新高考2021届高考英语小题必练14阅读理解之推理判断题

C.To amusehis chiIdren.D.To makehimself famous.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段abecause hewanted his students to have someoneto turnto in the building who understands whats at stake（利害攸关）when itcomes toclimate change.（因为他想要让他教学楼里的学生能够变成理解气候变化的利害相关的人）可知，Randall的目的在于教育年轻人故选ADWhile wemay thinkit feelsgood tocomplain,complaining hassome badeffects associatedwithit.Why isn，t complainingbeneficial Research shows thatit connectsour brainwith negativity.The brainis designedto workefficiently.This meansthat when we repeata thought,negativeor positive,the nervecells forma bridgebetween eachother topass informationin a higherspeed.Therefore,the nexttime wehave asimilar typeof thought,it ismore easilypassed.This explainswhy certainthought patternsbecome habits.Yet theharmful effectsdon，t stopthere.A studyshow thatcomplaining causesthe hippocampus（海马），which playsa vitalrole inproblem-solving,to becomesmaller.In additionto causingbrain damage,complaining alsoreleases astress hormonecortisol（皮质醇），a kindof chemicalthe bodyproduces whenwe meetwith somedanger.Constantly havingahigh level of cortisol results inhigh blood pressure,high bloodsugar,and lowerimmunity（免疫力）.The illeffects of our complainingarent justlimited toourselves:they alsoinvolve thosearoundus.We tendto mirrorthe moodsof ourfriends.For thisreason,we should be cautiousabouthaving stubborncomplainers inour circleof companions.The bestway todeal withconstant negativityis todevelop asense ofgratitude.Just likecomplainingacts as a poison,gratitude actsasamedicine.Researchshowsit lowerscortisollevels by23percent,as wellas reducesbloodpressureand bloodsugar.It alsodecreasestiredness anddepression.Gratitude isthe perfectcure forcomplaining,a behaviorthat stealsourbrain power,happiness andphysical well-being.What haveyou observedabout theeffects ofcomplaining inyour ownlife orin thelivesof othersHave younoticed thatwhen you are grateful,you feelbetter allround Please shareyour thoughtsin thecomments sectionbelow.语篇解读这是一篇说明文阐述“抱怨”的危害表现在方方面面，如果要避免悲观情绪，就需要我们常怀感激之情

13.What doPara.2and Para.3mainly talk aboutA.The diseasescaused bycomplaining.B.The decreaseof avital partofourbrain.C.The badeffects ofcomplaining onbrain power.D.The reasonwhy certainthought patternsbecome habits.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题第二段中研究表明，“抱怨”使大脑处于悲观状态，这样会导致人们习惯性的悲伤第三段中表明，危害远不止于此，还会使我们用于解决问题的海马变得越来越小所以这两段主要是谈抱怨对大脑的伤害，故选C

14.What canwe knowabout cortisolfrom the passageA.Gratitude isan effectivecure forcortisol.B.Our bodyproduces cortisolwhenwefeel excited.C.Cortisol isa chemicalthat cancause braindamage.D.Having ahigh levelof cortisolcan leadto manyhealth problems.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据第四段中“Constantly havingahighlevelofcortisolresultsin highbloodpressure,high bloodsugar,and lowerimmunity（免疫力）.”可矢口,高皮质醇会导致高血压，高血糖，免疫力弱等一系列的健康问题故选D

15.What attitudedoes thewriter taketo stubborncomplainersA.Grateful.B.Tol erant.C.Disappro ving.D.Skeptical.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据第五段可知，抱怨会影响周边的人，所以我们要远离那些偏执的抱怨者，故作者对这类人的态度是不满的故选C

16.Where canthepassagemost probablyappearA.In a newspaper.B.In amedical report.C.On awebsi te.D.In aradio【答案】c【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段“Pleaseshareyour thoughtsin thecomments sectionbelow.”你可以在评论区分享你的看法可知，这篇文章出现在网站上逻辑的推理判断写作意图类一一文体特点看意图

2.【典例】2020•全国2卷C篇节选Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklynhave showcasednutria furmade intoclothesin differentstyles.It soundscrazy totalkaboutguilt-free furunlessyou understandthat thenutriaare destroyingvast wetlandsevery year”,says CreeMcCree,project directorof RighteousFur.What isthe purposeof the fashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynA.To promoteguilt-free fur.B.To expandthefashionmarket.C.To introducea newbrand.D.To celebratea winterholiday.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣故选A【点拨】写作意图通常有以下三种1to entertainreaders/to tellan experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文nV.早2to persuadereaders/to sella productor aservice/to attractreaders orvisitors常见于广告3to informreaders/to report/to tell/to describe...多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章观点态度类一一依据措辞定态度

3.【典例】2020•全国1卷C篇节选Race walkingshares manyfitness benefitswith running,research shows,while mostlikelycontributing tofewer injuries.It does,however,have itsown problem.Which wordbest describesthe author s attitudeto racewalkingA.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤不过，它也有自己的问题由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的故选B项【点拨】

1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中1正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点⑵留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子⑶结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断

2.牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语1表示支持或肯定positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的2表示中立indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的3表示反对或否定disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的,消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的考袅族破ASpotify cantell if you resad.Heres whythat shouldscare you.Want tofigure outifsomeone isa patientwith amental disabilityAsk themwhat theirfavorite songis.A NewYorkUniversity studylast yearfound thatpeople wholoved EminemsLoseYourselfand JustinBieber，s WhatDoYouMeanweremore likelyto havetrouble withmental disabilitiesthan peoplewho wereintoDireStraits.Over thepast fewyears,Spotify has been improvingthe abilityto analyzeinformation tohelpbusinessmen targetconsumers withadvertisements madespecially for their needs.Theyconclude thisfrom the sort of music you，re listeningto,combined withwhere andwhen you，relistening toit,along withthird-party datathat mightbe available.Now,to beclear,there，s nothingsignificantly illegalabout whatSpotify isdoing withyourinformation.I certainlydon，t thinkthat theyare workingwith shadowyconsulting firmstoserve youads sellinga culturestruggle while you，re listeningto musicthat suggestsyoumight bein aterrible situation.However,I findit disappointingthat ourpersonal,privatemoments withmusic areincreasingly beingturned intoinformation pointsand offeredtoadvertisers.You cansee wherethis couldgo,can，t youAs adtargeting getsever moreaccurate,businessmenwill havethe abilityto targetour feelingsin potentiallyimproper ways.According toone study,youaremore likelyto spendmore ona productif yourefeeling sad.You canimagine somecompaniesmight takeadvantage ofthat.And onthat note,Im feelinga littledown aboutall this.Headoff totreat myselfto somethingexpensive.语篇解读音乐服务平台Spotify能通过用户所听歌曲的类型来判断用户的心情，进而将用户的信息提供给商人，帮助他们锁定消费者，促其消费，这种行为导致作者对其非常失望

1.What sthe purposeof the first paragraphA.To introducea newsong.B.To drawreaders attention.C.To helpmore patients.D.To promotea newmediuni.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题作者以令人感兴趣的话题引入，吸引读者注意力，进而在第二段中提出主题，由此可知，第一段的目的是引起读者的兴趣，故选B项

2.Why doesSpotify improveits abilityto analyzeinformationA.To provideservices forthe government.B.To workwith shadowyconsulting firms.C.To getlisteners personalinformation.D.To helpbusinessmen attractconsumers.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据第二段第一句Spotify hasbeen improvingthe abilityto analyzeinformationto helpbusinessmen targetconsumers withadvertisements madespecially fortheirneeds.v可知，Spotify一直在提高其分析信息的能力，其目的是帮助商人吸引消费者，故选D项

3.Whats theauthors attitude towardSpotifyA.Uncertain.B.Support!ve.C.Positive.D.Dissatisfied.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据第三段最后一句However,I findit disappointingthat.・.”和最后一段中的“And onthat note,Im feelinga littledown aboutall this.可知，作者对Spotify很失望，故选D项

4.Who isthe textprobably designedforA.Music lovers.B.Officials.C.Researchers.D.Managers.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据第二段中的“thesortofmusicyou，re listeningto”和第三段中的“whileyou，re listeningto music”可知，本文主要针对音乐爱好者而写，故选A项BTechnology offersconveniences suchas openingthe garagedoor fromyour caror changingthetelevision stationwithout touchingthe TV.Now oneAmerican companyis offeringits employeesanewconvenience:a microchipimplanted（植入）in their hands.Employees whohave thesechips cando allkinds ofthings justby wavingtheirhands.Three Square Market isoffering to implant microchipsin allof theiremployees forfree.Each chipcosts$300and Three Square Marketwill payforthe chip.Employees canvolunteerto havethe chips implanted in theirhands.About50out of80employees havechosen todo so.The presidentof the company,his wifeand theirchildren arealso gettingchipsimplantedintheir hands.The chipis aboutthe sizeof agrain ofrice.Implanting thechip onlytakes abouta secondandis saidto hurtonly verybriefly.The chipsgo underthe skinbetween thethumb andforefinger.With a chip in the hand,a personcan enterthe officebuilding,buy food,sign intocomputersand more,simply bywaving thathand neara scanner.The chipswill bealso used to identifyemployees.Employees whowant convenience,but donot wanttohavea microchipimplanted undertheirskin,can weara wristband（腕带）or aring withachip instead.They canperform thesametasks witha waveof theirhands asif theyhad animplanted chip.Three SquareMarket isthefirstcompany in the UnitedStates tooffer toimplant chipsinits employees.Epicenter,a companyin Sweden,hasbeenimplanting chipsin itsemployees forawhile.ThreeSquareMarket saysthechipcannot trackthe employees.The companysays scannerscanread the chips onlywhen theyare withina fewinches of them.The chipsprotect againstidentitytheft,similar,to creditcards.The U.S.Food andDrug Administrationapproved the chips backin2004,so theyshouldbesafe forhumans,according tothecompany.In thefuture,people withthe chipsmay beable todo morewith them,even outsidethe office.Todd Westbyis ChiefExecutive Officerof ThreeSquareMarket.He says,^Eventually,this technologywill becomestandardized allowing you to use this as your passport,public transit,all purchasingopportunities,etc.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文主要介绍了一种可以植入员工手中的微型芯片，介绍了该芯片的优势，以及人们对此的看法

5.What isthe thirdparagraph mainly aboutA.The substitutesof the chips.B.The advantagesof the chips.C.The placestoimplantthechips.D.The potentialrisks ofimplanting thechips.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段“With achipin the hand,a personcan enterthe officebuilding,buy food,sign intocomputers andmore,simply bywaving thathand neara scanner.The chipswillbe alsousedtoidentify employees.”可矢口手握芯片,人们可以进入办公楼，购买食物，登录电脑等等，只需在扫描仪附近挥动这只手这些芯片还将被用来识别员工由此可知，第三段主要是在说明这种芯片能够给人们带来便利的优势故选Bo

6.What doesthe underlinedword“them”in Paragraph5refer toA.the handsB.the employeesC.the creditcards D.the scanners【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题扫描仪只能在芯片离扫描仪不到几英寸的地方读取芯片由此可知，此处此hem”指代上文中的the scanners“扫描仪”故选D

7.We caninfer that.A.thechipsare popularamong theemployeesB.thechipshave magicpowersC.the priceof thechips isreasonableD.most peoplesuspect theapplication of thechips【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据第二段中“About50out of80employees havechosen todo so.”超半数的员工选择植入微型芯片，由此可知该芯片受欢迎故选A

8.Which of the followingbest describesTodd Westbysattitudetowards thechipsA.De fensi ve.B.Disappointing.C.Optimistic.D.Casual.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中He says,uEventually,this technologywill becomestandardizedallowingyoutousethisasyourpassport,public transit,all purchasingopportunities,etc.”这项技术将会标准化，你可以将其用作护照、公共交通工具、支付方式等”由此可推知，Todd Westby对芯片的态度是乐观的故选CCKevin Randall,a teacher,who teachesbiology atGrandville High School,runs theenvironmentalclub atthe highschool,which hasaround2,000students.The clubis knownasthe GHS Green Team,and it aims to raise awareness among students and teachersabout sustainability（持续性）.It alsoworks onprojects to reduce theenvironmental footprintof the building itself.One of the clubsrecent projectsfocused onreducing waste intheschool cafeteria.Randallsaid theircafeteria supervisortold themthat theschool wentthrough54,000plastic forkseveryyear.The clubapplied fora financialhelp,built recyclingcenters forthe cafeteria,andpurchased metalsilverware.And nowevery studentuses adurable metalfork ora spooninstead of disposables.（一次性用品）,“and thatsjust oneway were tryingto capturethe low-hanging fruit,ifyouwill,“Randall said.The effortsof Randall and hisstudents haveearned GrandvilleHighSchoolthe MichiganGreenSchool certificationfrom thestate.In additionto theirwork reducing wasteinthe cafeteria,the GHSGreen Teamhas alsobuilt agarden withflowers andvegetables oncampus,and leadscleanupson siteand outinthecommunity.Over theyears,Randallandhisstudentshave alsobeen workingonraising moneyto install solar panels（太阳能板）on theroof ofthe highschool.Randall saidhe wasmotivated totake thelead onenvironmental issuesfor hisschool becausehewanted hisstudents tohave someoneto turntointhebuildingwhounderstandswhatsatstake（利害攸关）when itcomes toclimate change.“And Ialso feltlike Ineeded todo morein mylife formy owntwo childrenat home,Randall added,“They needto knowthat theirdad isworking ashard ashe cantoreduce the effectsofclimate change,and tospread theword,and tomake surethat otherstudents outthere arelearningabout thisjust theway theyare athome.”语篇解读这是一篇记叙文讲述了Kevin Randall老师在学校组织了一个环保俱乐部，带领学生进行环境保护相关的活动及成就，提高学生环境保护意识的故事

9.What isthe purposeofthe GHSGreen Team clubA.To inspirestudents lovefor biology.B.To finishthe projects assignedby school.C.To preparestudents fortheir futurejobs.D.To promoteenvironmental protection.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据第一1段“itaimstoraiseawarenessamongstudentsandteachersabout sustainability（持续性）.It alsoworks onprojects toreducetheenvironmental footprintofthebuildingitself.（它旨在增强学生们和老师们关于可持续发展的意识它也致力于减少建筑本身的环境面积的项目）可知，theGHSGreenTeamclub的目的在于促进环境保护故选D

10.Whats theresult ofthe projecton schoolcafeteriaA.It haschanged theoutlook ofthe cafeteria.B.Students canhave morefruits inthe cafeteria.C.Plastic forksare nolonger usedinthecafeteria.D.The schoolhas becomefamous nationwide.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题根据第三段“And nowevery studentuses adurable metalfork ora spooninsteadofdisposables.（一次性用品），”（现在每个学生都使用耐用的金属餐叉或勺子，而不是一次性餐具）可知，学校餐厅项目的结果是餐厅不再使用塑料餐具故选Co

11.Whats thefourth paragraphmainlyaboutA.The classificationoftheprojects.B.The characteristicsofthe club.C.The activitiesorganized bytheclub.D.The futureoftheclub.【答案】c【解析】主旨大意题根据第四段内容，“reducingwasteinthecafeteria”（减少餐厅废物的垃圾）；“built agarden withflowers andvegetables oncampusv（在校园里建立了有鲜花和蔬菜的花园）；“installsolarpanels（太阳能板）on theroof ofthe highschool（在高中屋顶安装太阳能电池板）；可知第四段的主要介绍了这个俱乐部组织的活动有哪些故选C

12.What wasRandall saim bydoing thework onen vironmen taiissuesA.To educatethe young.B.To getmaterial rewards.。