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第二篇句法
一、主要句式
(一)知识概要初中所学的句型一般要分为陈说句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句陈说句中有肯定句与否认句之分其中可以分为如下五种
①主语+不及物动词如)主语+及物动词+宾语,I arrivedat sixlast night.d如主语+及物I boughta goodEnglish ChineseDictionary yesterday.@动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如Please tellme astory beforeI goto bed.这样可加双宾语日勺句子有
④主语+及物buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如I foundit impossibleto doit.Please keepthe
⑤主语+系动词+表语,如classroom cleanand tidy.Tom isan American在初中常见日勺句型中有boy.The grassturned greenin spring.There句型,表达存在某种事物,如其动be…There isa mapon thewall be词的形式要与其背面相近那个名词相一致I0tl要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持动词,不要换用be如在句子构造中要注意have,There isgoing tobe ameeting tomorrow.主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应要注意时I I有如下几点
①用连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身and兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如A singer and danceris coming既歌唱又可舞的演员而to ourparty,a singerand dancerI asingerand则要译为一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家
②有些以结尾的a dancers J名词谓语动词要用单数,如(为不可数名词)The newsis goodnews
③有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如This pairof glassesis goodMy
④有些形单却意为复数名词,如glasses arebroken.Btl Peopleare这样的词尚有假如coming hereI Police,要讲一种警察时,应讲两个警察为又如a policemantwo policemenao o
⑤所有不定代词policewoman,two policewomeneach,either,neither,one,the other,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作为单数如在并列句中表达联合关系Someone iswaiting for you日勺连词有如and notonly…but also,neither…nor,either…or Mysister表达转折关系的并列连词有and myparents aregoing tothe cinemaIo和如又but yet,She isa goodstudent,but shedidnt passthe finalexam.如表达选择关系的连词有I thinkthe newsis strange,yet itis trueI如表达因果关or,either…or,Hurry up,oryouwill belate forschool系的并列连词有如I for,so They在初中范围复合句studied veryhard,so theyall passed the exam中重要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章以便,我们将在下面另一章予以简介我们首先来看宾语从句
①在及物动词日勺背面可以接一种名词来充当宾语,如而这时也可以I knewthe man,用一种句子来充当宾语,如这时宾I knewthat hewas agood man语从句的连接词有(只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当that,that语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,因此在口语中常常被省略如()
②它们在宾语从句I amsure thatshe haspassedtheexam ifwhether中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作与否讲从句中有or构造时,要用如not whether,I askhim ifwhether hehas hadhis
③它在宾语从句lunch Iasks himwhether hehas hadhis lunchor notwhat中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成分,如I dontunderstand what(作的宾语)又如you saidwhat saidI Iasked himwhat madehim sick(在宾语从句中作主语)
④它也和同样,在句中除作what who,what连接词外,可以充当句中日勺成分,如I knowwho sheis lookingfor
⑤如
⑥如whose Iwant toknow whosebook thisis whichDo youknowwhich bookis mine在连接词中尚有个常用时连接副词,
①它的应用最广,4how I如…如how much,how many,how long,how soon,how oldHow much
②它只是连接时间状语,如does itcost whenPlease tellme whenthe
③它连接地点状语,如
④meeting willbegin whereWhere areyou from它要连接日勺是原因状语从句,如why Theteacher askedwhy Tom在考试中常见到的考点是宾语从句的时态与didn*t cometo school.I主句时态的呼应问题
①主句谓语动词假如是目前时或未来时,宾语从句日勺时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如I knowhe didnlcome.我懂得他没来I knowhe will。
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