2023年考研英语真题

2023年全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语

（一）真题完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read thefollowing text.Choose the best words foreach numberedblankand markA,B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsCould ahug aday keepthe doctoraway Theanswer maybe aresounding“yes!1helping youfeel closeand2to peopleyou careabout,it turnsout thathugs canbringa3of healthbenefits toyour bodyand mind.Believe itor not,a warmembrace mightevenhelp you4getting sickthis winter.In arecent study5over400health adults,researchers fromCarnegie MellonUniversityin Pennsylvaniaexamined theeffects ofperceived socialsupport and the receiptof hugs6the participantssusceptibility todeveloping thecommon coldafter being7to thevirus.People whoperceivedater socialsupport wereless likely to come8with a cold,and theresearchers9that the stress-reducing effectsof hugging10about32percent ofthatbeneficial effect.11among those who gotacold,the oneswho feltgreater socialsupport andreceived morefrequenthugs hadless severe

12.[B]it remindsthem of a humiliatinghistory._C]their culturewill losea chanceof revival.[D]they fearlosing controlof Mauna Kea.

29.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progressin todays astronomy[A]is fulfillingthe dreamsof ancientHawaiians.[B]helps spreadHawaiian cultureacross the world._C]may uncoverthe originof Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventuallysoften Hawaiianshostility.

30.The author,s attitudetoward choosingMauna Keaas theTMT siteis oneof[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance._C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text3Robert F.Kennedy oncesaid thata country,s GDPmeasures ueverythingexcept thatwhichmakes lifeworthwhile.With Britainvoting toleave theEuropean Union,and GDPalreadypredicted toslow as a result,it is now atimely momentto assesswhat hewasreferring to.The questionof GDPand its usefulness has annoyed policymakersfor overhalf acentury.Many arguethat it is aflawed concept.It measuresthings thatdo notmatter andmissesthings thatdo.By mostrecent measures,the UK sGDP hasbeen theenvy of the Westernworld,with recordlow unemploymentand highgrowthfigures.If everythingwas goingso well,then whydid over17million peoplevote forBrexit,despite thewarnings aboutwhat itcould doto theircountry,s economicprospectsA recentannual studyof countriesand theirability toconvert growthinto well-beingsheds somelight onthat question.Across the163countries measured,the UKis oneofthe poorestperformers inensuring thateconomic growthis translatedinto meaningfulimprovementsfor itscitizens.Rather thanjust focusingon GDP,over40different setsofcriteria fromhealth,education andcivil societyengagement have been measuredto geta more roundedassessment ofhow countriesare performing.While allof thesecountries facetheir ownchallenges,there area number ofconsistent themes.Yes,there hasbeen abudding economicrecovery sincethe2023globalcrash,but inkey indicatorsin areassuch ashealth andeducation,major economieshavecontinued todecline.Yet this isn tthe casewith allcountries.Some relativelypoorEuropean countrieshave seenhuge improvementsacross measuresincluding civilsociety,income equalityand theenvironment.This is a lessonthat richcountries canlearn:When GDPisno longer regardedasthe solemeasure ofa countrys success,the worldlooks verydifferent.So,what Kennedywas referringto wasthat whileGDP hasbeen the most commonmethodfor measuringthe economicactivity ofnations,as ameasure,it isnolongerenough.It does not includeimportant factorssuch asenvironmental qualityor educationoutcomes-all thingsthat contributeto aperson,s senseof well-being.The sharphit togrowth predictedaround the world andin the UK couldlead toa declinein the everydayservices wedepend onfor ourwell-being andfor growth.But policymakerswhorefocus effortson improvingwell-being ratherthan simplyworrying aboutGDP figurescouldavoid theforecasted doomand mayeven seepross.F.Kennedy iscitedause he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDPwith happiness.[C]misinterpreted therole of GDP.[D]had alow opinionof GDP.can beinferredfromParagraph2that[A]the UKis reluctantto remoldits economicpattern.[B]GDP as the measureof successis widelydefied in the UK.[C]the UKwill contributeless to the worldeconomy._D]policymakers in the UKare payingless attentionto GDP.of thefollowing istrue aboutthe recentannual study_A]It issponsored by163countries._B]It excludesGDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteriaare questionable.[D]Its resultsare enlightening.the lasttwo paragraphs,the authorsuggests that_A]the UKis preparingfor aneconomic boom.[B]high GDPforeshadows aneconomic decline.[C]it isessential toconsider factorsbeyond GDP._D]it requirescaution tohandle economicissues.of thefollowing is the besttitle for the text[A]High GDPBut InadequateWell-being,a UKLesson[B]GDP Figures,a Windowon GlobalEconomicHealth[C]Rebort F.Kennedy,a TerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,theUKs Gatewayto Well-beingText4In arare unanimous ruling,the USSupreme Courthas overturnedthe corruptionconvictionofaformer Virginiagovernor,Robert McDonnell.But itdid sowhile holdingitsnose at the ethicsof his conduct,which includedaccepting giftssuch asa Rolexwatchand aFerrari automobilefrom acompany seekingaccess togovernment.The highcourt,s decisionsaid thejudge inMr.McDonnell strial failedto tellajury thatit mustlook onlyat his“official acts,“ortheformer governor,s decisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issues relatedto his duties.Merely helpinga gift-giver gainaccess toother officials,unless donewith clearintentto pressurethose officials,is notcorruption,the justicesfound.The courtdid suggestthat acceptingfavors inreturn foropening doorsis“distasteful“and unasty.But underanti-bribery laws,proof must be madeof concretebenefits,such asapproval ofa contractor regulation.Simply arranginga meeting,makinga phonecall,or hostingan eventis notan“official actThe court s ruling islegally soundin defininga kindof favoritismthat is notcriminal.Elected leadersmustbeallowed tohelp supportersdeal with bureaucraticproblems withoutfear ofprosecution forbribery.The basiccompact underlyingrepresentativegovernment,“wrote ChiefJustice JohnRobertsfor thecourt,“assumes thatpublic officialswill hearfrom their constituentsand acton theirconcerns.But theruling reinforcesthe needfor citizensand theirelected representatives,not thecourts,to ensureequality of access togovernment.Officials mustnot beallowed toplay favoritesin providinginformation orin arrangingmeetingssimplyause anindividual orgroup providesa campaigndonation ora personalgift.This typeof integrityrequires well-enforced lawsin governmenttransparency,suchas recordsof officialmeetings,rules onlobbying,and informationabout eachelectedleader ssource ofwealth.Favoritism inofficial accesscan fanpublic perceptionsof corruption.But itis not always corruption.Rather officialsmust avoiddouble standards,or differenttypesofaccessfor averagepeople andthe wealthy.If connectionscanbebought,a basicpremiseof democraticsociety——that allare equalin treatmentby government—isundermined.Good governancerests onan understandingof theinherent worthof eachindividual.The court sruling is astep forwardin thestruggle againstboth corruptionandofficial favoritism.

36.The underminedsentence mostprobably showsthat thecourt_A]avoided definingthe extentof McDonnell sduties.

[8]made nocompromise inconvicting McDonnell._C]was contemptuousof McDonnellsconduct._D]refused tocomment onMcDonnellsethics.

37.According toParagraph4,an officialact is deemed corruptiveonly ifit involves[A]leaking secretsintentionally.[B]sizable gainsin theform ofgifts.[C]concrete returnsfor gift-givers.[D]breaking contractsofficially.

38.Thecourt,srulingis basedon theassumption thatpublic officialsare[A]justified inaddressing theneeds of theirconstituents.[B]qualified todeal independentlywithbureaucraticissues.[C]allowed tofocus on the concernsof theirsupporters._D]exempt fromconviction on the chargeof favoritism.

39.Well-enforced lawsin governmenttransparency areneeded to[A]awaken theconscience ofofficials.[B]guarantee fairplay inofficial access._C]allow forcertain kindsof lobbying.[D]inspire hopesin averagepeople.

40.The authors attitudetoward thecourtsrulingis_A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportivePart BDirections:The followingparagraphs aregiven ina wrongorder.For Questions41-45,you arerequiredto reorganizethese paragraphsinto acoherent articleby choosingfrom thelistA-G tofilling theminto the numbered box.Paragraphs Band Dhavebeencorrectly placed.Mark youranswers onANSWER SHEET.10points[A]The firstpublished sketch,“A Dinnerat PoplarWalk“brought tearstoDickens s eyes whenhe discoveredit in the pagesof TheMonthly Magazine.From thenonhis sketches,which appearedunder thepen name“Boz”in TheEvening Chronicle,earnedhim amodest reputation.[B]The runawaysuccess ofThe PickwickPapers,as itis generallyknown today,securedDickens sfame.There werePickwick coatsand Pickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,Samuel Pickwick,ame anational figure._C]Soon afterSketches byBoz appeared,a publishingfirm approachedDickens to writea storyin monthlyinstallments,asabackdrop fora seriesof woodcutsby theten-famousartist RobertSeymour,who hadoriginated theidea for the story.With characteristicconfidence,Dickens successfullyinsisted thatSeymour spictures illustratehis ownstoryinstead.After thefirst installment,Dickens wroteto theartist and asked himto correctadrawingDickens feltwas notfaithful enoughto hisprose.Seymour madethe change,went intohisbackyard,and expressedhis displeasureby committingsuicide.Dickens and his publisherssimply pressedon witha newartist.The comicnovel,The PosthumousPapers of the PickwickClub,appeared seriallyin1836and1837,and wasfirstpublished inbook formin

1837.[D]Charles Dickensis probablythebest-known and,to manypeople,theatest Englishnovelistof the19th century.A moralist,irist,and socialreformer.Dickens craftedcomplexplots andstriking charactersthat capturethe panoramaof Englishsociety.[E]Soon afterhis fathers releasefrom prison,Dickens gota better job aserrandboy inlaw offices.He taughthimself shorthand to getan evenbetterjoblater asa courtstenographerand asa reporterin Parliament.At thesame time,Dickens,who hada reporter,seyefor transcribingthe lifearound himespecially anythingcomic orodd,submittedshort sketchesto obscuremagazines.[F]Dickens wasborn inPortsmouth,on England,s southerncoast.His fatherwasa clerkin theBritish navypay office-a respectableposition,but wishlittle socialstatus.His paternalgrandparents,a stewardandahousekeeper possessedeven lessstatus,having beenservants,and Dickenslater concealedtheir background.Dicken smothersupposedly camefrom amore respectablefamily.Yet twoyears beforeDicken,s birth,hismother sfather wascaught stealingand fledto Europe,never toreturn.The familysincreasing povertyforced Dickensout ofschool atage12to workin Warrens BlackingWarehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where theother workingboys mockedhim as“the young“Hugging protectspeople whoare understress from the13risk forcoldsthat,s usually14with stress,“notes SheldonCohen,a professorof psychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“is amarker ofintimacy andhelps15the feelingthat othersare theretohelp16difficulty.”Some experts17thestress-reducing,health-related benefitsof huggingto thereleaseof oxytocin,often called“the bondinghormone18it promotesattachment inrelationships,including thatbetween motherand theirnewborn babies.Oxytocin ismadeprimarily in the centrallower partof thebrain,and some of itis releasedinto thebloodstream.But someof it19in thebrain,where it20mood,behavior andphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout

2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior

3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting

6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out

9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined gentleman.His fatherwas thenimprisonedfor debt.The humiliationsof hisfathers imprisonmentandhislabor intheblacking factoryformed Dickensatest woundandame hisdeepest secret.He couldnotconfide themeven tohis wife,although theyprovide theunacknowledged foundationof hisfiction._G]After Pickwick,Dickens plungedinto a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,e tracesanorphan,s progressfromtheworkhouse to the criminalslums ofLondon.Nicholas Nickleby,his nextnovel,combines thedarkness ofOliverTwistwith thesunlight ofPickwick.Thepopularity of these novelsconsolidated Dichensasanationally and internationallycelebrated manof letters.D

41.-

42.-

43.-

44.B-

45.一Part CDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully andthen translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Your translationshould bewritten neatlyon the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsThe growthof theuse of English as the worlds primarylanguage forinternationalcommunication hasobviously beencontinuing forseveral decades.46But evenas thenumber ofEnglish speakersexpands furtherthere aresigns thatthe global predominanceofthelanguage mayfade withinthe foreseeablefuture.Complex international,economic,technological andculture changecould starttodiminish theleading position ofEnglishas thelanguage oftheworldmarket,and UKinterestswhich enjoyadvantage fromthe breathofEnglishusage wouldconsequently facenewpressures.Those realisticpossibilities arehighlighted inthe studypresented byDavid Graddol47His analysisshould thereforeend anyself-contentedness amongthose whomaybelieve that theglobalpositionofEnglish isso stablethattheyoung generationof theUnitedKingdom do not needadditional languagecapabilities.David Graddolconcludes thatmonoglot Englishgraduates faceableakeconomic futureasqualified multilingualyoungsters fromother countriesare provingto havea competitiveadvantageover theirBritish counterpartsin globalcompanies andorganizations.Alongsidethat,48many countriesare introducingEnglish intothe primary-school curriculumbutBritish schoolchildrenand studentsdonotappear tobe gainingaterencouragement toachievefluency in other languages.If leftto themselves,such trendswill diminishthe relativestrength ofthe Englishlanguagein international education marketsasthedemand foreducational resourcesinlanguages,such asSpanish,Arabic orMandarin growsandinternationalbusiness processoutsourcinginotherlanguage suchas Japanese,French andGerman,spreads.49The changesidentified byDavidGraddolall presentclear andmajor challengestoUKsproviders ofEnglish language teaching topeople ofother countriesand tobroadereducation businesssectors.The Englishlanguageteachingsector directlyearns nearlybillion fortheUKin invisibleexports andour othereducation relatedexplores earnup to10billion ayear more.As theinternationaleducationmarket expands,the recentslowdowninthenumberofinternational studentsstudying inthe mainEnglish-speakingcountries islikelytocontinue,especially ifthere areno effectivestrategic policiestoprevent suchslippage.The anticipationof possibleshifts indemand providedby thisstudy issignificant:50It givesa basisto allorganization whichseek topromote thelearning andverydifferent operatingenvironment.That isa necessaryand practicalapproach.In thisasin muchelse,thosewhowish toinfluence thefuture mustprepare forit.Section IIIWritingYou aretowritean emailto JamesCook,a newly-arrived Australiaprofessor,recommending sometourist attractionin yourcity.Please givereason foryourrecommendation.You shouldwrite nearlyon theanswer/sheet.Dot notsign yourown nameatthe end ofthe email.use〃li ming^insteadDo notwrite theaddress.10pointsWrite anessay of160-200words basedonthefollowing pictures.In yessay.You should1describe thepictures briefly.2interpret themeaning,and3give yourcomments.You shouldwrite neatlyontheANSWERSHEET.20points

10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained

11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors

13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]intheface of[B]intheform of[C]intheway of[D]inthename of

17.[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return

18.[A]ause[B]unless[C]though[D]until

19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influencesSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.40pointsText1First twohours,now threehours—thisishow farin advanceauthorities arerecommendingpeople showuptocatch adomestic flight,at leastat somemajor.airportswith increasinglymassive securitylines.Americans arewilling totolerate time-consuming securityprocedures inreturn forincreasedsafety.The crashof EgyptAir Flight804,which terroristsmay havedowned overtheMediterranean Sea,provides anothertragic reminder of why.But demandingtoo muchofair travelersor providingtoo littlesecurity inreturn underminespublic supportforthe process.And itshould:Wasted timeisadrag onAmericans economicand privatelives,not tomention infuriating.Last year,the TransportationSecurity AdministrationTSA foundin asecretcheck thatundercover investigatorswere ableto sneakweapons----------------bothfake andreal―past airportsecurity nearlyevery timethey tried.Enhanced securitymeasuressince then,combined witha risein airlinetravel duetotheimproving ChicagosO HareInternational.It isnot yetclear howmuch moreeffective airlinesecurityhasome—but thelines areobvious.Part ofthe issueis thatthe governmentdid notanticipate thesteep increaseinairline travel,so the TSA isnow rushingto getnew screenersontheline.Part oftheissue isthat airportshave onlyso muchroom forscreening lanes.Another factormay bethatmore peopleare tryingto overpacktheir carry-on bagsto avoidchecked-baggage fees,though theairlines stronglydispute this.There isone stepthe TSAcould takethat wouldnot requireremodeling airportsorrushing tohire:Enroll morepeople inthe PreCheckprogram.PreCheck issupposed tobea win-win fortravelers andthe TSA.Passengers whopass abackground checkare eligibletouse expeditedscreening lanes.This allowstheTSAwants toenroll25million peopleinPreCheck.It hasnot gottenanywhere closeto that,and onebig reasonis stickershock.Passengers mustpay$85every fiveyears toprocess theirbackground checks.Since thebeginning,this pricetag hasbeen PreChecksfatal flaw.Upcoming reformsmight bringtheprice toamorereasonable level.But Conssshould lookinto doingso directly,by helpingtofinance PreCheckenrollment or to cutcosts inother ways.The TSAcannot continuediverting resourcesinto underusedPreCheck laneswhile mostofthe travelingpublic suffersin unnecessarylines.It islong pasttime tomake theprogramwork.

21.According toParagraph1,Parkrun has.[A]gained greatpopularity[B]created manyjobs[C]strengthened communityties[D]ome anofficial festival

22.The authorbelieves thatLondon,s Olympic“legacy“has failedto[A]boost populationgrowth[B]promote sportparticipation_C]improve thecity,s image[D]increase sporthours inschools

23.Parkrun isdifferent formOlympic gamesin thatit[A]aims atdiscovering talents[B]focuses onmass competition[C]does notemphasize elitism[D]doesnotattract first-timers

24.With regardto masssports,the authorholds thatgovernments should._A]organize^grassrootsv sportsevents[B]supervise localsports associations[C]increase fundsfor sportsclubs[D]invest inpubic sportsfacilities

25.The authors attitudeto whatUK governmentshave todone forsports is.[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText2“The ancientHawaiians wereastronomers,“wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii slastreigning monarch,in

1897.Star watcherswere amongthemostesteemed membersof Hawaiiansociety.Sadly,all isnot wellwith astronomy in Hawaiitoday.Protests haveerupted overconstructionoftheThirty MeterTelescope TMT,a giantobservatory thatpromises torevolutionizehumanity sview ofthe cosmos.At issueis theTMT splanned locationon Mauna Kea,a dormantvolcano worshipedbysome Hawaiiansasthepiko,that connectsthe HawaiianIslands tothe heavens.ButMauna Keais alsohome tosomeoftheworlds mostpowerful telescopes.Rested inthePacific Ocean,Mauna Kea/s peakrises abovethe bulkof ourplanet sdense atmosphere,where conditionsallow telescopesto obtainimages ofunsurpassed clarity.Opposition totelescopes onMauna Keais nothingnew.A smallbut vocalgroup ofHawaiiansand environmentshave longviewed theirpresence asdisrespect forsacred landanda painfulreminderofthe occupationof whatwas oncea sovereignnation.Some blameforthecurrent controversybelongs toastronomers.In theireagernessto buildbigger telescopes,they forgotthat scienceistheonly wayof understandingtheworld.They didnotalwaysprioritize theprotection ofMauna Kea sfragile ecosystemsoritsholiness tothe island,s inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnota relicofthepast;itisa livingculture undergoinga renaissancetoday.Yet sciencehas acultural history,too,with rootsgoing backtothedawn ofcivilization.The samecuriosity tofind whatlies beyondthe horizonthat firstbroughtearly Polynesiansto Hawaiis shoresinspires astronomerstoday toexplore theheavens.Calls todisassemble alltelescopes onMauna Keaortoban futuredevelopment thereignorethe realitythat astronomyand Hawaiianculture bothseek toanswer bigquestions aboutwhowe are,where wecome fromand wherewe aregoing.Perhaps thatis whywe explorethestarry skies,as ifanswering aprimal callingto knowourselves andour trueancestralhomes.The astronomycommunity ismaking compromisesto changeitsuseof MaunaKea.The TMTsite waschosen tominimize thetelescope svisibility aroundthe islandandto avoidarchaeological andenvironmental impact.To limitthenumberof telescopesonMaunaKea,old oneswill beremoved attheendof theirlifetimes andtheir sitesreturnedto anatural state.There isno reasonwhy everyonecannot bewelcomed onMaunaKeatoembrace theircultural heritageandtostudy thestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalanis remarkin Paragraph1indicates_A]its conservativeview onthe historicalrole of astronomy.[B]the importanceofastronomyin ancientHawaiian society.[C]the rettabledecline ofastronomyinancient times.[D]her appreciationof starwatchers featsin hertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanideal astronomicalsite dueto[A]its geographicalfeatures[B]its protectivesurroundings._C]its religiousimplications.[D]its existinginfrastructure.

28.The constructionoftheTMT isopposed bysome localspartlyause[A]it mayrisk ruiningtheir intellectuallife.。