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初三英语重要知识点连词的用法
1、连词的定义用来连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的虚词就是连词连词一般有词义(注that引导名词性从句时除外),不充当任何句子成分,主要起连接作用eg:©Tom andMary aregood students.汤姆和玛丽是好学生
②The weatherhere isneither toocold nortoo hot.这里的天气既不太冷也不太热
③The caris veryold but it runsvery fast.这辆汽车虽然很旧,但跑得很快
④You willpass the exam ifyou work hard.如果你努力学习,你会通过考试的
⑤My familyalways gosomewhere interestingas soonasthe holidaybegins.假期一开始,我们一家人总是去好玩的地方
2、连词的分类eg:Jane wasdressed inbrown whileMary wasdressed inblue.
3.however其后要有逗号隔开可位于句首、句末或句中adv.eg:
①He saidthat itwas so.he wasmistaken,however.他说情况是这样然而,他错了
②You canphone the doctor ifyou like.However,I verymuchdoubt whetheryou willget himto comeout ona Saturdaynight.如果你愿意你可以给医生打电话但是,我非常怀疑你是否能在星期六把他请出来
①when从句可引导一个延续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作既可与主句动作同时发生,又可先后发生
②while从句只能引导一个延续性动作表示主句动作发生在while从句所表达的时间段之内侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比
③as用法同when相似,但更侧重主从句动作发生的同时性注1当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,其主语与主句主语一致,且表语为名词时,可用as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句注2如果主句表示的是短暂的动作,从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while和as可以互换使用注3as有“随着;一边……,一边……”的意思,表示动作交替进行,侧重于主、从句动作在同一时间点或同一时间段进行注4
①作并列连词,when有“这时”的意思二and then表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作接着发生固定搭配为bedoing/hadjustdone/be about to=be onthe pointof doing,•,when“这时”
②作并列连词,while有“然而,可是”的意思,表示对比eg:
①When/While/As wewere dancing,a strangercamein.
②I fellasleep when/as/while hewas readingthe newspaper.
③When hehad finishedhis homework,he tooka shortrest.4When/As hearrived inShanghai,she methim at the station.@As yearsgo by,our countryis becomingstronger andstronger.
⑥When hewas achild=As achild,he studiedvery well.©Please dont talkso loudwhile others are working.®I wasaboutto go to bed whenhe knocked atthedoor.
⑨I drinkblack coffeewhile heprefers itwith cream.⑵before的用法before原意为“在……之前”,另外它还有以下的意思
①“还没来得及……就……”;“还没有”;“尚未”;“趁着……没有”eg:©He died before hewrote awill.
②My fatherdiedbefore I wasborn.©Please writeit downbefore youforget it.
②“……就”(强调时间、距离很短;花费的精力小;过程顺利)eg:
①I hadnt waitedlong beforehe came.
②I hadnt gonefar beforeI felttired.
③“……才”(强调时间、距离很长;花费的精力大;过程曲折)eg:©It willbe fiveyears beforewe meetagain.
①It wont belong beforewe meetagain.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了
②It willbe halfa yearbeforeIcome back.半年后我才能回来⑶till/until的用法一般情况下,till/until可以通用但在强调句型中或notuntil位于句首时(应用半倒装),此时只可用untiltill/until用于肯定句时,主句须和延续性动词或重/反复性动词连用,意为“直到……为止”till/until用于否定句时,主句须和短暂性动词连用,意为“不到……不;直到……才”eg:
①He didn t go tobeduntil/till hisparents cameback lastnight.
②We waiteduntil/till Tomarrived hereyesterday.
③Until you told meI had no ideaof it.直到你告诉我,我才知道此事
④Not untilyou toldme didI have any ideaof it.直到你告诉我,我才知道此事
⑤It wasnot untilyou toldme that I had any ideaof it.就是直到你告诉我,我才知道此事
⑥She received15rejections until/till theMedical CollegeofZhengzhou Universityfinally acceptedher.直到郑大医学院最终录取她,她收到了15所医学院的回绝信4as soonas,once引导时间状语从句的区别as soonas强调时间的紧接性,意为“一……就”once带有条件意味,意为“一旦”eg:@r11tell youas soonas hecomes back.
②Once youstart,you willnever giveup.㈡地点状语从句地点状语从句常由where,wherever引导eg:They werewarmly welcomedwherever theywent.㈢条件状语从句注意unless not)“除非”;“如果不”的用法,它符合“主将从现原则eg:We wont have a picnicunless its sunnytomorrow.如果明天天气不放晴,我们将不去野餐㈣目的状语从句so that既可引导目的状语从句(有情无逗)意为“以便,为了”;也可引导结果状语从句(无情有逗)意为“结果……”eg
①I’11speak slowlyso that you canunderstand me.
②He raisedhis voice,so thateveryone heardhim.⑴根据连词的形式,连词可分为简单连词(单个词)、关联连词(两个以上的词(组)一起构成,分为两个部分对称使用)和短语连词(两个以上的词一起构成)oeg:©The winterin Beijingis verycold whilethat inKunming iswarm.北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很暖和(简单连词)
②She is not onlykind but also honest.她不仅和蔼而且诚实(关联连词)
③The teacherexplained veryclearly,so thatwe allunderstood.老师解释得非常清楚,我们都听懂了(短语连词)⑵根据连词在句子中所起的作用,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词,如and,but,so,for,or,both...and...,not only...but also...等从属连词是指用以引导从句的连词,如when,while,as,after,before,as soonas,until,if,because,although,though,than等eg:(jMy parentsare expectingme,so I must beoff now.父母在等我,所以我得走了㈤原因状语从句because,since,as,for的区另llDbecause,as,since为从属原因连词,而for为并列原因连词⑵because“因为”,语气最强,多用于直接的、听者未知的原因,常常位于句尾,成为信息的焦点既能回答why的提问,也能用于强调句型中,还可用于搭配not...but...或与强调词just,only,merely及否定词not连用;一般位于主句之后,只有在表示强调时才位于主句之前eg:
①一Why didntyouphone melast night昨天晚上你为什么没有给我打电话?一Because I didnt want todistur byou.因为我不想打扰你
②I didnt wantit becauseits toobig.我不要它,因为它太大了
③Ididit becausehe toldme todo it.我做这件事因为是他吩咐的®It was because Imissed theearly busthatI was latefor school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车
⑤You shouldntget angryjust becausesome peoplespeak illofyou.你不要只是因为有人说你坏话而生气@If youfeel cold,thatsbecauseyou didnt puton yourovercoat,如果你感到冷的话,那是因为你没有穿上外套©Because shewas ill,she didnt come to school.因为她病了,所以她没来上学81study Englishnot becauseI wanttopass theexam,but becauseIlike English.我学习英语,不是因为我想考试过关,而是因为我喜欢英语⑶as“由于”,语气较弱,表示明显的、已知的事实主从句所表达的内容同等重要,二者之间存在有因果关系有时as含有“既然”的意思二sinceeg:
①As hesaqualified doctor,I trusthis adviceon medicalmatters.由于他是一位合格的医生,所以我信任他在医疗事情上的建议
②As Ihadacold,I didnt attendthe meeting.由于我感冒了,我没去参加会议
③As wehadnomoney,we couldnt buyanything toeat.由于我们没有钱,我们不可能买任何吃的东西
③We alllike heras sheis kind.我们都喜欢她,因为她善良
④As/Since youre notfeeling well,you maystay athome.既然你感觉不舒服,你可以呆在家里4since=now that“既然”,主要用于口语,语气较弱,表示微弱的原因,或是就对方陈述的事实作为理由主从句因果关系不明显常位于句首eg:
①Since wehave come,let sstay andenjoy it.既来之,则安之
②Since everybodyknows aboutit,I dont wantto talkanymore.既然大家都了解了这个事,我就不想再说什么了
③Since youdontwanttogo,we wont forceyouto.既然你不想去,我们就不勉强你了©Since youinsist,Imustgo.既然你坚持,我必须去⑸for“因为”,语气最弱,表示对某一事实进行推断的或附加说明的理由,是对已发生情况的补充说明一般不位于句首eg:
①He cant havegone,for thelight isstill on.他不可能走了,因为灯还在亮着呢
②It musthave rainedlast night,for theground iswet.昨晚准是下过雨,因为地面是湿的
(2)so为adv,such为adj(注只修饰形容词、副词原级时,只可用SOo修饰单数名词时,二者可以互换(即so+adj+a/an+n(可单)+that=such+a/an+ad j+n(可单)+that)修饰复数和不可数名词时,多多少少用SO,不多不少用such.)eg:He wasso carelessthat heforgot towrite hisname onthe paper.
(七)让步状语从句⑴though/as意为“尽管”时的用法(最高级前无冠词)adj/adv+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它,(前无冠词)n+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它,V原形(短语)+as/though+主+助v/情态v+其它,eg:
①Angry as/though hewas,he managedto speakcalmly.
②Child as/though heis,he knowsa lot.©Change yourmind as/though you will,youwillgain noadditionalsupport.⑵while引导的让步状语从句通常位于主句之前eg:While Ialways feltI wouldpasstheexam,I neverthought Iwouldget anA.
(八)方式状语从句方式状语从句应放在主句之后常用as if/asthough/just as/as/as faras弓I导eg:
①Do asyou aretold to,or you11be fired.
②The oldlady treatsthe boyas hewere heown son.@1feel as if Ihaveafever.
(九)比较状语从句注what/as/be like也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句句型为A isto Bwhat/as/be likeC isto D.A对于B而言正如C对于D那样”eg:Food isto menwhat/as/is likeoil isto machines.㈤whatever,whichever,whichever+n(s),whoever,however,whenever,wherever引导让步状语从句的情况whatever=no matterwhat(弓|导让步状语从句)或whatever=anything that(引导名词性从句)whoever=no matterwho(弓|导让步状语从句)或whoever=anybody who(引导名词性从句)whichever=no matterwhich(弓|导让步状语从句)或anywhich(引导名词性从句)whichever+n(s)=no matterwhich+n(s)(弓I导让步状语从句)或any+n(s)which(引导名词性从句)however=no matterhow(弓|导让步状语从句)whenever=no matterwhen(弓|导让步状语从句)wherever=no matterwhere(弓I导让步状语从句)
(十一)有些可以作副词的连词though,in case,(ever)since经寸Oeg:
①He is young.He knowsa lot,though.=Though heisyoung,heknows alot.
②I dont thinkit willrain,but IH take an umbrella,justin case.=I11takeanumbrella justin caseit shouldrain.
③He came here in
2000.He hasbeen workinghere eversince.=He hasbeen workinghere eversince hecameherein
2000.
(十二)在主将从现原则中,从句可用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来(注主将从现原则具体内容在时间或条件状语从句中,如果主句为将来时或表示将来时含义的句子(如祈使句、情态句等),那么从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来)eg:We willhaveapicnic ifit isfine tomorrow.
②You canuse mycar aslongasyou returnit beforeFriday.只要你周五之前回来,你就可以用我的车注从属连词可引导状语从句和名词性从句that,whether/if等
3、连词的特点一般情况下,连词不充当任何句子成分除名词性从句中的that之外,其余连词都有词义
4、连词一般包括以下关系并列或从属1表联合、递进或顺承关系的并列连词and“和”;“加”;“接着”;“而且”;“又“;“那么”,both...and...“两者都”“既……又……”;”不但……而且……”,not only/just...butalso...“不仅……而且……”,as well as既……又……”“不仅……而且……”等eg:jBoth myfather andI arebusy paintingthe sittingroom today.我和我父亲今天都在忙于粉刷客厅
②He likesbasketball aswellasfootball.他喜欢篮球运动,也喜欢足球运动
(2)表转折关系的并列连词but“但是”“不过,另一方面,但与此同时,(诚然)……但(表示转折,语气较强);while“而”表示鲜明对比往往连接内容和结构对称的句子,一般位于句中;yet“然而,但是”(表示含惊讶之意的转折)eg:(Tjohn likesplaying basketball,but hedidnt playityesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打
②Some menare richwhile othersare poor.一些人富有,然而一些人贫穷
②Mr.Smith isnot alawyer buta doctor.史密斯先生不是律师而是医生©Either youcometomy place,or Igo toyours.要么你来我这儿,要么我去你那儿©Neither hashe calledon her,nor willhedoso.他没有拜访过她,他也不愿意这么做©Write heraddress down,otherwise you11forget it.把她的地址记下来,不然你会忘记的
4.表因果关系的并列连词so“因此”,for“因为”eg:
①It wastoo late,so wewent home.时间太晚了,因此我想去家里了
①I gotup veryearly,andyet Ifailed tocatch the first bus.
5.连词的连用if不可与and连用;because不与so连用;although/though/while/as(尽管)不与but,however等连用,但可与yet,still连用eg:
①Because herparents died,she hadto makea livingby herself.
②Though sheis veryintelligent,she isneverthelessrather modest.她很聪明,倒也很谦虚并列句的用法一.表联合、递进或顺承关系的并列连词and“和”;“加”;“接着”;“那么”;“而且”;“又”,not only/just...butalso...“不仅……而且……”等常考结构为祈使句+and/or+句子或名词短语+and+句子eg:©Arrive early,and youllcatch thefirstbus.©Another tenminutes,and Illfinish myhomework.二.表转折关系的并列连词but“但是”;“不过,另一方面,但与此同时,(诚然)……但”(表示转折,语气较强);while而”(表示对比两件事物或相反的情况,常用来连接两个意义对立的分句);yet然而,但是(表示含惊讶之意的转折);whereas但是,去(用于说某事不适用于所有情况)注but,while,however的区别
1.but表示语意转折,语气较强,在意义上与前述情况相conj.反或表示与所预料的不一样一般位于句中eg:
①We hadthought itdifficult,but weworked itout atlast.
②It ishot insummer,but itisnotcold inwinter.这里夏天热,但冬天不冷
③The watchwas cheap,butitgoes quitewell.这块表虽然便宜,但走得很好
2.while表示鲜明对比往往连接内容和结构对称的句子,conj.一般位于句中。
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