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专项二时态、语态重难点被动语态17一被动语态的句型句型构成例句主语+过去分词be+肯定句到处有人说英语English isspoken everywhere.+by...主语+过be+not+否定句这里的人不说英语English isntspoken bypeople here.去分词+by…主语+过去分一汤姆被要求早点来吗？Be+Was Tomasked tocome early一般疑问句词+一是的，他被要求了不，他没有by...Yes,he was./No,he wasift.特殊疑问词主+be+政府为什么要Why wasthis bridgedestroyed by the government语+过去分词特殊疑问句拆毁这座桥？+by.・・？二被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句主语+am/is/are+History ismade by the people.历史是人们创造的一般现在时过去分词+其他These books are designedfor children.这些书是为孩子们设计的主语+was/were+The letterwas writtenin English.这封信是用英语写的一般过去时过去分词+其他这些车是上海生产的The carswere madein Shanghai.你的工作将保留至你回来Your jobwill bekept openfor yourreturn.主语+过will be+一般将来时去分词+其他When willthe workbe finished这项工作什么时候完成？一条新铁路正在修建A newrailway isbeing built.主语+am/is/am+being现在进行时因为我Because mycar isbeing repaired,I haveto goto workby taxi.过去分词+其他+的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班这个个The hallwas beingbuilt lastyear.F mnot sureif itis completed.主语+was/were+being大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有过去进行时+过去分词+其他The roadwas beingwidened when I passedbythe village.当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽.他已经被派往上海工作了He has been sentto workin Shanghai主语+have/has been+运动会已经Has thesports meetingbeen putoff untilnext Friday现在完成时过去分词+其他推迟到下周五了吗？我们来之前已经有人The roomhad beenbroken intobefore wecame.主语+had been+强行进过这间屋子过去完成时过去分词+其他我到那儿时，一座新旅馆A newhotel hadbeen builtwhenIgot there.已经建好了主语+情态动词+be+过Her temperatureshould betaken twicea day.她的体温应该天量两次情态动词去分词+其他如果受热，水会变成蒸气If heated,water can be turnedinto vapour.三被动语态的用法用法例句这个单词怎么发音？How isthis wordpronounced不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者这本书是年出版的The bookwas publishedin
2005.2005强调动作的承受者我们村将开办一所新的希望学校School will be openedin ourvillage.当动作的执行者是泛指时有人怀疑他抢劫银行He issuspected ofrobbing thebank.表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的有人多次告诉我不I have been toldmany timesnot tomake noises.执行者要吵闹The lecturewill be made byJoe,who isa youngmusician fromItaly.句法修饰的需要乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家他出生在这个城市He wasbom inthis city.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态据报道，他是来自It isreported thathe isa professorfrom NewZealand.新西兰的一位教授四主动语态变被动语态说明例句The famous professor gavetwo lecturesin English.—Two lectureswere givenbythefamousprofessorin含有单个宾语的主动句，即”主语+谓语动词+English.宾语”把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语They oftenask somequestions afterclass.改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，—Some questionsare oftenasked bythem afterclass.则需加上“主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）by+他们经常在课后问一些问题含有双宾语的主动句，即”主语+间接宾语+直The doctorgave mesome goodadvice onthe pronunciation.接宾语”当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将—1was givensome goodadvice onthe pronunciation.间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的一Some goodadvice wasgiven tome onthe pronunciation.主语，而另一个保持不动但是，当直接宾语老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词或to orWecall himLi Hua.含有复合宾语的主动句，即”主语+宾语+宾语我们叫他李华^He iscalled LiHua.补足语”把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，They paintedthe roomwhite.宾补保持不动（成为主语补足语，简称主补）一.他们把房间刷成了白色The roomwas paintedwhite【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式不寸勺to,BPbe seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made todo sth”They sawher enter the meeting room just now.刚才他们看见她进入了会议室—She wasseen toenterthemeetingroomjustnow.They takegood careof thesechildren.一These childrenare takengood careof.他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句谓语为We shouldmake full use of the goodchance.及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态一The goodchance should bemadefulluseof.我们应该充分利用这次好机会【易错警示】动词矩语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉五主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表The clothwashes well.这种布料很容易洗.达被动意义,如lock,open,read,sell,teach,A freshlybaked cakedoesn91cut easily.刚烤好的蛋糕不容易等wash,write切表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动这段音乐听起来不错This pieceof musicsounds good.意义,如smell,feeb taste,sound等Mooncakes tastedelicious.月饼尝起来很美味某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动这辆自行车需要修理The bikeneeds repairing.意义，如need,want,require,worth等Your hairwants cutting.你的头发该理了【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组坐着，就座躲藏迷路be seatedbe hiddenbe lost喝醉穿着be drunkbe dressed被动语态记忆口诀被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调”宾“，用加上“过去分”be o”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准“be“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“来引by”原句若是双宾语，一变“主“来一保”宾““间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾“还是“宾”“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾“前加“最称心to”唯有原“宾“是“复合”，只有变宾要当心原句宾补“变”主补”，位置不必挪寸分情态动词变“被动”，情态加加过分be如若“情态”后带变后有才弄准to,to“短语动词”变“被动“，相当“及物“莫疑心不过其后“介“或”副”，变后还得要承认动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查中考考查重点被动语态的句型；被动语态的各种时态形式；被动语态的用法；主动语态变被动语态；主动形式
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5.表示被动意义典例解析A.were run out B.run outC.were put out D.put out（•无锡市）2020The bushfires inAustralia aftera fewmonths,leaving millionsof animalsdead.【答案】C【解析】句意澳大利亚的丛林大火在几个月后被扑灭，造成了数以百万计的动物死亡考查一般过去时的被动语态及动词短语辨析耗尽；扑灭根据句意可知，这里指的是大火被扑灭，又因讲的是过去runoutputout的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态故选C限时检测
一、单项选择（•内蒙古•中考真题）一
1.2022What amess!The sharingbikes everywhere.一Lefs collectand putthem in the rightplace sothat theycanbeused conveniently.A.throw B.threw C.is thrownD.are thrown
2.（2022・辽宁抚顺•统考中考真题）Its saidthat thekite inChina over2000years ago.A.invents B.invented C.was inventedD.is invented（•湖南株洲•统考中考真题）（宇航员）
3.2022Three Chineseastronauts toChina SpaceStation successfullyon June5,
2022.A.sent B.are sentC.were sent（•山东济南•统考中考真题）
4.2022The storyof Xiaohuiis sotouching thatit willnever byus.A.is forgottenB.forget C.be forgottenD.forgot
5.（2022・广西河池・统考中考真题）Some newschools in our citynext year.A.are builtB.were builtC.will buildD.will bebuilt（•广西百色•统考二模）
6.2022So far,many peopleslives withthe helpof thedoctors andnurses.A.are savedB.were savedC.will besaved D.have beensaved（•江西南昌•模拟预测）
7.2022Dont eatthe cake.It inthe fridgefor morethan aweek.A.will bekept B.keeps C.has beenkept D.kept
8.（2022・湖北黄石•校联考模拟预测）一The airinthepark isreally fresh!一Exactly!A lotof more trees inthe lastfew yearshere.A.have plantedB.were plantedC.planted D.have beenplanted
9.（2022•江西景德镇•统考一模）（）Recently,the AwakeningAge thattalks aboutChinas revolutionarystoriesby youngpeople in our country.A.is welcomedB.has welcomedC.has beenwelcomed D.was welcomed（.新疆乌鲁木齐•统考——模）（汽车）
10.2022So far,new energyautomobiles bymore andmore peopleinourcity.A.will useB.willbeused C.have usedD.have beenused
11.・（2022•广西贵港•统考三模）一To protectthe environmentinourcity,moretreeson bothsides ofthestreets.一Youre right.A.should plantB.should beplant C.shouldbeplanted D.is planted
12.（2022・甘肃天水•校联考模拟预测）This storybookwell andits reallyworth.A.sells;to readB.is sold;reading C.has beensold;reading D.sells;reading
13.（2022•黑龙江哈尔滨・哈尔滨市第四十九中学校校考模拟预测）一I amweak inreading.Every time,I alwaysmakesome mistakeswith readingquestions.一I know.But Ithink thereading methodsyou areused to.A.need improvingB.needing toimprove C.need toimprove
14.（2022・广西柳州・统考一模）The oldman after.A.needs lookingB.need tolook C.needs look（•四川凉山•统考模拟预测）
15.2022The ticketsfor FantasticBeasts:The SecretsofDumbledore well,and theywill soon.A.are sold;sell outB.are sold;be soldoutC.sell;sell outD.sell;be soldout
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
16.（2022・西藏•统考中考真题）We areasked（take）our temperatureevery day.（•甘肃定西•统考二模）（）
17.2022In orderto livein abetter place,the naturalenvironment mustprotect byall thepeople.（•江苏无锡•统考二模）一
18.2022I reallyfind itdifficult tochoose onebetween thetwo types.一（）Dont worry,madam.Both aremade ofsilk andwash easily.（•黑龙江•统考一模）（）
19.2022Your mobilephone needsturn offwhile havinga meeting.
20.（2022,湖南永州・统考模拟预测）We mustobey thetraffic rulesbecause manypeople（kill）in trafficaccidentsevery year.
三、完成句子
21.（
2020.辽宁营口.统考中考真题）许多明信片正在这家商店出售Many postcardsare inthis shop.（.广东广州.执信中学校考三模）冰箱里三分之二的食物已经被吃光了
22.2022Two thirdsofthefood inthe fridge_______________________________already.
23.（
2022.辽宁鞍山•校考三模）你认为他的建议很值得考虑吗？Do youthink hissuggestions
24.（2022・湖北恩施・统考一模）恩施许多景点值得参观（worth）Many placesof interestin Enshi.
25.（
2022.甘肃定西•统考二模）所有的钱都被我花完了All ofthe moneyhasbeenby me.
四、根据首字母填空（•内蒙古•中考真题）
26.2022More thanhalf ofthe worldsbooksarew inChinese,including historicalwritingsand novels.（•四川•统考中考真题）
27.2022We learnedin schoolthat personalcomputers werei in
1971.
28.（2022•广西桂林・统考中考真题）Sally wasw upby herclock thismorning.（•四川成者、•统考中考真题）
29.2022Jiangnan,a famousarea inChina,has longbeen min manyChinesepoems forits beautifulstyle.（•江苏苏州•校考一模）
30.2022The badnews aboutthe poorboy wasquickly sall overthevillage.
五、根据汉语提示填空（•江苏扬州•中考真题）
31.2019In thepast,many riverswere seriously,but nowthey arecleaned up.（污染）
32.（2022・湖北襄阳•统考中考真题）一The threeastronauts ofShenzhou XIVhavebeensent intospacesuccessfully.（这座空间站将由中国独立完成）.—What aninspiration tous all!And itsreported that（）complete（•广西梧州•统考中考真题）（邀请）
33.2022I willbe toLilys birthdayparty.（•四］雅安•校考一模）（借）
34.2022\I Thebook hasbeen fora longtime.
35.（2022・广西贺州•统考一模）Students shouldbe（教育）to carefor theold.
六、改写句子（•江苏南通•统考中考真题）（改为被动语
36.2022They sella lotof thingsin Oxfamshops tohelp peoplein need.态）A lotof thingsin Oxfamshops tohelp peoplein need.（•贵州黔西•统考中考真题）（改为
37.2022Schools usuallydont allowstudents towear theirown clothesat school.被动语态）Students usuallynot towear theirown clothesat school.（•上海•统考中考真题）（改为被动语态）
38.2022The researchgroup discovereda newkind ofinsect lastweek.A newkind ofinsect bythe researchgroup lastweek.
39.（2022・新疆伊犁•校考一模）We shouldclean theclassroom everyday.（改为被动语态）The classroomshould everyday.
40.（2022・甘肃天水•校联考模拟预测）Jack oftenmakes hisbrothercry.（改为被动语态）His brotheroften madecry byJack.。
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