满箱负荷B.整箱货C.整箱运输D.搬运是（）
19.A.move andtransportB.carry andmoreC.handling/carryingD.holding/movingA.MoreB.Only oneC.NotD.Yes
4.Packaging materialand techniqueare equalimportanttopackaging technology.Do youagreeA.DifferentB.Same effectC.YesD.Not
5.Packaging techniqueisthepackage shape.Is ita factA.YesB.NotC.I dontknowD.No mentionin it.
（二十八）What isthemaindifference betweenthe traditional logisticsandthe modernone Before1970,there wasno“logistics”asthebusiness word.Transportation andstorage representedtheflowofgoods,like rawmaterials inand outof factory,andsoon.Any truckcompany orwarehousewas anindependent unittohandlethegoods.Recently,exactly in1973,thegreat changeshappened inthe field.First,containerization transportationhasbecomethemost importantroleinthe oceantransport.Container asa loading andunloadingunit isveryconvenient.Before that,10,000tons shipshould befilled in48hours.After thecontaineradopter,35,000tons containership canbeloadedin eighthours.It isa revolutioninthe transportation!And more,containerization linksall functions,making package,loadingandunloading,transport,storageanddistribution asan integration.In thispoint,thelogisticscame asanewpart inthe commerce.Secondly,computer technologyhelps thelogisticsgreatly.When theinformationsystemwas introducedinlogistics,we findit isveryeasy tooperate,save usalotof moneyandtime.I thinkyou havegot theanswer already.
1.Traditional logisticsisthesameasthe modernone.Is ittrue ornotA.NotB.YesC.Cant compareD.No practicalvalue
2.What maketraditionallogisticsupgrading modemoneA.Information technologyandmodernshipB.Container shipsand trucksC.Containerization andinformation technologyD.Container andcomputer
3.Containerization isnot arevolution but a transportationmethod.What isyour opinionA.I agree.B.It isonly astory.C.It isonly a kindoftechnology.D.It isa realrevolutiontothelogistics.
4.What isthe meaningof integrationA.Putting together.B.Holding oneby one.C.Putting someelements intoawholelinkage.D.Connecting twoormorethings.
5.What isthe usageofinformationsystemtothelogisticsA.To provideinformation.B.Recording ofinformation.C.Transmitting information.D.To manageandcontroltheoperationofthelogistics.
（二十九）Managers offorms involvedininternationalmarkers mustbe awareofthedifferenttransport services,costs andavailability oftransportmodesinthecountries wheretheytrade theirproducts.The differencesbetween nationscanbedue taxes,subsidies,regulations,government ownershipof carriers,and otherfactors.Rail servicein Europeis usuallymuch betterthaninthe UnitedStates,because equipment,track,and facilitiesareinbetter conditiondue tothe governmentequipment andorsubsidies oftherailsystem.Japan andEurope utilizewatercarriagetoa much largedegreethan UnitedStates orCanada.Due tothelengthand favorablecharacteristics ofcoastlinesand inlandwaterways,watertransportisavital alternativefor manyshippers.Manycompanies shippingbetween orwithin theborders offoreign countriesneedtothoroughlytransport alternatives,costs,and services.International transportationcosts generallyrepresentamuchhigher fractionof merchandisevalue thanisthecase indomestictransportation.The mainreasonsarethe longerdistances involvedandtheneedtouseinternational transportationsystem,with theconsequent re-handling.Internationaltransportation ismush morecommon ininternational movements,andeventhoughre-handling costsare higherthanforsingle modemovements,cost savingand serviceimprovementscan result.For example,there arethree basicforms ofinternationaldistribution,i.e.1Land-bridge,2Mini-land-bridge alsocalled mini-bridge and3Micro-bridge.In markingtraffic andtransportation decisions,thelogisticsmanager mustconsider thedifferencesbetweenthedomesticandinternational markets.Modal availability,rates,regulatory restrictions,service levels,andotheraspects ofthe transportationmix mayvarysignificantly fromone marketto anthers.It isvital thatthe differencesbe knowandunderstood sothat anoptimal transportationnetworkcanbe establishedfor eachinternationalmarket.见P
771.If youmake differenttrade indifferent countries,you musttake differenttransportmodes.Is itcorrectA.YesB.NotC.It mustbe basedoncost.D.Not mentionintheparagraph.
2.Where istherailservice betterthan U.SA.CanadaB.EuropeC.JapanD.Nowhere
3.Which doesit costmuch,international transportationordomesticoneA.International transportB.Domestic transportC.BothD.Different country,different cost
4.Re-handling cansave costand improveservice.Is ittrue ornotA.WrongB.Not totaltrueC.TrueD.Not clearhere
5.What isthemostimportant whenthe freightis decidedA.RateB.Modal availabilityC.Service levelD.The distanceofmarket
（三十）
1.All productsare madeby linkedsuppliers,just likeakindof chain.
2.Every supplieriscustomer atthesametimeandcontrolled byits upsupplier,then againcontrols itsdowncustomer.
3.The relationbetweenthetwo suppliersis competitiveand cooperative.If not,no longerterm businessor dealcanbeexisted.In otherwords,“theyareonthesame boat.
4.All themembers inthe SupplyChain shouldget profitmore orless.If theup suppliersearntotal profit,rest ofthesuppliermust loss.All thesuppliers inthesupplychain shouldbemanagementmethod,also asoftware.SCM hasseveral characters:
2.SCMissingle wayprocess,not system;
3.SCM linksall themembers,including suppliersand endcustomers,with computerprocedureand march;
4.SCM tryto getthe highestprofit onthe wholechain.SCM canbeusedin huge.
1.Is SCMa realchain,orasoftwareA.Both yesB.Both notC.The latterD.The former
2.Every supplierinthesupplychainis customers.Is ittrue ornotA.YesB.NotC.Yes,butnotsame timeD.Not mentioned.
3.SCM cantearn thebiggest profitto everymember,butawholechaincan.What isyouropinionA.I dontthink so.B.Wrong.C.SometimesD.Correct
4.We mayuse SCMin anysituation.Do youagreeA.YesB.NotC.No mentionintheparagraphD.You canguess
5.1sthelogistics sameas SCMA.YesB.NotC.Different situation.D.No mentionhere.
一二、
三、、、
四、
五六、
七、
八、
九、
十十、十一二十三十四十五六十七十八十V/k/k/V/V/v/zv/zV/V/v/zV/V/V/V/v/zVIZz.7^7^7^7^7^DA2A22ACCAB33ABA DAC55
（十九）、、、、、
（二十）、1C2C3C4B5B
1、、、、
（二）、、、D2B3D4A5C H-1D2C
3、C4B
（二十二）、、、、、
（二十三）1C2D3A4B5B、、、、、
（二十四）、、1C2B3D4D5C1B2A、、、
（二十五）、、、、3D4A5A1D2C3A4A、
（二十六）、、、、、（二5B1A2A3B4C5A十七）、、、、、
（二十八）、1A2B3D4B5C
1、、、、
（二十九）、、、A2C3D4C5D1A2B
3、、A4A5D
（三十）、、、、、1C2A3D4B5A储存是（）
20.A.safeB.storeC.storingD.inventory检验是（）
21.A.examineB.textC.inspectD.inspection包装是（）
22.A.package/packagingB.boxingC.packingD.wrapping联合运输是（）
23.A.condition transportB.unite transportC.combined transportD.joint transport集装运输是（）
24.A.containerized transportB.container transportC.continue transport、、、、、、、、、1B2C3C4B5A6D7A8A9B
10、B IkB
12、C
13、A
14、D
15、A
16、A
17、D
18、C
19、C
20、C
21、D
22、A
23、C
24、BD.union transport物流技术装备与设施术语
3.L3I I知识要点有关术语详见教材第页8-11||典型习题|自动化仓库（）
1.A.automatic warehouseB.stereoscopic warehouseC.virtual warehouseD.boned warehouse海关监管货物（）
2.A.export supervisedwarehouseB.receiving spaceC.shipping spaceD.cargo undercustomssupervision控湿储存区（）
3.A.chill spaceB.freeze spaceC.humidity controlled space temperatureD.controlledspace发货区（）
4.A.receiving spaceB.goods spaceC.shipping spaceD.delivery space.货场（）5A.goods shedB.goods yardC.goods shelfD.goods stacking自动导引车（）
6.A.fork lifttruckB.box car（）C.Automatic GuidedVehicle AGVD.conveyor公路集装箱中转站（）
7.A.railway containeryardB.container terminalC.container freightstationD.inland containerdepot国际多式联运（）
8.A.land bridgetransportB.liner transportC.international multimodaltransportD.international throughrailway transport国际货运代理（）
9.A.international freightforwarding agentB.international transportationcargo insuranceC.shipping bycharteringD.shipping agency报关行（）
10.A.customs brokerB.customs declarationC.commodity inspectionD.tally.保税仓库是（）11A.tax freewarehouseB.no taxwarehouseC.transfer exportwarehouseD.boned warehouse仓库是（）
12.A.storehouseB.ware houseC.wareroomD.warehouse自动化仓库（）
13.A.automatic warehouseB.automatic storehouseC.electronic warehouseD.computerized warehouse输送机是（）
14.A.transport machineB.transport beltC.beltD.conveyor理货是（）
15.A.arrangement goodsB.handling goodsC.inspecting goodD.tally国际货物运输保险是（）
16.A.insurance forinternational transportB.international transportationcargo insuranceC.international cargoinsuranceD.international insurancefor cargo换算箱是（）
17.A.standard containerB.Twenty feetcontainerC.TEUD.TEU container全集装箱船是（）
18.A.full containershipB.all ofcontainer shipC.shipoffull containerD.ship forcontainers大陆桥运输是（）
19.A.continental transportB.continentalbridgetransportC.land transportby railwayD.land bridgetransport船务代理是（）
20.A.ship agentB.shipping agentC.shipping agencyD.shipping broken铁路集装箱场是（）
21.A.railway containerwarehouseB.railway containersiteC.railway containeryardD.railway yard货架是（）
22.A.goods shelfB.shelfC.good storeD.good frame
1、A
2、D
3、C
4、C
5、B
6、（
7、D
8、C
9、A、、、、、、、、10A11D12D13A14D15D16B17C、、、、、物流管理术语18A19D2C21A22CI I知识要点有关术语详见教材第页11-13||典型习题|物流战略管理（）
1.A.logistics strategyB.logistics strategymanagementC.warehouse managementD.warehouse layout定量订货方式（）
2.（）A.EconomicOrderQuantity EOQ（）B.Electronic OrderSystem EOS（）C.Fixed QuantitySystem FQS（）D.Fixed IntervalSystem FIS准时制物流（）
3.（）A.Just-in-time JITB.Just-in-time logisticsC.zero-inventory logisticsD.logistics costcontrol。
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