《计算机专业英语（第3版）》 教案 张强华 u1 Computer Hardware--- u5 Operating Systems

《计算机专业英语（第版）》3电子教案任课部门_____________任课教师_____________教学班级_____________课文概述Text AThe article provides an overview of software,its differenttypes,and itsrole in computer systems.Software is the variablepart of a computer system,while hardwarerefers to the physicalaspects.Itcan becategorized into application software,which includesprograms thatdirectly benefitusers,and system software,which includesoperating systems and programs that supportapplications.Middleware isprogramming thatmediates between application andsystem software.Utilitysoftware is a smallprogram withlimited capability,often separatelyinstallable and usedindependently from the operating system.Applets aresmall applicationsthat can be partof theoperating system or created independentlyusing programming languages likeJava.Software canbeacquired throughvarious means,including purchasing,shareware,freeware,public domain,and open source.It can be distributedthrough CD-ROMs ordownloaded from the internet.Theemergence of application serviceproviders allowssoftware to be usedat remotesites.The articlethendiscusses differenttypes of software inmore detail.Operating systemsmanage otherprogramsin a computer andprovide servicesto applications.They handlemultitasking,memorymanagement,input/output,and otherfunctions.Application softwareencompasses variousprogramsthat performtasks beyondrunning the computer itself.Examples includeaccountingsoftware,media players,and officesuites.It can be bundledwith the computer orpublishedseparately.Applications can be horizontalwidespread orvertical designed for specificindustriesor departments.Middleware acts as amediator between different programs andfacilitates communication.It canprovide messagingservices and enable enterpriseapplicationintegration.Firmware combinesprogram code and datastored inpersistent memory in electronicsystems.It isfound in devices likeembedded systems,computers,and digitalcameras.Firmwarecontrols thedevices functions and maybe updatedto fixbugs or add features.Overall,the articleprovides a comprehensive overview of software,its differenttypes,and itssignificance incomputer systems.analytical adj.:relating toor involvinganalysis,examination,or investigation重点单词Text Ae.g.The analyticalsoftware helpsidentify patternsand trendsin largedatasets.讲解applet n.:a smallapplication or program thatperforms a specific taskwithin a larger softwareprogram or systeme.g.The appletallows users to calculateand tracktheir dailycaloric intake.application n.:a softwareprogram orpiece of software designed for a specific purpose or taske.g.The photo editing application allows users to enhanceand modifytheir images.batch n.:a collection of jobsor tasksthat areprocessed orexecuted together as agroup e.g.Thebatch processingsystem allows for the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks.boot v.:to startup orinitialize a computer systemby loadingthe necessarysoftware andoperating systeme.g.I need to rebootmy computerto installthe latestupdates.bug n.:a flawor errorin a computer program or system that causesit tomalfunction orproduceincorrect resultse.g.The softwaredeveloper fixedthe bugin the latest softwareupdate.compile vt.:to convertsource code into machine code orexecutable formby a compiler e.g.Theprogrammer needs to compilethe codebefore it can berun on the computer.delivery n.:the actof sendingor transmittingsomething,such asdata orinformation,to arecipiente.g.The emailserver handlesthe deliveryof incomingand outgoingmessages.download v.:to transferdata orfiles from a remotecomputer orserver to a localdevice orcomputere.g.I needto downloadthe softwareinstallation filefrom the website.Email n.:electronic mail,a systemfor sendingand receivingmessages overcomputer networkse.g.I receivedan emailwith themeeting agendaand attachments.firmware n.:the softwareor programminginstructions that are permanentlystored in a computerorelectronic devicee.g.The firmwareupdate improves the performanceand functionalityof thedevice.freeware n.:software that is available for useor distributionwithout chargee.g.The freewareapplication allows users to edit andmanipulate images.interface n.:the pointof interactionor communicationbetweena computer system or deviceandits usere.g.The userinterface of the software is intuitiveand easyto navigate.middleware n.:software that actsas a bridgeor intermediarybetween different applications,systems,or componentse.g.The middlewareenables communication and dataexchange between the databaseand thewebserver.port n.:a physicalor virtualconnection pointon a computer or device for connecting peripheraldevicese.g.The laptophas multipleUSB portsforconnectingexternal devices.security n.:measures orprecautions takento protectcomputer systems,data,and informationfromunauthorized access,use,or damagee.g.The securitysystem includesfirewalls,encryption,and userauthentication.shareware n.:software that is distributedfor useon atrial basisor withlimited functionality,often requiringpayment forfull accesse.g.The sharewareprogram allows users totest itsfeatures beforedeciding topurchase thefullversion.simulate vt.:to imitateor replicatethe behavioror characteristicsof somethingusing a computeror othertechnologye.g.The flightsimulator allowspilots topractice andsimulate differentflight scenarios.software n.:programs,data,or instructions that arestored electronicallyand can be executed bya computere.g.The softwareenables users toedit documents,create spreadsheets,and browsethe internet.重点词组Text Aapplication program:a softwareprogram designed to performspecific tasks or functionsforthe user讲解e.g.The wordprocessing applicationprogram allows users to create andedit documents.application software:software designed to performspecific tasks or functionsfor the user,such aswordprocessing,accounting,or gaminge.g.The companyprovides asuite of application softwarefor projectmanagement andcollaboration.data flow:the movementof data from onelocation toanother within a computer system orbetween different systemse.g.The dataflow diagramillustrates howinformation isprocessed and transferred in the system.embedded system:a computersystemordevice designed for a specific purposeor function,typically with a dedicatedfunction andlimited userinterfacee.g.The embeddedsystem controls the temperatureand humidityin thegreenhouse.opensource:referring tosoftware that is freelyavailablefor use,modification,and distribution,with the source codeaccessible to the publice.g.The open-source softwarecommunity encouragescollaboration andsharing of code.parallel processing:thesimultaneousexecution of multiple tasksor instructionsby dividingtheminto smallerparts andprocessing themat the same timee.g.Parallel processingimproves thespeed andefficiency ofcomputations.programming language:a formallanguage used to writeinstructions orcode that can be executedby a computere.g.Java andPython are examples ofhigh-level programming languages.system software:software thatprovides thefoundation andessential functionsfor a computersystem tooperate,such as the operating system andutility programse.g.The systemsoftware managesthe hardwareresources and provides aplatform forrunningapplication software.API ApplicationProgram Interface:a set of rulesand protocolsthat allowsdifferent software重点缩写Text Aapplicationsto communicatewith eachother讲解e.g.The APIprovides developerswith a way to access andintegrate functionalityfromother softwareservices.CRM CustomerRelationship Management:a systemor strategyused bybusinesses to manageand analyzeinteractions withcustomers andimprove relationshipse.g.The CRMsystem trackscustomer interactions,manages salesleads,and provides analytics formarketingcampaigns.EPROM ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memory:a type of memory that can be erasedandreprogrammed multipletimese.g.The EPROMis commonly used forfirmware storageindevices that requireoccasionalupdates.GUI GraphicalUser Interface:a visualinterface that allows users to interactwith a computer orsoftwareusing graphicalelements such as windows,buttons,and iconse.g.The GUIof theoperating system makesit easyfor users to navigate and performtasks with the help of visualelements.HTML HyperTextMarkup Language:a language used forcreating andstructuring web pagese.g.HTML is used todefine the structure andcontent of web pages,including text,images,andlinks.课文Text A详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BThe article provides an overview of the software development process,also knownasthe softwaredevelopment life cycle SDLC.It discusses different modelsand methodologiesused in softwaredevelopment.The software development processis a structured approachto developingsoftwareproducts.It can be considereda subsetof the systems developmentlifecycleSDLC.The articlementions that thereare severalmodels for the software development process,each describingdifferenttasksoractivities thattake placeduring development.The articlealso highlights theimportance ofeffective projectmanagement insoftware developmentto ensureprojects aredeliveredon timeand withinbudget.It mentions the roleofsoftware engineering processgroupsin facilitatingprocess improvementwithin organizations.The software development processinvolvesvarious activities,including planning,implementation,testing,documenting,deployment,and maintenance.Planning involvesgathering requirementsand creatinga scopedocument.Implementation involvesprogramming,while testingensures the softwareisfree ofdefects.Documentation isdone throughoutdevelopment,and deploymentinvolves installationandcustomization.Maintenance involvesenhancing and maintaining the software tomeetchanging requirements.The articlediscussesdifferentsoftware developmentmodels,includingthe waterfall model,which followsa linearsequence ofphases,and thespiral model,whichemphasizes riskmanagement.It also mentions iterativeand incrementaldevelopment,where thesystem is developed in cycles,and agiledevelopment,which focuses on flexibilityand continuousfeedback.Rapid applicationdevelopment RADis anothermodel mentioned,which usesminimalplanning andemphasizes rapidprototyping.The codeand fixapproach,characterized byimmediate coding and fixing bugs later,is alsomentioned.Overall,the article providesacomprehensive overviewof thesoftware developmentprocess,its differentmodels,and theactivities involved in each phase.重点单词Text Befficiency n.:the ability to accomplisha taskor goalwith theleast amount of wastedtime,effort,or resources讲解e.g.The newsoftware systemimprovestheefficiency of data processing and analysis.evaluation n.:the process of assessingor examiningsomething todetermine itsquality,effectiveness,or valuee.g.The evaluationof theprojects successis based on variousperformance metrics.feedback n.:information orresponses providedin responsetoarequest oras aresult of an actionorevente.g.The customerfeedback helpedidentify areasfor improvementin theproduct design.initialization n.:the processof settingthe initialvalues orconfiguration of a computersystem orprograme.g.The initializationof thesoftware includesselecting preferencesand enteringuser information.modularity n.:the qualityor stateof beingcomposed ofseparate andindependent modulesorcomponentse.g.The softwaresmodularity allows for easyupdates and additions ofnew features.verification n.:the processof confirmingor establishingthe truth,accuracy,or validityofsomethinge.g.The verificationof the users identityis requiredbefore grantingaccess to thesystem.重点词组Text Bdata model:a conceptualrepresentation or structure thatdescribes how data isorganized,stored,and accessedin a database orinformation system讲解e.g.The datamodel definesthe relationships betweendifferententities in the database.requirements analysis:the processof identifyingand understandingthe needsand expectationsofusers orstakeholders for a software systeme.g.The requirements analysis phasehelps define the scopeand functionalityof thesoftwareproject.requirements specification:the formaldocument thatdescribes thedetailed specificationsandrequirements fora softwaresysteme.g.The requirementsspecification includesfunctional andnon-functional requirementsof thesoftware.software developmentprocess:the setof activitiesand stepsinvolved indesigning,creating,andmaintaining software systems orapplicationse.g.The softwaredevelopmentprocessincludes requirements gathering,design,coding,testing,and deployment.software testing:the processof evaluatingand verifyingthe functionality,performance,andquality of a softwaresysteme.g.The softwaretesting phaseidentifies andresolves anydefects orissues beforethe finalrelease.waterfallmodel:a sequentialsoftwaredevelopmentmodel whereeachphaseof theproject iscompletedbefore movingon to the nextphasee.g.The waterfallmodel followsa linearsequence ofrequirementsanalysis,design,coding,testing,and deployment.课文Text B详见PPT讲解及翻译RAD RapidApplication Development:a softwaredevelopment methodologythat emphasizes重点缩写Text Biterativedevelopment andquick prototyping讲解e.g.RAD allows for fasterdevelopment anddeployment ofsoftware applicationsby focusing onuser feedbackand continuousimprovement.SDLC SoftwareDevelopment Life-Cycle:the processor methodologyused todevelop andmanagesoftware projectsfrom inceptionto deploymentand maintenancee.g.The SDLCincludes phasessuch asrequirementsgathering,design,development,testing,deployment,and maintenance.详见课本Word Building详见课本Career TrainingProgramdesign is the processof creatinga setof orderedoperations fora computerto perform.A课文概述Text Aprogram is asequence of instructions that a computerfollows,typically stored in amemory area.Programs can be interactiveor batch,depending on their interactionwith users.When creatingaprogram,it iswritten in a computerlanguage and then compiledinto an object program,whichcontains machine language instructions.Structured programming,also knownas modularprogramming,enforces a logical structureon programsto makethem moreefficient and easier tounderstand.The programflow followsa hierarchicalmodel and uses loopingconstructs.Compilers arespecial programsthat processstatements written in a programming language andconvert them into machine language.Interpreters,on theother hand,execute instructionswrittenin a high-level languagedirectly.High-level languagesare closer to humanlanguages andareeasier toread,write,andmaintaincompared to low-level languages.Scripting languagesarehigh-level programming languages that are interpretedat runtime,commonly used to addfunctionalityto webpages.重点单词Text Acompilationn.:the processof convertingsource code into machinecode orexecutable formby a讲解compilere.g.The compilationof the program takesa fewminutes tocomplete.developer n.:a personor companythat designs,creates,or constructssoftware,applications,orsystemse.g.The softwaredeveloper is responsible forcodingandtesting new features.editor n.:a softwareprogramortool used toedit,modify,or manipulatetext orcodee.g.The texteditor allows usersto write andeditdocumentsin variousprogramminglanguages.execute vt.:to carryout orperform acommand,instruction,or taskon a computer e.g.Thecomputer executesthe programcode line by line.modify vt.:to makechanges oralterations tosomething,such ascode or settings e.g.Theprogrammer needs to modifythe algorithmto improveits efficiency.module n.:a self-contained unitor component of a larger systemor programe.g.The softwaresystem consists ofmultiplemodules thatwork togetherto performdifferentfunctions.procedural adj.:relating toor involvinga setof step-by-step instructions or procedurese.g.Theprocedural programminglanguage focuseson definingand executingsequences of steps.script n.:a seriesof instructions or commandswritten in a programminglanguage that can beexecuted by a computere.g.The scriptautomates the processof data extraction and analysis.statement n.:a lineor group of linesof codein a program thatperforms a specific actionoroperatione.g.The ifstatement checksa condition and executesa blockofcodebased on the result.重点词组Text Abatch program:a programorsetof instructionsthat is designed to be executedwithout userinteraction,often processingalargevolume of data ortasks讲解e.g.The batchprogram automaticallygenerates reportsbasedon the data in the database.Java virtual machine:a softwareimplementation thatprovidesaruntime environmentforexecuting Javabytecodee.g.The Javavirtualmachinetranslates Javabytecode into machinecode that canbeexecuted bythe computer.just-in-time compiler:a compilerthat translatescodeinto machine languageat runtime,optimizing performanceby compilingonly the necessary partsof the code e.g.The just-in-timecompiler improvesthe executionspeed ofJava programs.machine language:the lowest-level programminglanguage consistingof binaryinstructions thatcanbe directlyexecutedby a computers hardwaree.g.The machinelanguage instructionsare representedby binary digits.object code:the machine-readable codeproduced by acompiler or assemblerfrom thesourcecode,ready forexecutione.g.The objectcode isloaded intomemory andexecutedbythe computer.object module:a compiled or assembledunit ofcode that canbecombined with other modulestocreate a complete programe.g.The objectmodule contains the compiledfunctionsandprocedures of the program.object-oriented programming:a programmingparadigm that organizes codearound objects,which encapsulatedata and behaviore.g.In object-oriented programming,classes definethe structureandbehaviorof objects.page description language:a computerlanguage used to describethe layoutand formattingof adocumentor pagee.g.PostScript is a pagedescriptionlanguage commonly used in desktoppublishing.scripting language:a programminglanguage designedfor writingscripts orsmall programsthatautomate specific taskse.g.JavaScript is a popularscripting language used forweb development.source program:the human-readable code written by a programmer,which isthen compiledorinterpreted into machine codee.g.The sourceprogramiswrittenin a programminglanguage likeC++or Python.storage area:a designatedlocation orregion in a computers memory or storage devicefor storingandretrieving datae.g.The storagearea holdsthe files and dataneeded bythe computersystem.structured programming:a programmingapproach thatemphasizes the use ofstructured controlflowconstructs,such asloops andconditionals,to improvecode readability and maintainabilitye.g.Structured programmingreduces thecomplexity ofcodeandenhances itscomprehensibility.webpage:a documentor resourceon theWorld WideWeb that canbeaccessed and viewedthrough aweb browsere.g.The webpage displaysinformation about the companysproducts andservices.重点缩写Text AASPActive ServerPage:a server-side scriptingtechnology used to createdynamic webpages讲解and applicationse.g.ASP allows fortheintegration ofserver-side scriptswith HTMLcontent togenerate dynamicwebpages.OOP Object-Oriented Programming:a programmingparadigm thatorganizes codearoundobjects,which encapsulatedata andbehaviore.g.OOP allows for codereusability,modularity,andeasiermaintenance ofsoftware systems.课文Text A详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BDatarefers todistinct piecesof information thatcanbe formattedin variousways.It canexist indifferentforms,such asnumbers,text,or factsstored in memory.Data canbe manipulatedbyprograms,which arecollections of instructions.Data structures are specificways ofstoring andorganizingdata in a computerfor efficientuse.Different types of data structuresaresuited fordifferentapplications,and theyprovide ameans tomanage large amounts of data efficiently.Examples of data structuresinclude arrays,records,hash tables,and graphs.A databaseis acollection of organizedinformation thatcanbequickly accessedby a computer program.Traditional databasesare organizedby fields,records,and files,while hypertextdatabases allowanyobject to be linked to anyother object.A database management systemDBMS isused toenter,organize,and selectdata from a database.A databasemanagement system is a collection ofprogramsthat enablethe storage,modification,and extractionof informationfrom a database.DBMSs canrange fromsmall systemsto largesystemsand can differin howthey internallyorganizeinformation.Queries are used torequest informationfroma database,and querylanguageslike SQLareused for thispurpose.The informationfroma database canbe presentedindifferent formats,such asreports orgraphs.A relationaldatabasemanagement system RDBMSisa type of DBMSthat stores data in the formof relatedtables.Relational databasesprovideflexibility inhowdata is relatedand extracted,anda single databasecanbespread across multipletables.RDBMSs arecommonly used in full-scale databasesystems.define vt.:to givea precisemeaning orexplanation of a term,concept,or variable,e.g.The重点单词Text Bprogrammer needstodefinethevariables beforeusing themin theprogram.讲解factor n.:a circumstance,condition,or variablethat contributestoaresult oroutcome.e.g.The speedof the computer isaffected byvarious factors,including the processor andmemory.float n.:adata type in computer programmingthat representsnumbers with decimal places.e.g.The floatvariable stores the valuewithdecimalprecision.hypertext n.:text thatincludes linksto otherdocuments or resources,allowing usersto navigateandaccess information non-linearly.e.g.The websiteuses hypertextto provideadditional informationthrough clickablelinks.identifier n.:a nameor symbolused to identify a variable,function,or otherelement in aprogram.e.g.The identifiernxn isused to represent thevalue of a variablein the code.index n.:a listor databasethat mapsdata orinformation toa specificlocation orreference.e.g.The indexallows forquick andefficient retrieval of datafrom the database.metadata n.:data orinformationthatdescribes orprovides additionalcontext aboutother data orinformation.e.g.The metadata includes theauthor,date,and filesize of a document.pointer n.:avariable or data type that stores thememory addressof anothervariableordata.e.g.The pointerpoints tothe locationinmemorywhere thedatais stored.data dictionary:a repositoryor databasethatstoresmetadata andinformation aboutthedata重点词组Text Belements,structures,and relationshipsin a database.讲解e.g.The datadictionary providesa centralizedsource of information aboutthe databaseschema.data field:a specificpart or element within adatarecord orstructure thatholds a single pieceofinformation.e.g.The datafield storesthe customersname in the database.data file:a filethat containsdata organizedand stored in a specific formatfor easyaccess andretrieval.e.g.The data file storesthe salesrecords forthe pastyear.datastructure:awayof organizingand storingdata in a computersmemory orstorage system tofacilitate efficientoperations andaccess.e.g.The linkedlist isa commonly used datastructure in programming.hash table:adatastructure thatuses ahash functionto mapkeys tovalues,providing efficientaccess and retrieval of data.教学目标通过对专业英语的学习，掌握相关的英语词汇，具有阅读专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟通教学重点）学习计算机专业核心词汇；）掌握阅读技巧；）具备一定的计算机专业翻译能力123综合使用讲授法、讨论法、练习法、读书指导法以及任务驱动法教学方法）课文概述教学过程1）词汇学习（详见教学内容）2）（详见教学内容）3Notes）课文讲解4）作业5）教学扩展6作业【】、［］和［为必做题，【】为选做题Exl.Ex

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4.扫码课文旁的二维码，听课文学习在线资源教学扩展1Word Building2Career Training软件水平考试试题解析3e.g.The hashtable allowsfor fastlookup and retrieval ofdata basedon akey.index file:afilethat containsan indexor list of keyterms orvalues,pointing tothe locationsorpositions ofcorresponding data in anotherfile.e.g.The indexfile helpsin quicksearching andretrievalofdatafromalargedatabase.query language:a programminglanguage orsyntax used to retrieve,manipulate,and managedatain a databasee.g.SQL StructuredQuery Languageisapopular querylanguageused for databasemanagement.重点缩写Text BB-tree BinaryTree:adatastructure used for efficientstorage andretrievalofdatain a讲解hierarchical mannere.g.B-trees arecommonly usedin databasesto indexand searchlargeamountsofdata.DBMS Database Management System:software that manages andorganizes databases,including storing,retrieving,and manipulatingdatae.g.The DBMSallows userstocreate,update,and querydatabases usinga structuredand efficientapproach.RDBMS RelationalDatabaseManagementSystem:a typeof DBMSthatorganizes data intotableswith predefinedrelationships between them.e.g.MySQL andOracle areexamples ofpopular RDBMSused tomanage relationaldatabases.SQL StructuredQuery Language:a programminglanguageusedtomanageand manipulaterelationaldatabases.e.g.SQL isusedto perform operationssuch asquerying,updating,and deletingdataina database.Text B课文讲解及详见PPT翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training课文概述Text AAprogramminglanguageisatool that allows programmersto writeprogramsthatare independentof the specificcomputer theyare runningon.High-level languages,such asC,FORTRAN,andPascal,are closerto humanlanguages andeasier toread and write comparedtolow-levellanguages likeassembly.Programs writtenin high-level languagesneedtobe translatedintomachine languageby acompileror interpreter.There arevarious high-level languagesavailable,including Ada,Algol,BASIC,COBOL,C,C++,FORTRAN,LISP,Pascal,and Prolog.Machinelanguage isthe lowest-level programminglanguage understoodby computers,consisting solelyofnumbers.Assembly languageisastep abovemachinelanguage,using namesinstead of numbersfor instructions and variables.It isclosertothe underlyingmachinelanguageand used for tasksthatrequire speedor operationsnot possiblein high-level languages.BASIC isa simplehigh-levelprogramming languagedesigned in the1960sandcommonlyused for businessapplications.COBOL,developedin thelate1950s,is primarilyused forlarge-scale businessapplications andknown for itswordiness.FORTRAN,the oldesthigh-level language,is widely usedfor scientificapplications andmathematical computations.Python isa high-level programminglanguageknown forits codereadabilityanddeveloper productivity.It isportable,has numerousbuilt-in andexternallibraries,and supportscomponent integration.Python iswidelyusedin webapplicationdevelopment,scientific andnumeric computing,GUI programming,software prototyping,andprofessional training.R isa programminglanguageandenvironment usedfor statisticalcomputation and graphics.It includes a widerange ofstatistical andgraphical methodsand ispopularamong academicinstitutions andlarge corporations.R supportsmodular programming,matrix arithmeticoperations,and hasextensive data handling andanalysis capabilities.It iscommonlyusedfordata analysisand visualization.Overall,programminglanguagesprovidedifferent features and capabilities,catering tovarious domainsand programmingneeds.array n.:an orderedcollectionofelements of thesametype,storedincomputer memorye.g.The重点单词Text Aarraystores asequence of numbers forfurther processing.讲解compiler n.:a programor software tool thattranslates source codewritteninahigh-levelprogramming languageintomachinecode thatcanbeexecutedbya computere.g.The compilerconvertsthe writtenprogram intoexecutable instructions.component n.:a partorelementthat makesup alarger systemorstructuree.g.The computersystemconsists ofvarious hardware components,such asthe processor,memory,andmotherboard.console n.:a physicalor virtualinterface that allowsusersto interactwith a computersystemorprograme.g.The consoledisplays systemmessages andallowsfor input andcommands.link n.:a connectionor relationshipbetween twoor moreelements orobjectsv.to connector jointogether.e.g.The linkbetweenthetwo webpages allowsuserstonavigate betweenthem.The programmerneedstolink thelibraries tothe mainprogram.loop n.:a programmingconstruct that repeats a setofinstructions until aspecificcondition ismete.g.The loopiterates through a list ofnumbersand performs a calculationon eachone.macro n.:a definedsequence ofinstructionsorcode thatcanbereused andexpanded inaprograme.g.The macrosimplifies thecode bygrouping commonoperations into a singlecommand.programmern.:a personwho writes,develops,and maintainssoftware programse.g.The programmeris responsible for writingthecodethat controlsthe behaviorof theapplication.prototype n.:a preliminaryor earlyversion of a productor software,usedfortesting andevaluatione.g.The prototypeallowsusersto providefeedback onthe designand functionalityof thesoftware.variable n.:a namedstorage locationina program thatholds a value thatcan changeduringexecutione.g.The variablestoresthe users input and canbe usedin calculationsor conditions.重点词组Text Aconditional loop:a loopin programmingthatrepeatsa setofinstructionsas longas aspecifiedcondition is true讲解e.g.The conditionalloop continuesto promptthe userforinputuntilavalid responseis provided.development environment:a setof tools,libraries,and softwareused bydevelopers tocreate,test,and debugsoftware applicationse.g.The development environment includesan integrateddevelopmentenvironmentIDE andcompilerfor efficientcoding.high-level language:a programminglanguage thatis designedtobeeasily understoodand writtenbyhumans,withalevel of abstraction frommachine codee.g.Python isahigh-level languageknownforits simplicityand readability.interpreted language:a programminglanguage thatis executedlinebyline throughan interpreter,converting thesource codeintomachinecode atruntimee.g.JavaScript isan interpretedlanguagecommonlyusedforweb development.recursive function:a functionthat callsitself duringits execution,often usedto solveproblemsthat canbe brokendown intosmaller subproblemse.g.The recursivefunction calculatesthe factorialof anumber bycalling itselfwith progressivelysmallernumbers.software engineering:the systematicapproach anddiscipline ofdesigning,developing,andmaintaining softwaresystemse.g.Software engineeringfocusesoncreating reliableand scalablesoftware solutions.source code:the human-readable formof a computer programwritten bya programmer,before itiscompiledorinterpreted intomachine codee.g.The source code containsthe instructions and logicthat definethe behaviorof theprogram.重点缩写Text ACOMComponent ObjectModel:a binaryinterface standardfor softwarecomponents inthe讲解Microsoft Windowsoperating systeme.g.The COMarchitecture allowsfor interoperabilityand reusabilityofsoftwarecomponents.00Object-Oriented:referring toa programmingparadigm thatorganizes codearound objects,which encapsulatedata andbehaviore.g.Java isanobject-oriented programminglanguage thatemphasizes codereusability andmodularity.USB UniversalSerial Bus:a standardinterface usedto connectand communicatebetweencomputers andexternal devicese.g.I pluggedintheUSB driveto transferfiles frommy computertotheexternal storagedevice.Text A课文讲解及详见PPT翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BAcomputer programmeris someonewho writescomputer software,either specializingin oneareaor code for various typesofsoftware.They takedesigns createdby softwaredevelopers andengineersand turnthemintosets ofinstructionsthatcomputers canfollow.This involvesdesigning,writing,testing,and maintainingthesource code of computer programs.Computerprogrammers mayalso beinvolvedincreating graphicaluser interfacesGUI andusing toolstoautomate partsof thecoding process.They mayspecialize inareas such as computer hardwareprogramming,web development,softwaredevelopment,or databasedevelopment.The workof acomputerprogrammer requires attention todetail,problem-solving skills,and the abilitytofocuson code for extendedperiods oftime.browser n.:a softwareapplication thatallowsusersto access andviewinformation onthe重点单词Text Binternet讲解e.g.I usethe browserto surftheweband searchfor information.coder n.:a personwho writesor developscodefor computer programse.g.The coderisresponsible forimplementing thealgorithm intheprogram.debug vt.:to identify and fixerrors orbugs inaprogramto ensureproper functionalitye.g.Theprogrammer needsto debugthecodeto resolvethe issuewith theprograms output.option n.:a choiceor alternativeavailable inaprogramor systeme.g.The usercan selectdifferent optionsfromthemenu tocustomize theprograms behavior.sub-routine n.:a namedsection ofcodethatperforms aspecific taskandcanbe calledor invokedfromother partsof aprograme.g.The sub-routine calculatesthe totalsum ofa listofnumbers.troubleshoot v.:toidentifyand solveproblems orissues inaprogramor systeme.g.The IT specialist willtroubleshoot the network connectivityissue.website n.:a collectionofwebpages accessiblethrough the internet,typically containinginformationor resourcese.g.I foundthe articleonthewebsite thatprovided detailedinstructions forthe task.code generation:the processof convertingsourcecodeintomachinecode orexecutable formbya重点词组Text Bcompilerorinterpreter讲解e.g.The code generation phaseoptimizes thesourcecodeand producesthe finalexecutable file.code walk-through:a systematicreview orexamination ofsourcecodebyagroupofdevelopers toidentifyerrors,bugs,or areasfor improvemente.g.The codewalk-through helpedidentifyalogic errorintheprograms calculation.softwareengineer:a professionalwho designs,develops,and maintainssoftwaresystemsorapplicationse.g.The softwareengineer is responsible forimplementing newfeaturesandfixingbugsin thesoftware.test data generation:theprocessof creatingsample data sets specificallydesignedtotest thefunctionalityand performanceofa softwaresysteme.g.The testdatagenerationensures that thesoftwarecan handlea varietyof scenariosand inputs.web developer:a personwho designsand developswebsites,often involvingcoding languagessuch as HTML,CSS,and JavaScripte.g.The webdeveloper createsresponsive anduser-friendly interfacesfor onlineplatforms.重点缩写Text BCASE Computer-Assisted SoftwareEngineering:theuse of computer-based toolsandtechniques toassist insoftwaredevelopmentand engineeringprocesses讲解e.g.The CASEtools helpautomate taskssuch ascodegeneration and documentationinsoftwaredevelopment.课文详见Text BPPT讲解及翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training课文概述Text AAnoperating systemOS issystemsoftwarethat managescomputerhardwareand softwareresourcesandprovidescommon servicesforcomputerprograms.There arevarioustypesofoperating systems,including single-and multi-tasking,single-and multi-user,distributed,embedded,and real-time.Components ofan operating system includeprogram execution,whichinvolves creatingprocesses andloading programcodeintomemory;interrupts,which allowtheoperating system to interactwith andreact to events;modes,which determine the levelof accesstomachine resources;memory management,which ensuresprograms haveindependent accesstomemory;virtual memory,which providesthe perceptionofalarger amountof RAM;multitasking,which allows multiple programsto runconcurrently;disk access and file systems,which managedata storageand organization;and device drivers,which enableinteraction withhardwaredevices.Operating systemsplay acrucial rolein managingcomputer resourcesandfacilitating communicationbetween softwareand hardware.They areessential forthe properfunctioning of computersandtheexecutionofvarious applications.重点单词Text Aalgorithm n.:a setofstep-by-step instructionsor rulesfor solvingaspecificproblem orperforming a task讲解e.g.The algorithmsorts thelistofnumbers inascending order.concurrency n.:the abilityofaprogramorsystem toexecute multiple tasksor processessimultaneouslye.g.The concurrencyfeature allowsfor efficientuse ofsystem resourcesand improvedperformance.multi-tasking n.:the abilityofa computer oroperating systemto runmultiple tasksor programsconcurrentlye.g.The operating system supportsmulti-tasking,allowing usersto workon multiple applicationssimultaneously.multi-user n.:a systemor softwarethatallows multiple usersto accessanduse it simultaneouslye.g.The multi-user databasemanagement systemprovides accessto multipleusers withdifferentpermissions.single-tasking n.:the abilityofa computer oroperatingsystemto performonly onetask orprocessatatimee.g.The embeddedsystemisdesignedforsingle-tasking,focusingon aspecific function.single-user n.:a systemor softwarethatallows only oneuser toaccessanduseitatatime e.g.The single-user licenseallowsonlyone personto usethesoftwareona single device.subsystem n.:a smallerfunctional unitor componentwithinalarger systeme.g.The audiosubsystem handlesthe processingand outputof soundinthe computer.applications software package:acollectionofsoftwareprograms orapplications bundledtogether重点词组Text Aforaspecificpurposeorfunction讲解e.g.The applicationssoftwarepackageincludesaword processor,spreadsheet program,andpresentation software.devicedriver:asoftwareprogram thatallows a computers operatingsystemtocommunicate andcontrolaspecifichardware devicee.g.The devicedriver enablesthecomputerto interactwith theprinter andsend printcommands.directory tree:a hierarchicalstructure ofdirectories andsubdirectories thatorganizes andstoresfiles inacomputersysteme.g.The directorytree displays the organizationof filesand foldersonthe computers hard drive.disk space:the amountof storagecapacity availableona computersharddisk or other storagemediae.g.The installationrequires atleast5GB offree diskspace.distributed operatingsystem:an operatingsystem thatruns onmultiple computers or processorsandallows themto worktogetheras asinglesysteme.g.The distributedoperatingsystem enables loadbalancing andresource sharingacross multiplemachines.embedded operatingsystem:an operatingsystem specificallydesignedforuse inembeddedsystems,which arededicated to performingaspecificfunctionor taske.g.The embeddedoperatingsystem controlsthe functions ofa smartthermostat.filesystem:thestructureand methodused byan operatingsystemtoorganize andstore fileson acomputersstorage mediae.g.The filesystem managesthe creation,deletion,andretrievalof filesontheharddrive.memory space:the amountof storagecapacity availableina computersmemory or RAMRandomAccess Memorye.g.The programrequiresasignificant amountof memoryspace to run smoothly.multipletask:theabilityofacomputer oroperatingsystemto performmultipletasksorprocessessimultaneouslye.g.The computersmultitasking capabilityallowsuserstorunmultipleapplicationsatthesametime.multiprogramming operatingsystem:an operatingsystem thatallows multipleprograms orprocessestobeexecuted concurrentlye.g.The multiprogrammingoperatingsystemassigns CPUtime todifferent programsto optimizeresourceutilization.multi-user operatingsystem:an operatingsystem thatallowsmultipleuserstoaccessanduse thesamecomputersystemor networksimultaneouslye.g.The multi-user operatingsystemenablesuserstoshare resourcesand datasecurely.real-time operatingsystem:an operatingsystem designedto processand respondtoeventsor datainreal-time,often usedin time-critical applicationse.g.The real-time operatingsystemcontrolsthefunctions ofarobotic armwith minimaldelay.single-user operatingsystem:an operatingsystem designedforuse byasingle useratatimee.g.The single-user operatingsystemiscommonlyusedin personal computers.time-sharing operatingsystem:an operatingsystemthatallowsmultipleuserstoshare thecomputersresources,with eachuser allocateda smallportion ofCPU timee.g.The time-sharing operatingsystem ensuresfair andefficient resourceallocation amongmultipleusers.MPU MicroProcessor Unit:the central processing unit CPU ofacomputer or microcontroller,重点缩写Text Aresponsible for executing instructionsand performing calculations讲解e.g.The MPUisthebrain of thecomputer,performing allthe necessarycomputations andoperations.课文Text A详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BThisarticle provides an overviewoftheelements ofa database.The mainelements coveredaretables,columns,rows,data types,keys,and relationships.A tableistheprimary unit of storagefordata ina databaseand multipletables mayexist ina database.Columns,also knownas fields,represent specificcategories ofinformation withina table.Rows,or records,contain theactualdata andrepresent asingle occurrence.Data typesdeterminethetypeofdata thatcanbestored inacolumn,such asalphanumeric,numeric,or dateand timedata.Keys areusedtoensure dataintegrityand establishrelationshipsbetweentables.Primary keysuniquely identifya rowwithin atable,while foreign keys referencea primarykey in another table.Relationships betweentablescan beone-to-one,one-to-many,or many-to-many.One-to-one relationshipsmean thatone recordina tableis related to onlyone recordin another table,while one-to-many relationshipsallow onerecordtobe related tomultiple recordsinanothertable.Many-to-many relationshipsallowmultiple recordsin bothtables toberelated to eachother.Understanding thesebasic elementsisessential forworking withdatabases anddesigning effectivedatabase structures.character n.:asingleletter,number,symbol,or spaceusedincomputer systemstorepresent重点单词Text Binformation讲解e.g.The passwordmust includea combinationof uppercaseand lowercasecharacters.database n.:a structuredcollectionofdata organizedand storedinacomputersystem,typicallyaccessed and managed byadatabasemanagementsystemDBMSe.g.The databasestores customerinformation,product inventory,and salesrecords.subset n.:a portionor partofalarger setor groupe.g.The subsetofdatacontains onlythe recordsfromthe past month.table n.:astructuredarrangement ofdatainrows andcolumns,often usedto storeand organizeinformation inadatabasee.g.The tabledisplays thesales datafor differentproducts andregions.child table:inadatabase,a tablethatisrelatedtoanothertablethroughaforeignkey,representing重点词组Text Basubordinate ordependent relationship讲解e.g.The childtable storesthe detailsof individualorders,linkedtothe parenttable containingcustomerinformation.database model:alogicalor conceptualrepresentation ofadatabasestructure,including tables,relationships,and constraintse.g.The relationaldatabase modelorganizesdatainto tableswith definedrelationships betweenthem.host computer:acomputeronanetwork thatprovides servicesorresourcesto othercomputers ordevicesconnected toite.g.The hostcomputer servesasa central storagelocation forshared filesand data.logical structure:the organizationor arrangementofdata,files,or componentsina system basedonlogical relationshipsor rulese.g.The logicalstructure ofthedatabaseensures efficientdata retrievaland maintenance.课文Text B详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training课文概述Text AThe articleprovidesan overviewof computerhardware.It startsby definingacomputeras amachinethat carriesout arithmeticor logicaloperations throughcomputer programming.Itmentions thatmodern computerscan perform a widerange oftasks byfollowing programs.Theterm computersystemH isusedtorefer toa completecomputer setup,including hardware,operatingsystem,and peripheral equipment.The articlealsomentionstheuseof computersascontrol systemsin variousindustrial andconsumer devices.The hardwarecomponents ofacomputer arediscussed,including thecentral processing unit CPU,memory,inputandoutputdevices,and peripheralequipment.The CPUconsistsofthe control unit,arithmetic logicunitALU,and registers.The controlunit managesthecomputerscomponents andinterprets programinstructions.The ALUperforms arithmetic and logic operations.The memorystoresdata andinstructions,and input/output devicesfacilitate interactionwith thecomputer.Different typesofinput andoutput devicesare mentioned,such askeyboards,mice,monitors,printers,and speakers.The articleexplains thefunctioningofthe controlunit,which managesprogram instructionsandcoordinates operationswithin thecomputer.The CPU,ALU,and registerscollectively formthecentral processingunit.The ALUis capable of performingarithmeticandlogicoperations,including addition,subtraction,multiplication,division,and comparisonoperations.The articlealsomentionstheuseofboolean logicoperations likeAND,OR,XOR,and NOT.It explains thatmodern computerscan havemultiple ALUs,allowing forparallel processing.The computersmemoryis describedasalistofcells usedto storenumbers.Each cellhas anaddress andcan storeasingle number.The articlenotes thatmemory canstore anytypeofinformation ifit canberepresented numerically.It discussestheuseof registers,which arefaster thanmain memoryandhold frequentlyused data.The twomain typesof computermemory mentionedare random-accessmemory RAM and read-only memoryROM.RAM canbe writtento andread from,whileROM containspreloaded dataand softwarethat doesn*t change.The articleexplainsthatROM iscommonlyusedto store thecomputers start-up instructions.The conceptof multiprocessingisintroduced,where computersdistribute workacrossmultipleCPUs.This isseen insupercomputers,mainframe computers,and servers.The articlementionsthatsome computersfeatureunique architecturesand specializedhardware for specific taskslike simulation,graphicsrendering,and cryptography.Overall,the articleprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewof computerhardware,explaining thedifferent componentsand theirfunctions inacomputersystem.computer n.:a devicethatcanperform varioustasks byexecuting instructionsstoredinits重点单词Text Amemory讲解e.g.I usemy computertoaccessthe internetand completework assignments.controller n.:a deviceorprogramthat managesand directsthe operationof otherdevices orprogramse.g.The gamecontroller allowsyou tonavigate andcontrol the movements ofthe characteron thescreen.cryptography n.:the practiceand studyof techniquesfor securecommunication inthe presenceofthird partiese.g.The encryptionalgorithm usedin onlinebanking ensuresthe securityof customerspersonalinformation.device n.:a pieceof equipmentor mechanismdesignedtoperformaspecifictaske.g.The GPSdevicehelps driversnavigateandfind thebest routesto theirdestinations.display vi.:to showor presentsomething onacomputerscreen orother electronic device e.g.The websitedisplaysthelatest newsheadlines andupdates inreal-time.equipment n.:thenecessarytools,machines,orotheritems neededforaparticular purposee.g.The laboratoryis equippedwith state-of-the-art equipmentforscientific research.hardware n.:the physicalcomponents ofacomputersystem,such asthe processor,memory,andperipheralse.g.The hardwareupgrade improvedthe performanceand speedofthecomputer.informationn.:facts,data,or knowledgeabout somethinge.g.The websiteprovides informationabout upcomingevents andactivities inthe localarea.instruct vt.:to givedirections,guidance,or commandsto someoneor somethinge.g.The teacherinstructsthe studentson howto solvethe mathproblems stepby step.Internet n.:a globalnetwork of computers thatallowsforthe sharingofinformation andcommunicatione.g.I usethe Internetto researchand gatherinformation formy schoolprojects.keyboard n.:asetof keysor buttonsonacomputer ortypewriter usedto inputdata or commandse.g.I typedmy essayusing thekeyboard on my laptop.microprocessor n.:acomputerprocessor thatincorporates thefunctions ofacentralprocessingunit CPUonasingle integrated circuite.g.The microprocessorisresponsiblefor executinginstructionsandperforming calculationsin acomputer.motherboard n.:the maincircuit boardofacomputer thatconnects andallows communicationbetweenvarious componentse.g.The motherboardhouses the CPU,memory,and otheressential components ofthecomputer.mouse n.:ahand-held devicethat controlsthemovementofacursor onacomputerscreen e.g.Iuse themouse toclick andnavigate throughdifferentapplicationsand fileson mycomputer.network n.:asystemof interconnectedcomputersordevicesthatcan communicateand shareresourcese.g.The companysnetwork allowsemployees toaccess sharedfilesandcollaborate onprojects.printer n.:a devicethat producesa hardcopy orphysical representationof textor imagesfrom acomputere.g.I needto printoutthedocuments fortomorrows meeting.program n.:asetofinstructionsorasequence ofcoded commandsthat directsacomputertoperform specifictaskse.g.The softwareprogram helpsusers organizeandmanagetheir personalfinances.program v.:towriteorcreateinstructionsorcodeforacomputerto executee.g.The programmerwill programthesoftwareto includenewfeaturesand functionalities.register n.:a smallamountofmemoryinacomputersCPU usedto storedata orinstructionstemporarilye.g.The valueisstoredintheregister beforeit isprocessed bytheCPU.robot n.:a machineordevicethatcanbe programmedtoperformtasks autonomouslyor underremotecontrole.g.The robotisdesignedto assembleparts inthe manufacturingprocess.screen n.:the surfaceofacomputerorelectronic deviceon whichimages orinformation isdisplayede.g.The screenonmysmartphone showsnotifications andincoming messages.store v.:to saveor keepdataorinformation inacomputersmemoryorstorage devicee.g.I storeall myimportant documentsand filesonanexternal harddrive.supercomputer n.:a powerfuland high-performance computercapableofprocessing largeamountsofdataandperformingcomplex calculationse.g.Supercomputers areusedforscientificresearch,weather forecasting,and simulations.binarydigit:asingleunitofinformationinbinary notation,representing eithera0or1e.g.In重点词组Text Abinary,the number1011is representedby fourbinary digits.讲解boolean value:avaluethatcanonly betrue orfalsee.g.The booleanvalue ofthe expressionistrueif thecondition ismet.computer chip:a smallelectronicdevicemade ofsemiconducting material,containing integratedcircuitsandusedtoperformvarious functionsinacomputere.g.The computerchip isresponsibleforprocessingandexecutinginstructionsinacomputer.computer-aided design:theuseof computertechnology toassist intheprocessof designingandcreating modelsor planse.g.The architectused computer-aided designsoftwaretocreate the3D modelofthebuilding.conditional statement:a statementinprogrammingthatisexecuted basedonacertain conditionorcriteriae.g.The programuses aconditional statementto checkif anumber ispositive ornegative.controlunit:the partofthecomputers centralprocessingunitCPU thatdirects andcoordinatesthe operationsof otherhardware componentse.g.The controlunit managesthe flowofdataand instructionsbetweentheCPU andother partsofthe computer.disk drive:a deviceusedtoread fromandwriteto diskstorage media,such asa harddisk driveora floppydisk drivee.g.1saved thedocument onthe diskdrive forfuture access.electrical circuit:a pathor networkof interconnectedelectrical componentsthatallowsthe flowofelectric currente.g.The electricalcircuit powersthe variouscomponentsofthe electronicdevice.flash memory:a typeof non-volatile computerstorage thatcanbeelectrically erasedandreprogrammede.g.The USBdrive usesflash memorytostoreandtransferdata.floating point:a numericalrepresentation thatallowsforthe representationof decimalfractionsand verylarge orsmall numberse.g.The floating-point arithmeticallowsforprecise calculationsinvolving decimalnumbers.graphic card:acomputerhardwarecomponentthat generatesand displaysvisual imageson amonitore.g.The graphiccard isresponsibleforrendering high-quality graphicsin videogames.input device:a deviceusedtoenter dataorcommandsintoacomputer,suchasa keyboard,mouse,or touchscreene.g.The usercan interactwith thecomputer usingvarious inputdevices.integratedcircuit:acompleteelectronic circuitthatisetched orprinted ontoa smallchip ofsemiconductingmateriale.g.The integratedcircuit containsthousands oftransistors andother electroniccomponents.operatingsystem:thesoftwarethatmanagesand controlsthe basicoperations andfunctions ofacomputere.g.Windows andmacOS areexamples ofoperating systemsusedinpersonalcomputers.peripheralequipment:additional devicesor equipmentconnected toacomputersystem thatprovideinput,output,orstoragecapabilitiese.g.The printerand scannerareexamplesof peripheralequipment.ALU ArithmeticLogic Unit:a digitalcircuit withinacomputerscentralprocessingunitCPU重点缩写Text Athatperforms arithmeticand logicaloperations讲解e.g.The ALUperforms calculationsand comparisonsintheCPU,suchasaddition,subtraction,and logicalAND/OR operations.BIOS BasicInput/Output System:a firmwarethat initializesand controlsthe basicfunctionsofacomputer systeme.g.The BIOSperformsaself-test whenthecomputeris turnedonandthen loadsthe operatingsystem.CPU CentralProcessing Unit:the maincomponentofacomputerthat carriesout instructionsandperforms calculationse.g.The CPUisresponsiblefor executingprogram instructionsand managingdata processingin acomputer.PC PersonalComputer:acomputerdesignedforusebyan individualfor personaltasks andapplicationse.g.T usemy PCfor browsingtheinternet,writing documents,and playinggames.RAM RandomAccess Memory:atypeofcomputermemory thatallowsfordata storageandretrieval inany randomordere.g.The moreRAMacomputer has,the fasteritcanaccessandprocess data.ROM Read-Only Memory:atypeofcomputermemorythatstores permanentdataandis noteasilymodified orerasede.g.The ROMcontainsthefirmware instructionsthatarenecessary forthecomputerto bootup.课文Text A详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Text ANotesThe articleprovidesanoverviewofJohn VonNeumann,a renownedmathematician andcomputer概述Text Bscientist.It highlightshis earlyaccomplishments,including hisexceptional mathematicalabilitiesas achild prodigyand hisearly educationin Budapest.Von Neumannsacademic journeytook himtovarious universities,and heexcelled infields likechemistry,mathematics,and quantummechanics.The articlementions Vbn Neumanns associationwith PrincetonUniversity and hisappointment asone ofthe originalprofessors of mathematics atthe Institutefor AdvancedStudies.It alsodiscusses hisacquisition ofUS citizenshipwiththehelpofOskar Morgansternand hisinvolvement in wartimework.The articlenotes Vbn Neumanns interactionwith AlanTuringduring Turingstime asa graduatestudent atPrinceton.It suggeststhat VbnNeumann wasfamiliarwith Turing*s ideas,although itquestions whetherhe directlyapplied themtothedesign ofthe IASMachine.VonNeumanns interestin computersis characterizedby hisrecognition oftheir applicationsin appliedmathematicsforspecificproblems.The articledescribes hisengagement invarious projectsduringthe war,utilizing hisexpertise indisciplines likehydrodynamics,ballistics,and gametheory.Thearticle mentionsVbn Neumannsencounter withHoward AikensHarvard MarkI computer andhis correspondencewithotherprominent figuresin computing,suchasGeorge Stibitzand JanSchilt.It emphasizeshis roleas anexecutive managementconsultant duringWorld WarII,facilitating collaborationbetweendifferentscientific groups.Post-war,VbnNeumannfocused ondevelopingthe Institutefor AdvancedStudies IAScomputerandits globalcopies.His workwiththe LosAlamos groupinvolved theapplication ofcomputers tonuclear problemsrelatedtothehydrogen bomb.Thearticlehighlightsthelack ofrecognition VbnNeumann receivedin hisobituariesregarding hiscontributions tothe fieldof computing.It acknowledgesHermanGoldstines comprehensiveperspective onVbnNeumannsinvolvementincomputing andhisapplication ofmathematical conceptstothe field.Von Neumannsinsights intothe organizationofmachines ledtothedevelopment ofthe VbnNeumann Architecture.Thearticlediscusses hisinvolvementinthecreation ofthe FirstDraft ofa ReportontheED VAC,which introducedthestored programconcept tothe industry.Thearticlealso includesanecdotes aboutVon Neumannsencountersand interactions,showcasing hisbrilliance inmathematics andhis uniqueproblem-solving abilities.It concludesby mentioningthe IEEEJohn VbnNeumann Medal,anannual awardestablished bythe IEEEto honorexceptional achievementsincomputer-relatedscience andtechnology.Overall,the articleprovidesanoverviewofJohn VbnNeumanns life,contributions,andhisimpact onthefieldof computingand mathematics.expertise n.:specialized knowledge,skills,or expertiseinaparticular fieldor subjecte.g.The重点单词Text Bcompanyhired anITspecialistwith expertisein cybersecurity.讲解infrastructure n.:the fundamentalsystems,facilities,and structuresthat supportandenabletheoperation ofacomputernetwork orother technologicalsystemse.g.The citysinfrastructure includesthenetworkof fiberoptic cablesfor high-speed internetaccess.statistics n.:the collection,analysis,interpretation,presentation,and organizationof numericaldatae.g.The statisticsshow adecrease insales forthepastquarter.set theory:a branchofmathematicsthat studiescollections ofobjects andtheir propertiese.g.Set重点词组Text Btheoryisusedincomputerscience torepresent andmanipulate datastructures.讲解课文讲解及详见Text BPPT翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training。