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专项五中考题型重难点完形填空之说明文
25.命题特点分析1开头点题说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的
1.
1.前提结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑
1.
2.关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义度较大说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为
1.
3.复杂说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物
1.
4.的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理
1.
5..解题方法2快速弄清文章大意
2.
1.对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意弄清楚说明的顺序
2.
2.把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节23把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解注重上下文语境
2.
4.（始）mechanical fins.The mouthand gillscan alsoopen andclose like a sharks.The robotcan reachthe66of10meters andoperate for6710hours,said FangXuelin,a seniorresearcherat thefactory^Underwater PropulsionTechnology Laboratorywho isincharge of the robotshark program.The（预设的）（传感器）,shark can be remotely68and canalso swimbased onpreset programsor itsown sensorshe said.“Our robotsare toserve threepurposes—to performin aquariums69entertainment,spread knowledgeabout theseaand aquaticanimals70youngsters,and71scientific taskssuch ashydro logicalsurveys,underwater photographyandenvironmental inspection.（灭绝的）The factorynow plansto developmore types of aquaticrobots.72some extinctmammals,for displayin（推进）（打parks andschools.It willalso promotethe productsto businessengaged infields such as underwatersalvage捞）and mineralprospecting.
61.A.on displayB.in showC.on dutyD.in place
62.A.Made B.Performed C.Designed D.Solved
63.A.weighs B.measures C.reaches D.deepens
64.A.on B.with C.in D.at
65.A.land B.float C.raise D.breathe
66.A.depth B.length C.weight D.height
67.A.as faras B.as longas C.as wideas D.the sameas
68.A.controlled B.replied C.passed D.received
69.A.for B.to C.on D.of
70.A.of B.with C.among D.beyond
71.A.break outB.carry outC・carry onD.break in
72.A.except B.including C.within D.unlike应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服”思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则:25上下一致每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选1语法正确从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法2逻辑合理在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不3合语境逻辑的符合搭配英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目4［命题趋势试题难度保持基本稳定
1.强调考生的通篇理解能力大部分题需从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断，体现出了突出
2.语篇”的命题风格考查内容主要以实词为主，其中各词考查比例稍微有变动纵观近三年的中考题，动词、名词、形容词、
3.副词和代词等实词的比例始终稳定占据左右80%.有少量题目对初中学生提出了新的要求，即在掌握了双基的基础上对英语知识有一定的扩展要求初中4学生在掌握双基的基础上必须扩展知识面，特别是要注重开发大纲内动词的用法典例解析（•四川眉山•统考中考真题）2020In the US,lots ofpeople havewaimai,or food delivered to their home.Pizza andChinese foodare popular.The delivery73can usuallyget the food toyour doorin halfan hour.But wanmaifor otherthings is not soquick in the US.For example,if youorder toothpasteor cookingoil,it willusually74at leastone dayto arrive.Here in China.I canorder nearlyanything andget it75just30to45minutes.Did Iforget tobuy onionsand cabbagesformaking dinnerNo problem—waimai willdeliver itsoon.There iseven waimaifor things76medicine andsnacks.Some peoplesay thismakes peoplelazier.I guesstheyre notwrong.But Ireally lovethe77life.
73.A.drivers B・postmen C.policemen D.cleaners
74.A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay
75.A.at B.for C.after D.in
76.A.as forB.such asc.rather thanD.instead of
77.A.comfortable B.convenient c.careful D.common【短文大意】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍美国的外卖和中国的外卖的不同之处，中国的外卖可以预订更多的事物而且有些东西送到的时间也更短作者喜欢这种便利的生活方式【答案解析】句意送外卖的司机通常可以在半个小时内将食物送到你门口
73.司机；由递员；警察；清洁工根据前文可知外drivers postmenB policemencleaners“fooddeliveredtotheirhome”卖需要司机送到你门口，用名词故选drivers A句意例如，如果你预订牙膏或者食用油，通常要花至少一天的时间才能到达
74.某人花费时间在某物上或做某事；某物花某人多少钱；做某事花某人多长时间；某人为某物spend costtake pay付款句中是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式此处表达“到达要花多长时间”用动词故选it tarrive,take,C句意我可以预订几乎任何的东西而且可以在到分钟内就能得到它
76.对于;例如；而不是；而不是根据可知是在举例说明，as forsuch asrather thaninstead of“medicine andsnacks”用短语故选such asB句意但是我真的喜欢这种便利的生活
77.舒服的；便利的；小心的；平常的根据前文讲述的外卖可以在很短时间comfortable convenientcareful common送任何东西，可以此处用形容词表达“便利的故选convenient B（.安徽淮南•统考二模）（好客的）.2022Chinese people are well-known forbeing hospitableMany evenfeelthat theywill loseface iftheir1eat upall thefood on the table.As weall know,food wastebecomes a2problem inChina.Luckily,this situationcan be3with thehelp ofa rule.（罚款）According tothe rule,food providerswho encourageor forcepeople to4too muchfood mayface finesof upto10,000yuan.And theyshould remindpeople toorder the5amount offood.Besides,peopleareencouraged tofinish allthefoodon thedining table.Now manypeople showtheir supportfor the（吃剩rule bysharing photosand videosof empty6online.And manyChinese peoplehave7the habitof takingleftovers的食物）home.The purposeof introducingthe ruleis not to8anybody,but to avoid foodwaste.Wasting food isnotjust a waste ofmoney,but more.9,it isawasteof resources（资源）・Its necessaryto createanenvironmentally friendly
10.In aword,there isno excusefor wastingfood.
1.A.leaders B.winners C.guests D・officers
2.A.simple B.serious C.possible D.different
3.A.changed B.accepted C.created D.returned
4.A.sell B.order C.cook D・taste
5.A.same B.total C.large D・proper
6.A.chairs B.bowls C.buses D.rooms
7.A.expected B.broken C.discovered D.developed
8.A.punish B.allow C.invite D.understand
9.A.naturally B.similarly C.importantly D.interestingly
10.A.society B.family C.school D.company（•广东广州•校考二模）2021It isa coldand drywinter morning.When you
11.you suddenlyfeel thatyourthroat hurts.You beginto sneezeand lateryou maycough.You musthave acold!Wait asecond.Could itjust bea12cold orthe fluthats beengoing around（何A coldgives you a runnynose andcough.But itsusually easyto13with.Some takemedicine such as aspirinI司匹林）14others tryhome treatmentslike herbaltea orchicken soup.Usually youfeel betterafter aweek.The fluon the other hand can bemuch more15It usuallygives youfever.Sometimes it can bedeadly.The worstflu,the so-called SpanishFlu of1918to1919,killed about50million people,according toThe Atlantic.（流感疫苗）Dont worry.Getting aflu vaccinecan16you from the virus.Flu vaccineswork bygiving thebody a（抗体）.small amountof fluviruses.This causesour bodyto developantibodies17next time you getthe flu,the antibodiescan help protectyou.Unfortunately,the fluvirus18every fewyears.Therefore,there areso manytypes offlu,such asH1N1and H5N
1.The antibodiesfor onetype offlu cantprotect usagainst alltypesofflu.Thats19we needto getthe vaccineevery year.However,good health20may alsohelp toprevent acold orflu.Washing yourhands oftenhelps protectyou fromviruses.Getting regularexercise andeating healthyfoodisalso important.All thesecanhelpyou strengthenyour immune（免疫系统）.system
11.A.stand upB.turn upC.give upD・wake up
12.A.common B.little C.popular D・strange
13.A.agree B.deal C・meet D.start
14.A.because B.after C.until D.while
15.A.interesting B.familiar C.dangerous D.smooth
16.A.protect B.leave C・recover D・draw
17.A.So B.Unless C.Since D.As
18.A.stops B.changes C.spreads D.kills
19.A.how B.when C・whether D.why
20.A.clubs B.customs C.habits D.hobbies（•河北石家庄统考三模）2022♦If afriend helpsyoualot,what doyou doin returnYou couldjust say“thanks”,or（）you couldwrite aan21note whichis morepolite.But most people dontdo this.Why dontpeople like22thank-you（反应）notes Andhow domostpeoplereact when they23one Kumarfrom Universityof Texasmade astudy ofit.Heasked eachstudent towrite athank-you noteto anotherperson（接受者）24email.Then,they questionedboth thewriter and the recipientabout thenote and how itmade themfeel.They foundthere wereseveral25for peoplenottowrite thank-you notes.They feellike theyhave tothink toomuch aboutit.They26what to say andhow tosay itThey alsooverthink thecorrectness”of whatthey arewriting.But people27like receivingthank-you notes.t€As recipients,they payattention to（）（积极的）the28of thethank,Kumar says,Besides,they recipientsfeel positive29they werereceiving theseexpressions.If peopleknew thatwriting athank-you notecan havesucha big influenceontherecipient,they woulddo itmore30,Kumar adds.Kumar saysthis studytold usthat“simple,small changesin oureveryday livescan makeabigdifference inhow wetreatother peopleandhowwe fbeL”
21.A.advice B.thank-you C.instructions D.sale
22.A.reading B.copying C.finding D.sending
23.A.write B.hear C.receive D.offer
24.A.by B.inC.at D.for
25.A.forms B.reasons C.skills D.uses
26.A.care forB.take downC・worry aboutD・make up
27.A.easily B.recently C.finally D.really
28.A,warmth B.time C.result D.spirit
29.A,before B.when C.if D.though
30.A.seldom B.hardly C.often D.usually（•山东淄博•统考一模）2022COVID-19outbreak drivesthe generalpublic totake measuresto protectthemselves.（口罩）In manyAsian countriesits31to seepeople wearing masks in public.However,this practiceis almostunheard-of inmany Western countries.In manyAsian countries,people withcolds are32to wearmasks toprevent othersfrom gettingsick.Some people（过敏症）（酉with allergiesfeel thatwearing maskshelps thembreathe better.Masks have33become afashion accessory己饰）.Some peoplelike themysterious34masks give them,while othersenjoy thefeeling ofprivacy theyprovide inpublic.However,in mostWesterncountries,masks areonly wornby hospitalworkers and
35.If youwear oneinpublic,people mightfind itunusual ormay worrythat youhave aterrible disease.Whats more,masks arentusuallythought asa wayto36illness.Instead,more attentionis paidon handwashing,and peoplewho aresick areencouraged tostayhome.In additionin37like France,Italy,and Austria,it isactually againstlaws towear amask inpublic.The lawstry tostoppeople fromhiding theirfaces forpublic safety.This is38wearing amask wouldmake itmoredifficult for the policeto finda criminal.Some countries39wearingmasksonly inhigh-rick situations,such aspublic（罚款）.events orprotests.In others,wearing amask anywhereinpubliccould verywell resultin afineAs youcan see,masks aretreated very40in AsiaandtheWest.While culturaldifferences likethese
31.A.common B.difficult C.special D.comfortable
32.A.refused B・remembered C・encouraged D.disagreed
33.A.still B.also C.instead D.yet
34.A.sound B.taste C.smell D.look
35.A.patients B・students C.teachers D.players
36.A.develop B・reach C・prevent D.find
37.A.villages B-towns C.cities D.countries
38.A.although B・because C.unless D.until
39.A.allow B・accept C.study D.believe
40.A.easily B.importantly C.differently D.carefullyare importanttoavoid,we shouldall tryto understandand respecteach otherno matterwhat.（•河北•模拟预测）（以前的）2022Customers in the USspend lessmoney on Black Fridaythan previousyears.Black Fridayis the day afterThanksgiving inthe US.Thanksgiving isalways the fourth41in November.Black Fridayis traditionallythedaywhentheChristmas shoppingperiod begins.It isusually oneof the42days ofthe yearfor sellers.Many sellers43their pricesto encourageshoppers tospend theirmoney.Some customersarrive atstores beforetheyopen,and waitin linefor achance tobuy44things.（）Last year,Americans45a totalof$
57.4billion overthefourdays fromThursday toSunday.However,this year,experts thinkthat theamount will46to around$
50.9billion.Black Fridaystarted intheUS,but hasbecome morepopular inother47recently.Many customersfromtheUK havestarted spendingmore moneyonBlackFriday,even thoughBritish peopledontcelebrate Thanksgiving.、Online sellerAmazon UKsaid thatFriday wasits busiestday ever.According tothe48customersbought
5.5million productson Friday,which wasaround64things persecond.Many storesintheUK alsooffered cheap49,suchasTVs,coffee machinesand otherelectronicproducts.In somestores shoppers50to leavethe store,even thoughall ofthe productshad alreadybeensold out.
41.A.Monday B.Tuesday C.Wednesday D.Thursday
42.A.busiest B.coldest C.quietest D.longest
43.A.raise B.rise C・reduce D.change
44.A.heavy B.big C.cheap D.special
45.A.made B.spent C.took D.paid
46.A.increase B.add C・drop D・get
47.A.cities B.mountains C.towns D.countries
48.A.website B.study C・story D.diary
49.A.vegetables B.products C.fruits D.snacks
50.A.hoped B.decided C.refused D.tried（•江苏苏州•统考一模）（信封）2020When Igot hometheotherday,I founda lovelyred envelopewaiting forme.（祝贺）It wasa notefrom afriend ofmine,congratulating meon mynew book.It was51unexpected andjoyful.In a52world whereeveryone istoo rushedfor everything,here aresome waysthat youcanbea morewonderfulhuman:Rediscover snailmailAnd notjust forlifes bigevents.Consider53ones youcan sticka stampon andsend lovetoward.Maybe someonelosttheir dog,and youwant toexpress your
54.Maybe aclassmate didsomething brave,and youwant toshow gratefulnessor thanks.Smile anddialWhen wasthe lasttimeyou55someone towish thema happybirthday,to getwell ortosaythank you（Text messagesare great.But whensomeone picksup thephone,you heartheir voiceandcanshare alaugh or even）俵情符号）a crytogether,and it56an emojiany dayoftheweek.Ask someonetheir goals+give alittle somethingAsksomeone abouttheir goalsfortheyear isa verygenerous act.This kindof questiongoes（表面的）57surface conversationand leadsyou toreally getto knowa person.Ask justout ofcuriosity.Besides,givethemsomething thatmight helpthem:a book,a connection,orevenjust afew wordsof」58Share yourblessingsI madea promiseearlier thisyear togive alittle moneyevery monthto charity.I59myself oftenof somethingthatAnne Frankwrote:How wonderfulit isthat60need waita singlemoment beforestarting toimprove theworld.Thepowers alwaysours.
51.A.completely B.carefully C・correctly D.peacefully
52.A.lazy B-busy C.crazy D.silly
53.A.luckier B・better C.smaller D.stranger
54.A.sadness B・carelessness C.happiness D.illness
55.A.asked B.told C.mistake D.called
56.A.loses B.shuts C.steals D・beats
57.A.through B.beyond C・across D.forC.government D.instrument
58.A.encouragementB.developmentC.remind D・remember
59.A.reach B.recordC.anybody D.somebody
60.A.everybody B.nobody（.江苏常州.统考一模）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项2022A BC DResearchersat ChinaAerospace Scienceand IndustryCorp havedeveloped andmade theworlds firstrobot whale（水族馆）shark,which hasbeen61in anaquarium atShanghai HaichangOcean Parkinthecitys PudongNew AreasinceJanuary.The whaleshark isa slow-moving carpetshark andthe largestknown livingfish.62and builtby engineersat theShenyang-based No.Ill Factory,the underwaterrobot is
4.7meters long,63350kilogramsand canmove64the speedof42meters aminute.（锂）Powered bya lithiumbattery,itcanswim,turn,65and divelikeareal sharkby movingits。
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