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Literature Review英语［C121XXXTes.o.th.D Urberville.i.generall.regarde.a.Toma.Hardy’.fines.novel.Sinc.it.publicatio.i.I89Li.ha.encountere.considerabl.concer.i.literar.criticism.Amon.thes.numerou.essay.dwell in.o.Tess.mos.criticism.an.interpretation.focu.o.probin.int.th.roo.o.Tess’.tragedy.Thes.scholar.ponde.Tess’.traged.fro.variou.perspective.an.giv..multitud.o.interpretation.o.thi.topic.Bu.n.on.ca.exhaus.suc..grea.workJther.i.stil.muc.roo.fo.furthe.consideratio.abou.Tess’.tragedy.Throug.severa.months.effort.i.searching.collectin.an.readin.a.abundanc.o.scholar.an.professors.literatur.c oncernin.cause.o.traged.o.Tess..hav.learne.muc.an.gaine..lo.o.dat....an.creat.th.follo win.essa.whic.summon.u.th.essenc.o.th.literature.
1.Analyses ofObjective Factorsin Tesss Tragedy.Th.Ag.Characteristi.an.th.Reb e.i.Tes.o.th.D Urberville...Feminin.Decodin.o.Tes.o.th.D Urberville.b.Jian.L.introduce.th.economi.backgroun.o.th.story.Jian.state.tha.th.stor.o.Tes.happene.durin.th.lat.hal.o.l9t.century.whic.witnesse.th.declin.an.destructio.o.th.Englis.peasantry.I.wa.a.ag.o.transitio.an.grea.socia.upheavals.Wit.th.developmen.o.capitalism.Englan.wa.slowl.developin.fro.it.forme.stat.o..mainl.agricultura.countr.t.it.ne.conditio.o..primaril.industria.society.becaus.o.whic.th.traditiona.self-sufftcien.societ.orde.i.th.countr.wa.broken.Helplessl.confronte.wit.th.change.th.countr.villager.wer.deprive.o.thei.lands.house.an.othe.possessions.Then.i.possessio.o.fe.thing.the.wer.force.t.immigrat.awa.fro.thei.accustome.lan.an.t.b.employe.a.far.workers.Therefore.countr.peasant.wer.inflicte.tragicall.b.th.industria.development.Thi.par.clearl.demonstrate.th.economi.situatio.o.th.farme.a.Victoria.ag.whic.i.quit.beneficia.t.m.pa per.A.Ecofeminis.Readin.o.Thoma.Hardy.Tes.o.th.D Urberville.b.Y.Ku.discusse.th.traged.o.Tes.fro.th.perspectiv.o.Ecofeminism,thi.pape.practicall.explore.th.clos.relationshi.betwee.wome.an.natur.an.women’.tragi.fat.a.th.resul.o.industrializatio.an.patriarcha.society.whic.help.m.understan.Tess’.traged.fro..ne.angle.I.point.ou.tha.a.th.lat.Victoria.Ag.whe.industrializatio.bega.t.encroac.upo.th.countrysid.rapidl.an.capitalis.develope.further.th.peasant.los.thei.lan.an.man.o.the.wer.impoverished.Tess’.family.withou.exeeption.wa.poverty-stricken.whic.turne.ou.t.b.th.ver.roo.o.he.tragedy.Tess.impelle.b.th.economi.pressur.fro.he.family.ha.t.g.t.clai.kindre.wit.prosperou.D Urberville.famil.wher.sh.me.evi.Ale.wh.deprive.o.he.virginity.an.i.wa.he.poo.famil.tha.mad.Tes.retur.t.Alec.Besides.th.societ.i.th.Victoria.perio.wa..man-dominate.society.woma.ha.t.sujfe.th.injustice.o.man-mad.law.th.la.b.whic.ma.an.woma.wer.no.equall.treate.i.term.o.morality.Ange.wh.se..doubl.mora.standar.fo.ma.an.woma.certainl.couldn’.conceiv.o..relationshi.o.equalit.wit.Tess.H.couldn’.forgiv.Tes.fo.he.los.o.virginit.althoug.h.himsel.ha.dissipate.past.Thu.h.finall.abandone.Tes.becaus.o.he.“impurity”.whie.gav.Tes..fata.blow.Th.Connotatio.an.Characteristi.o.aAngel.i.House.i.Victoria.Perio.o.Englan.b.Zen.Yayi.demonstrate.perfec.women.imag.i.people’.min.i.Victoria.period.I.say.tha..traditiona.Victoria.woma.i.suppose.t.b..perfec.woman.First.the.shoul.b.gentle.gracefu.an.charming.tha.i.t.kee.a.attractiv.appearance.Second.the.shoul.b.submissive.The.wer.taugh.t.b.sympathetic.gentl.an.Analysi.o.Traged.o.Tes.b.Tan.Xua.point.ou.tha.Tes.i..typica.femal.tragedy,considerin.th.conventio.an.th.bourgeoi.moralit.o.he.time.Th.las.year.o.th.nineteent.centu r.wer.th.Victoria.period.Victoria,mor edit,impose,rigi.nor.o.women,whic.demande.wome.t.b.pure.Th.los.o.virginit.wa..fata.blo.t.Tes.a.sh.wa.turne.agains.an.crushe.b.th.socia.convention.Lwa..man-dominate.society.i.whic.woma.ha.t.suffe.th.injustice.o.man-mad.law.th.la.b.whic.ma.an.woma.wer.no.equall.treate.i.term.o.moralit.an.th.us.o.doubl.standar.i.sexua.matter.wa.th.essentia.featur.o.th.Victoria.society.Thi.wa.wh.Tess.bein.violate.b.Alec.unfairl.suffere.fro.bein.morall.an.sociall.spurne.an.punishe・whil.Ale.remaine.fre.fro.an.socia.reprimands.Wha.i.more,accordin.t.th.Victoria.customs..ma.coul.liv..dissipatin.lif.a.h.ha.onc.don.whil..woma.coul.not.Thi.doubl.standar.fo.ma.an.woma.mad.i.impossibl.fo.Ange.wh.wa.dominate.b.th.conventiona.socia.custo.an.th.bourgeoi.vie.o.moralit.t.forgiv.Tess.Thi.par.help.ge..bette.ide.o.th.impac.o.socia.conventio.an.mor edit.o.Tess’.tragedy.Th.Rui.o..Pur.Woma..Analyse.o.th.Traged.o.Tes.b.Zho.Hon.say.tha.Tes.i.th.victi.o.capitalis.la.an.hypocritica.religion.Lstate.tha.Ale.dare.t.d.evi.a.hi.pleasur.no.onl.becaus.h.wa..ma.o.mone.an.power.bu.als.becaus.h.wa.unde.th.protectio.o.bourgeoi.la.whic.wa.employe.a..too.t.rul.ordinar.peopl.an.wa.alway.a.bourgeois.interest.Accordin.t.th.la w.i.wa.ironi.tha.th.ma.wh.seduce.Tes.wa.justifie.whil.Tes.wh.suffere.damag.wa.sinful.Oppresse.b.s.stron.socia.prejudice.Tes.wa.deprive.o.th.righ.t.protec.hersel.an.force.t.accep.th.unfai.treatmen.impose.o.her.Thus.sh.wa.doome.t.b..victi.o.powe.an.violence.Besides.hypocritica.religio.wa.als.closel.relate.t.Tess’.tragedy.I.capitalis.society.religio.wa.jus.use.a..too.t.lul.an.enslav.people.Whe.Tes.me.A le.again,t.Tess’.astonishmen..Alec.th.ma.wh.seduce.he.an.ruthlessl.pushe.he.int.th.abys.o.tragedy.coul.resor.t.Christianit.an.becam..pries.wh.aske.peopl.t.d.goo.deeds.Fro.thi.par..ca.se.tha.bot.bourgeoi.la.an.religio.ar.hypocritical.
2.Reflectio.o.Subjectiv.Factor.i.Tess.Tragedy.Analysi.o.Tess.Characte.b.X.Haib.focuse.o.Tess charade,t.exp lai.th.caus.o.Tesstragedy.I.point,ou.tha.th.charade,o.Tes.i.clo sei.relate,t.h e.fate.i.i.th.tensio.i.h e.characte.tha.lead.he.t.th.tragedy.Th.mos.obviou.one.ar.thos.betwee.humilit.an.pride.an.betwee.innocenc.an.sensuality.Ultimatel.i.ca.b.sai.tha.th.tensio.i.th.on.betwee.obedienc.an.rebellio.withi.he.character.Lpresent.tha.bot.historica.condition.an.livin.environmen.contribut.t.th.formatio.o.Tess’.character.Tes.ha.th.qualitie.o.kindness.honesty.diligenc.an.loyalt.whic.ar.share.b.th.labe.people.besides.sh.als.inh erit.th.prid.traditionall.associate,wit.nobl.families.bu.he.prid.i.conflicte.wit.he.socia.an.economi.position.Lthi.paper.th.autho.give..detaile.explanatio.wit.example.abou.t h.tensio.i.Tess’.charade,w hie.he Ip.m.bette.understan.hi.idea.Beside,i.point.ou.tha.ther.i.als.conflic.betwee.acquire.conventiona.belie.an.instinctiv.independenc.o.mind.an.betwee.ignoranc.an.educatio.i.Tess’.character.whic.ca.als.b.see.fro.man.cases.Fro.thi.article..ge..goo.knowledg.o.Tess’.characte.a.wel.a.it.relationshi.wit.he.fate.Stud.o.th.Tragi.Fat.o.Tes.b.Zho.Zhongxi.an.Wan.Yanwe.point.ou.tha.Tes.L.pur.woman.but.ironically.he.purit.become.th.decisiv.facto.o.he.tragedy.I.state.tha.Tess.pur.natur.i.full.embodie.b.he.stron.sens.o.responsibilit.an.sel.-sacrific.t.he.family.Whe.thei.hors.i.kille.i.a.unexpecte.accident.nobod.blame.Tes.a.sh.blame.herself.there/ore.sh.doesn’.ref us.one.mor.he.parent’.suggestio.t.clai.ki.wit.th.wealth.D Urberville.famil.althoug.sh.i.no.willin.t.d.so.Thi.i.th.ver.actio.tha.ruin.al.he.life.sh.i.seduce.b.Ale.an.late.give.birt.t.a.illegitimat.baby.Moreover.he.sens.o.responsibilit.i.als.clearl.reveale.whe.sh.become..mistres.o.Ale.becaus.o.th.desperat.situatio.o.he.fam Uy.Tess’.purit.i.als.displaye.i.he.honest.an.loyalt.t.love.Whe.sh.i.seduce.b.Alec.sh.bravel.choose.t.leav.hi.a.onc.irrespectiv.o.th.pressur.o.he.famil.an.th.society.becaus.sh.realize.tha.sh.ha.neve.love.Alec.A.t.Angle.sh.fall.i.lov.wit.hi.deeply.bu.sh.continuousl.refuse.Angle’.wooin.becaus.sh.think.he.bein.hi.wif.L.sham.fo.him.Lorde.t.protec.Angle.sh.i.willin.t.sacrific.he.ow.feelin.an.happiness.Althoug.sh.accept.Angl.a.last.sh.decide.t.disclos.he.pas.t.hi.becaus.o.he.honest.an.tru.lov.fo.Angle.Bu.he.confessio.onl.result.i.a.en.o.thei.marriage.sh.i.deserte.b.he.heartles.husband.whic.lead.t.he.miserabl.lif.soo.afterwards.Thi.pape.offer.m..goo.ide.o.th.relationshi.betwee.Tess’.purit.an.he.tragedy.Urberville.b.PengYa.mention.th.persecutio.o.religio.o.Tess.Brough,u.i..heavil.religiou.environment.Tes.i.deepl.poisone.b.religiou.thought.whic.force.Tes.t.bea.enormou.psychologica.pressur.an.induce.he.t.sin.int.tragica.abyss.Tes.i..victi.o.religiou.doctri ne.Whe.he.bab.i.dying.sh.suddenl.realize.tha.sh.hasn’.bee.baptize.an.therefor.wil.di.withou.salvatio.an.g.t.hell.bu.n.parso.i.willin.t.d.i.fo.he.baby.s.sh.decide.t.baptiz-he.bab.b.herself.Obviously.al.he.terror.abou.th.hel.ar.comin.fro.th.religiou.doctrin.taugh.t.her.Besides.althoug.sh.use.t.doub.th.existenc.o.Go.whe.sh.feel.desperat.towar.life.sh.can’.fre.hersel.fro.th.shado.o.religion.Sh.alway.use.religiou.though.t.imagine.explai.an.symboliz.he.miserabl.life.Whe.sh.meet..ma.writin.biblica.text.o.walls.sh.consciousl.feel.ashame.an.guilt.fo.he.los.o.virginity.althoug.i.i.no.he.fault.Sh.i.alway.self-contemp.an.keep.torturin.hersel.b.hypocritica.religio.thought.Fro.thi.par..ge.t.kno.religion.impac.o.Tess.M.Opinio.abou.Tes.o.th.D Urberville.b.L.Hongla.point.ou.he.family’.rol.i.causin.he.tragedy.I.say.tha.Tess’.paren t.ar.ignoran.an.vain,whic.lead.directl.t.Tess’.tragedy.Tess’.father.Jac.i.lazy.selfis.an.foolish.Whe.h.hear.o.th.new.abou.hi.nobl.ancestry.h.think.hi.famil.wil.surel.becom.ric.i.onl.Tes.g.t.clai.kinshi.wit.th.wealth.family.Whe.Tes.i.seduce.b.Alec.h.doesn’.car.abou.hi.daughter’.feeling.an.loc.th.doo.t.preven.Tes.fro.goin.out.th.onl.thin.tha.worrie.hi.i.wha.other.wil.thin.o.thi.collaps.o.hi.famil.pride.Besides.Tess’.mo the.Joa.i.n.bette.tha.Jack.Th.new.o.ancestr.als.ajfect.her.sh.want.he.daughte.t.ris.i.th.worl.b.makin..successfu.marriag.an.thu.brin.fortune.t.th.whol.family.Whe.Tes.choose,t.lea v.A lec.sh.blame.Tes.fo.no.marryin.hi.an.whe.Tes.i.deserte.b.Angle.sh.think.i.i.al.Tess’.fault.A.th.sam.time.he.fathe.doesn’.sho.sympath.fo.Tes.either.h.eve.doubt.abou.he.marriage.w hie.make.Tes.unabl.t.liv.a.hom.an.more.Sinc.he.parent.canno.b.relie.on.Tes.take.o.he.younge.shoulde.th.famil.burdens.Sh.ha..stron.sens.o.responsibilit.toward.he.famil.an.a.almos.ever.stag.o.he.lif.i.i.he.concer.fo.famil.tha.influence.he.actions-fro.he.agreemen.t.clai.kinshi.t.famil.D Urbervill.righ.t.he.fina.decisio.t.retur.t.Ale.i.totall.du.t.he.responsibilit.t.suppor.he.family.Fro.thi.analysis..ge..comprehensiv.knowledg.abou.th.influenc.o.Tess’.famil.o.he.tragedy.Tess^.Pur.bu.Tragi.Woma.b.Zhan.Qu.discusse.th.influenc.o.tw.me..Ale.an.Angl.o.Tess’.tragedy.Lexplain.tha.Alec.typica.o..bourgeoi.villain.metamorphose.himsel.int.th.m or.dign ifie.styl.o.Ale.D Urbervill.an.decorate.himsel.a..ma.o.nic.heart.H.take.advantag.o.Tess’.povert.an.innocence.an.seduce.he.o.purpose.Thu..Tes.intend.t.loo.fo..wa.ou.bu.i.drive.b.hi.t..wa.wit..dea.end.O.th.othe.hand.Angl.i..representativ.o.bourgeoi.intellectuals.H.regard.himsel.a..ma.ful.o.ne.thought.wh.isn’.boun.b.socia.customs.However.a..matte.o.fact.h.couldn’.fre.himsel.fro.it.H.idealize.Tes.a.symbo.o.purit.an.pursue.he.enthusiasticaly.bu.deser.he.a.soo.a.Tess’.confession.Give.u.b.he.husband.Tes.can’.suppor.he.famil.o.he.ow.an.sh.i.foece.b.th.deat.o.he.fathe.an.consequen.los.o.thei.cottag.t.succumb.t.Ale.t.b.hi.mistress.Bu.ou.o.he.expection.Angl.come.back.sh.i.s.shocke.an.regretful.tha.sh.kill.Alec.becaus.sh.think.i.i.th.onl.wa.out.Fro.thi.analysis..ge..sens.o.thes.tw.men’.impac.o.Tes.an..wil.us.som.o.hi.ide.i.m.paper.JO.Fatalis.an.Pessimisti.Vie.i.Thoma.Hardy.Tes.o.th.D Urberville.b.H.Y.say.tha.Tess.traged.i.relate.t.Thoma.Hardy.fatalisti.outloo.o.lif e.Tess’.lif.ca.b.divide.int.severa.stage.an.ever.stag.i.sprinkle..serie.o.coincidence.th a.pus.Tes.t.th.doome.abyss.I.thi.paper.i.give.detail.abou.thes.coincides.A.th.outset.Tess’.fathe.Joh.Durbeyfiel.i.s.excite.a.th.new.o.he.ancesto.tha.h.drin.himsel.drunk.s.Tes.ha.t.replac.he.fathe.t.sen.th.beehive.t.th.market.The.th.accidenta.deat.o.th.hors.Prine,destroy,th.fam Uy.livelihood.s.Tes.i.force.t.g.t.clai.ki.wit.th.wealth.D Urberville.family.wher.sh.i.seduce.b.Alec.Afte.thi.grea.frustration.sh.happen.t.meet.Angl.an.fall.i.lov.wit.him.Whe.sh.i.abou.t.marr.him.Tes.decide.t.writ.he.pas.i..lette.an.thrust.i.fro.unde.th.doo.int.Angel’.bedroom.Bu.th.pape.get.mislai.unde.th.carpe.cide.t.visi.Angel’.parent.an.ask.the.fo.help.sh.unfortunatel.overhear.th.conversatio.o.Angel’.brothers.the.sh.giv.u.askin.hel.fro.them.Ther.i.als.th.coincidenc.tha.sh.reencounter.wit.Ale.a.exactl.th.momen.whe.sh.i.mos.vulnerable.the.sh.become.he.mistress.Considerin.thes.coincides..thin.tha.ther.i.clos.relationshi.betwee.Tess’.traged.an.thes.coincidences.althoug.the.al.happe.b.chance.Tragi.Consciousnes.Inherite.an.Futur.Develope.i.Hardy’.Novel.O.Th.TragicaInes.i.Tes.o.D Urberville.an.Jud.th.Obscur.b.Zu.Yanr.say.tha.Thoma.Hard.i.a.inherito.o.classic a.tragedy.s.h.naturall.transplantin.th.idea.o.fatalis.int.hi.traged.novels.an.Tes.o.th.D Urberville.i..typica.one.Ltell.tha.Hardy’.perspectiv.o.fatalis.ha.tw.dis tinetiv.features.First.hi.fatalis.ofte.arise.fro.th.externa.environment.bot.socia.an.physical.an.th.interna.characte.o.th.protagonists.Thi.realisti.concer.i..ne.aspec.o.fatalism.Second.i.or de.t.achiev.th.de sire,tragi,effect.Hardy’.des truetiv.force,ar.reflecte.a.th.combinatio.o.accident.an.inevitabilities.whic.aim.t.produc..stron.sens.o.fate.Th.tw.feature.make.Hardy’.novel.produc..stron.sens.o.fatalism.Thi.introductio.let.m.kno.th.characte.o.Hardy’.fatalis.an.it.influenc.o.th.novel.Havin.rea.th.abov.literatur.concernin.th.analyse.o.Tess.tragedy.w.hav.n.difficuel.o.th.caus.o.Tess.tragedy.Mos.o.the.prob.int.thi.fiel.fro.th.perspectiv.o.socia.background.th.heroine.inne.factor.o.th.heroe.destructiv.impact.ther.ar.no.man.othe.interpretations.however.al.o.the.giv.m.goo.guid.t.thi.topi.an.hel.m.gai..bette.understandin.o.variou.element.relatin.t.Tess.tragedy.i.als.evoke.m.interes.toward.thi.topi.an.stimulate.m.t.stud.thi.topi.fro..ne.perspective.I.m.paper..ten.t.analyz.th.traged.o.Tes.fro.individua.choice.wit.th.hel.o.th.achievement.o.th.critica.stud.don.b.th.forme.Hard.scholars.an..hop.tha..ca.mak.som.contributio.t.thi.fiel.b.readin.extensiveLan.analyzin.th.literature.References语文学刊高教•外文版X.Haibo.Analysi.o.Tess.Characte.[J].
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