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高级英语复习笔记platform,sprinkling itscontents overthe fiistrows ofswelteringLesson one:Rock Superstars:What DoThey TellUs aboutOurselves andlisteners...nOur Societya.grab:to seizesuddenly,eagerly,or roughly;snatch急抓,夺取.
1.Rock Superstai-s摇滚乐超级明星如He jumpedup from the table,grabbed hishat andran out of the door.他从rock:rock music,rocknroll（or:rock androll）摇滚乐桌子旁跳了起来，抓起自己H勺帽子，奔出门去.初期口勺摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌（folk）爵士乐（jazz）勃鲁斯歌曲（blues）此外,grab背面可以跟其他名词或名词短语,如等日勺一种音乐，其特性是具有强烈日勺节奏（rhythm）单纯日勺旋律grab ashower迅速冲了澡，（melody）一再反复的I歌词和音符日勺后拍音（after beat）grab asandwich,胡乱吃了一种三明治，
2.Rock isthe musicof leenagerebeHion.摇滚乐是青少年『、J反叛音乐grab ataxi赶搭出租车.a.teenage adj.pertaining to a teenager（13至19岁的I）青少年的l.有时,还可以作不及物动词.如其名词形式为teenager:（13至19岁的）青少年）.He grabbedat theopportunity ofgoing abroad.他设法抓住这次出国日勺机会b.rebellion:resistance toor defianceof anyauthority造反,反派.b.sprinkle:to scatterdrops orparticles of water,powder or the likeon泗液体，如;a rebellion against oldtraditions对旧老式H勺反叛.撒粉末等（于……上）.如
3.By aman sheroes yeshall know him.你将从一种人崇拜的J英雄得知其They sprinkledashes on the icysidewalk.他们在积水溜滑股J人行道上撒了人.灰.a.这句句子的句型与英语中常说的judge aman by the companyhe keeps（以We sprinklethe lawnevery day.我们每天给草坪洒水.一种人所交的朋友断定其为人）很相似.以“sprinkling”引导的短语是动词的形式做伴随状语.再如:They stoodb.ye=you用于古英语或诗歌中，是第二人称代词thou的复数.如there,watching thebasketball.他们站在那里，观看篮球比赛.Ye arethe saltof theearth.你们是社会的I中坚.（出自《圣经＞＞）b.They surgeto followhim,eager to be touchedby afew baptismaldrops.
4.Midnight Ramblera.surge:to move or swellforward inor likewaves如波涛汹涌而至.ramble:walk forpleasure漫游，既可表动词，也可作名词.A crowdsurged out of thetheater.观众从剧院里蜂搦而出.如；They rambledthrough thewoods.他们在林中漫步.b.以形容词eager”引导时不定式词组在语法功能上起着并列分句日勺
5....he said,11Grabs ahalf-gallon jugof waterand runsalong the frontjoy悲喜交加.b.case:the actualstate ofthings状况.b.apprehension;uneasiness andfear恐惊,紧张.^0;If thafsthe case,youd bettergive itup.假如状况确实如此，你最佳如feel showapprehensions for the safetyfailure对安全失败感到显放弃.得很紧张.
18.go at assault;begin orproceed vigorously袭击，开始，进发.
14.let go of松开,放开.如;The towcocks aregoing ateach other.两个公鸡互相争斗.id:He letgoof the rope.他放开了绳子.The studentstend togo at their studiesbefore theexamination.学生一般会在
15.clench:close tightly紧紧抓住.考试前才开始学习.如He clenchedthe cigarin histeeth.他用牙齿紧紧夹住香烟.
16.a.desists:to cease,such asfrom someaction停止.法忍受；如；The companywas forcedto desistfrom falseadvertising.企业被迫停止beyond description难以形容.虚假广告.
1.dodge:avoid,evade orelude逃避.
17.a.neglect二negligence疏忽如;He was accused ofdodging histaxes.他被指控逃税.neglect:pay noattention ortoo littleattention to不够重视,注意.You shouldntdodge yourresponsibilities.你不能回避责任move asidesuddenly忽然闪开.如；You shouldntneglect yourhealth.你不应该忽视自己取J健康.Benign neglect善意日勺疏忽;total neglect完全疏忽;parental neglect养子如I dodgedout of the waywhen hethrew achair atme.他将椅子向我不教.扔来的时候,我匆匆闪开.
2.condemn:express anunfavorable judgmentor opinionof训I斥.
7.at herown request根据她本人的规定.如We condemnedempty talkinstead ofhard work.我们训斥只说空话不务实
3.to come to light:to bediscovered orrevealed暴露.就来投票表决吧.如;On investigationsome newfacts cameto light.一经调查，某些新H勺事实
9.in private:not publicly,secretly私下.就被暴露了.如It has now cometo lightthat hewas financiallybacked by some interestgroup.Such a thing isbest discussedin private.这种事情最佳私下讨论.人们刚刚得知，他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持.He canbe veryrube inprivate,though he is usuallypolite inpublic.他私下可
4.languish:1become feeble;droop;lose livelinessorthe will to do things凋能很粗鲁，但在大众萎，有气无力.面前一般彬彬有礼.如；languish fromthe heat/in prison/in hisdull job由于天气炎热/坐牢/工作
10.Taboo adj.忌讳的，禁止出J.乏味而萎靡不振.如:This topicis tabooon the campus.校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.2suffer froma feeling of longing苦思.
11.A.prolong:cause sth.to continuelonger延长.如；languish forsome kindwords/her love苦苦期吩某些安慰的J话语/她的如I haveto prolongmy stayhere for another threedays.我必须在这里继续呆三天爱.You shouldnot haveprolonged theceremony.你本不该延长典礼的I时间.
5.Moral:the moralteaching orpractical lessoncontinued in a fable,tale,
8.throes:agony痛苦.experience,etc.寓意.如;There is a moralto thestory.这个故事有个寓意.$n；in deaththroes处在临终痛苦.
6.bizarre:unusual in appearance,style,or characters外貌,风格或性格怪异.
13.administer to apple as a remedy施用.我宁愿与纯朴的人打交道，不愿与世故的人交往.如administer laws执行法律.I had rather neverhave beenborn thansee thisday ofhumiliation.The doctoradministered someme medicineto the girl.医生给女孩施用了某我宁愿自己未曾出生,也不愿遭受今天日勺耻辱.些药.I wouldhadrather…但愿+that从句中用过去式.
14.comply with:act inaccordance withwishes,requirements or conditions遵如I wouldrather he didnt tellher aboutit.我真但愿他不告诉她这件事.守意愿，规定或条I hadrather youdid italone.件等.但愿你一人做.如；You oughtto complywith therules/the demands/the law/the requests.
2.Handicap:1any disadvantagethat makessuccess moredifficult.不利口勺你应该遵守规章/命令/法律/规定.原因.
15.pose danger导致危险.如Bad healthis ahandicap.身体不好是不利原因.Pose:cause sth.to exist导致产生.His lackof Englishis a great handicapto him.他不懂英语对他是一大缺陷.另如2a physicalor mentaldi^ability残疾.pose problems引起问题.如Blindness isa greathandicap.眼瞎是一大残疾.
16.by contrast相比之下.
3.at onceat the same time;simultaneously同步.By contrast,his brotheris quiteeasygoing.相比之下,他日勺兄弟比很好相处.如Its hardfor oneto dotwo thingsat once.人很难同步做两件事.
17.usher in:herald预报,宣布.
4.eliminate:get ridof;remove3肖除.如；usher ina newage ofprosperity宣布新日勺繁华时期的I到来.如to eliminatepoverty根除贫穷;eliminate theprejudice消除偏见.The risingsun ushered ina new day.太阳日勺升起宣布新的J一天开始了.
5.brainwash洗脑.The cuckoousheredinspring.布谷鸟宣布春天到来.如Dont lettelevision commercialsbrainwash youinto buyinganything youLessonFive:V drather beblack thanfemaleactually don*t need.
1.Id rather...than:prefer...to....如Id ratherdeal with a simpleman thana sophisticatedman.别让电视广告引诱你购置自己实际不需要日勺东西.
6.invariably:always常常,总是.
2.（be）in for:certain toundergo不能防止.如It，s invariablywet whenthey take their holidays.他们度假时总是下雨.如:The naughtyboy isin for a beating.调皮区I男孩免不了要挨打.His intuitionis invariablycorrect.他的J直觉总是对日勺.We are in fora rainyseason.我们不可防止要遭遇雨季.
7.Campaign]a connectset of actions toobtain aparticular resultin politicsor Itlooks asif we*reinfor stormyweather.看那样子，似乎我们一定会碰到暴business风雨.（社会，政治，选举）运动;游说，宣传活动.
3.reference:a mention,allusion提及.如an electioncampaign选举活动;an advertisingcampaign广告宣传；如The courtmade numerousreferences to him as a witness.法院常常传他a campaignto combatcrime防止3□罪运动.去做证人.
8.stereotype:a conventional,oversimplified conception陈腔滥调;陈规，老套,
4.in goodspirits:情绪很好.固定的现象.spirits:[plural]mood with regard togreat happinessor greatsadness情绪.如He fitsthe stereotypeof ascholar,他是经典BtT学者如I hopeyou willbe inbetter spiritswhen wemeet again.我但愿我们下次The ideais an old-fashioned stereotype.这观点是老一套了.会面时你情绪会好些.
9.Predominate:be superior in numbers,etc.占多数H勺.He is so depressedthat Iwonder whocould lifthis spirits.如Greens predominatedin thepicture.绿色植物是画中最醒目的I.他非常沮丧，我不知他能否振作起来.predominate over月生过.
10.mold:work into a requiredshape orfrom塑造.如;Being scoldedwithout goodreasons embitteredhim.如:Statues aremolded out of bronze.雕像是用青铜铸成W、J.让人无端指责，他感到一腔怨气.He moldedhis styleon thebest writers.他以第一流作者为楷模塑造了自己日en-,em（在b,p前）加在名词或形容词上转成动词.勺文体.另如Lesson Six:a goodchance enable（使可以）；enamor引起..口勺爱；
6.agitate:to disturbor exciteemotionally使不安，使兴奋.a tentativearrangement临时安排/a tentativeoffer试验性提议如His fieryspeech agitatedthe crowd.他的激情演讲让听众大为兴奋.
9.tentative:a of the natureof anexperiment试验性日勺；He wasexplaining thesituation in an agitatedmanner.他兴奋地阐明着当时的
11.end up:reach afinal stateorcondition最终有了某种结局,最终.如Dont agitateyourself oversuch athing.不要为这种事焦急.如If youdrive sorashly,you willend upin hospital.假如你这样鲁莽开车，最终会住进医院的.
7.know of his whereabouts懂得他的J下落.a know of:have heardabout听说过，懂得有.......He endedup tiredand broke.他最终累垮了，破产了.
1.inedible:not fitto beeaten不可食日勺,不适宜食用的Ib whereabouts:the placewhere a person orthing is下落,去向.
2.swirl:cause tomoveorflow atvarying speeds,with twiceand turns涡旋如Fm stillin thedark abouthis whereabouts.而动，使打旋我仍然不懂得他的下落.如A gustof windswirled dustabout thestreets.阵风吹起灰尘弥漫大街
8.inch:move bysmall degrees缓慢行进.The snowwas swirlingin theair.雪花在空中回旋如The childreninched through the traffic.
3....that wouldhave peeledlike aplum ifsnagged.孩子们在拥挤H勺交通中缓慢前进.peel:came offin stripsor flakes剥落，脱皮I inchedmy waythrough thenarrow spacebeen thetrucks.b unsure,not definite,hesitant踌躇.如The wall-paper seemsto bepeeling off.墙纸看来要剥落了
4.1et alone:without referenceto,or considering更不必说断，自然是他不喜欢那女孩如；He doesnthave moneyfor food,let aloneamusements.他连吃饭的I钱都
12.that in those homely sayings was couched thecollective wisdomof没有，更甭说娱乐了generations.
1.1ncessant:continual,often repeated:不停也不停电a.根据上文*“that”可以理解为in that即;因为incessant chatter喋喋不休；incessant rain连绵不停的J雨b.that背面是倒装句,正常语序应为:The collective...wascouchedinthose
7.pick herway:慎行如a homelymeal家常便饭另如pick oneswords精选词语；pick flaws找硝；pick andsteal小偷小摸；d.couch:puta thought,etc,in words以某种措词体现pick andchoose挑三拣四如They couchedcriticisms infactual language.他们用事实日勺语言体现了
8.bear in mind:remember记住批评如Please bearinmindthat weare friends.请记住，我们是朋友
13.Search...for theenchantment lookthrough a place carefullyin order to find
9.Infuse them with somethingmissing;explore orexamine inordertodiscover仔细寻找infuse:fill灌输一般构造为:Search+place+for object.如The coachinfused theteam withenthusiasm.教练给队员注入了热情如He searchesevery drawerfor thenotebook.为了找笔记本，他搜遍了每They triedto infusethemwithnew ideas.他试图给他们灌输新思绪个抽屉
10.My imaginationboggled atthe punishmentI woulddeserve...I searchmy memoryfor hisname.我努力在记忆中寻找他日勺名字a.boggle:to overwhelmor bewilder,as withmagnitude orcomplexity吃惊，
14.Singled...out:pick orchoose onefrom others单单挑出受惊，心惊肉跳如:He singledme outfor specialmention.他单单尤其提到了我b.deserve:be worthyof...值得Why singlehim outfor criticism为何就单单批评他
15.take to:to respondfavorably to开始喜欢,迷上如From whathe said,it followsthat hedidnt likethegirl.从他所说的J推如I tookto literaturelong timeago.我很久此前就迷上文学烟Why didyou taketo bowling你为何迷上保龄球？如Dont exposechildren toill effectsof theInternet.不要让孩子受因特网
16.trail off:become graduallyweaker andfade away（声音等）渐渐消失如的负面影响His voicetrailed offinto silence.他日勺声音慢慢消失，后来什么声音也没有Her youthand beautycould exposeher todanger.她H勺年轻美貌可能为她了招致危险Lesson Nine:the troublewith TV如;Exposure:n.
1.A.prominent anchormanwarns ofTV*s adverse effect onAmericas culture.He threatenedme withpublic exposure.他威胁我要把我曝光a.prominent:outstanding,easily seen,important,distinguished突出rJ,明显Much exposureto differentcultures ispart andparcel ofeducation.大量接触口勺，重要日勺，杰出的:a prominentposition/writer显赫的地位、著名作不一样文化是教育的重要构成部分家
1.
1..it discouragesconcentration.acquire/gain prominence出人头地Discourage（prevent）sb.from…使......放弃b.anchorman:（广播，电视）（新闻、体育等节目的J）主持人如;The badweather discouragedthem fromgoing outfor thepicnic.恶劣日勺c.adverse:unfavorable,contrary不利日勺，负面日勺天气使他们放弃外出野炊日勺计划如adverse circumstances逆境；adverseeffect负面影响；a theoryadverse toIt is discouragingthat…很扫兴，...the facts与事实相反的理论dis加在名词、形容词、动词上，表达否认developments adverseto ourinterests与我们的I利益相反的I发展如;able-disable使残废；disassociation分离；discharge放电；discontinueadversary:（竞争中欧J）对手中断；disease疾病（由“不舒适”转危而来）
5.rewarding:affording satisfactionor valuableexperience;affording material如;on an（the）average平均起来，一般来说gain有价值H勺,有益H勺On（an）the average,I finishreading abook threeweeks.一般而言，我平均三如a rewardingexperience（effort）有益口勺经验（尝试）星期读完一本书
6.叩plied effort:拼命努力He smokedabout tencigarettes aday on an average.他平均——天抽十根香apply oneself to努力进行,致力于
3.（be）exposed to:lay opento使暴露于.......如Its hard to applyyourself to some dullwork.无聊的工作很难专心致志如:He surrenderedto despairgrief.他沉溺于绝望悲伤.地干He surrenderedhimself toa lifeof pleasure.他沉迷于享乐.He appliedhimself toserious studies.他专心致志进行严厉欧J研究
13.The surestway to do sth.is…做某事日勺最可靠日勺措施是.
7.The dullest,the leastgifted of最没有天赋时can achievethings thatseem如:The surestway tosucceed isto workhard.获得成功最可靠日勺措施是努miraculous...力工作.a.dull:slow-witted愚钝口勺
14.To strain the attentionofb.miraculous奇迹般地，不可思议日勺另如workaccomplisha miraclestrain:make excessivedemands upon使劲用，因过度使用而伤害.发明一种奇迹如:strain oneself竭尽全力，劳累过度.
8.divert:turn inanother direction使转向；amuse,entertain娱乐,消遣如He strainedhis voiceto beheard abovethe noise周围太吵，他强拉嗓子大喊，Nothing coulddivert hisattention fromhis book,没有什么能转移他读书日勺人们才听得见他.注意力He strainedevery muscleto lifethe box.他用尽所有力气举起箱子.The trafficwas divertedonto aside road.交通被引导到旁边小J小路
15.inherent in:existing asa permanentpart orquality that cannot betaken out
9.lead:action ofguiding orgiving anexample领弓I,率先.固有W、J,与生具有W、J.如:take thelead领先；follow sb*s lead效法某人;gain thelead占居首位.如:A loveof peaceis inherentin humannature.热爱和平是人固有的本性.
10.perpetual:never-ending永久欧I.如;perpetual chatter喋喋不休;
1.
1...had bequeathedto ustables ofstone commandingthat...perpetual motion永恒运动.a.bequeath:hand down,pass on传给后裔；to disposeof propertyor moneyby
12.surrenderoneselfto:to giveoneself up to someinfluence,course,etc.沉溺于;沉迷于.b.tablets ofstone石碑.
17.Package:vt.to combineor offerasasingle unit把作为整体提出或推The resultfell short of ourexpectations.成果大失我们所望.销.Adj.一揽子.如:The companyfired peoplewholesale last year.企业去年大规模裁员.如:a packagetour由旅行社代办一，切日勺旅行；wholesale批发-retail零售.package deal整批交易.Lesson Ten:The TenthMan
18.pervade:become spreadthroughout allparts of弥漫L Makinghis firstentry…第一次进入.如:The smellof coffeepervaded theair.咖啡区I气味弥漫在空中.另如:make atriumphant entry凯旋进入;have freeentry可以自由进入.Practical ideaspervaded thewhole land.整个国家弥漫着实际日勺思想.
2.abrupt:sudden/unexpected忽然.
19.It tendsto makethings ultimatelyboring anddismissible...如:an abruptdeparture忽然离开.a.ultimate:furthest orfarthest最远iKj.如an ultimatedestination最终目的
3.sullen:showing irritationor angerby agloomy silence愠怒日勺.I地.decisive,conclusive决定性区J.如the ultimateauthority最终权威.final,
4.indifferent:without interestor concern漠不关心，不在意.total总数.如the ultimatecost最终成本.如He seemsindifferent toworldly success.他似乎不在意名利.b.dismiss:put asidefrom consideration驱除.
5.draw orcast lots:to settlea questionby the use oflots抽签.如:He dismissedthe ideafor itwas just too impractical.他排除了这个观点,因
6.Be bound todosth.为那太不合实际了.bound:certain,sure肯定.
20.A substitute fora person orthing servingin place of another替代.如:We areboundtosucceed.我们肯定会成功.如:Guess workis nosubstitute forinvestigation.猜测不能替代调查.
7.Refasten:re+fastenA substitutewas sentin when one of the starplayers wasinjured.一位主角受fasten:to attachfirmly orsecurely inplace orto somethingelse系牢，牢牢固伤了，就派来了一位替身.定，绑住.substitute for:替代.如:Please fastenyour seatbelt.请系牢你Utl安全带.如:Who willsubstituteforyou ifyou areill假如你病了，谁替你？fasten aboat to the quay把船系于码头.
21.Come fallshort of:to failto reacha standard,level,etc.没到达,赶不上.
22.wholesale:in largeamounts oron a large scale大量地，不分青红皂白地.如If thafsthe case,you mayas wellhave atry.假如状况果真如止匕，你不妨试试看.by commonconsent经一致同意.Now thatyoure here,you mayaswellmake yourselfuseful.既然你在这里,你
13.implore:beg urgently;beseech恳求.还是可以派上用场的.如I imploredyour forgiveness.我恳求你宽恕我.
9.mock:fun of讥笑.She implored him formercy.她恳求他宽容她.如:His writingsmocked thefollies of the age.他的I著作讥笑了那个时代的J Weimploredhimto stayon.我们恳求他再呆下去.愚蠢.
14.sum up:总结.The naughtboys mockedhis queeraccent.淘汰rJ男孩讥笑他奇怪於J口音.如We summedup meritsand demeritsof thescheme.我们总结T这个计划His irresponsibilitymocked mytrust inhim.他口勺不负责任嘲弄了我对他的的优缺陷.信任.Could yousum upthe mainpoints ofthe lesson你能否总结本课的I要点？
10.nag at:be aconstant sourceof uneaseor irritationto使苦恼不己.如:The debtnagged athis conscience.债务让他H勺良心痛苦不己.
1.Outrage:v.offend greatly触犯，违反如outrage commonsense违反常
11.narrow:limit,or restrict限制.识如:The detectivesnarrowed thesearch tojust threesuspects.侦探将调查对象
3.somewhat:in somemeasure or degree;tosomeextent.往往后总艮形容词
12.consent:to permit,approve,or agree同意,同意.如The resultwas somewhatsurprising.成果有些让人感到吃惊He lookedsomewhat annoyed.他显得有些不快乐如:My fatherdidn*t consentto ouragreement atfirst,我父亲最初不一样意我
4.facility:ability toperform somethingeasily机灵，便禾ll,纯熟如He们结婚.translated sthwith greatfacility.他翻译时驾轻就熟He showedfacilityWe consentedtoa temporary agreement.我们至lj达临时协议.inpainting.他在画画方面显得很纯熟作用.年轻人为何如此过度赞赏影星,真让人费解.
7.Some14,000screaming fanswere crunchingupto thefrontofthestage at
10.Or areyou drawn_somehow to this^trange clown,perhaps,because heactsCapital Center...oul ycurwildest fanlasiesa.some:（before a number）approximately,about（在数字前）大概.a.draw:attracts吸弓如some twentystudents大概20个学生.如I:Some mutualinterests drawus together.某些共同H勺爱好把我们吸引到b.scream to make aloud,sharp cry尖声大叫.一块了.screaming是动词scream日勺-ing形式作前置修饰语，screaming fansb.somehow:in someway notspecified orknown不知什么缘故.意为尖声大叫的歌迷”如Somehow Idont likethis novelthough it issopopular.c.crunch:to proceedwithacrushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前.这本小说虽然很流行，但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它.如:The childrencrunched throughthe snow.孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走.c.fantasy:imagination,esp.when it is letfree andnot heldback（自由奔放时）
8.1ought lobe crawlingon myknees.想象，幻想，狂想.a.crawled:to movewith theface downwardand theboys closetotheground爬wildest fantasies，最为狂妄H勺奇想.行.
11.These arentidle questions.如；The buscrawled along.公共汽车缓慢地行进.idle:of noreal worthor purpose无聊日勺.注意:短语crawl into the favorof onessuperiors表达”卑躬屈膝地讨好上如idle rumor无聊的J谎言.司”.
12.Horwitz seesthe rockmusic arenaasa sort of debating forum,a placewhereb.on onesknees:双膝跪地.ideas clashand crash.
9.How doyou feel about allthis adulation and heroworship a.see...as...:consider...as.••把.....看作......a.feelabout:consider,think of觉得，感到.常常用于疑问句中，b.forum:a meetingplaceofdiscussion ofmatters ofpublic interest论坛.如How doyou feelabout thesuggestion你认为这个提议怎么样？c.a place是asortofdebatingforum的同位语，背面由where引导的句子b.adulation是adulate口勺名词形式.是定语从句，修饰aplace.adulate:flatter oradmire excessively过度赞赏，奉承，恭维.ideas clashand crash“意为多种思想冲撞”.如One canhardly understandwhy youngpeople soadulate filmstars.
13.The redefinition,“Horowitz saysisatask uniquely performed by
5.narcissism:自恋，（精神分析）自我陶醉症Narcissus（希腊神话）（爱
13.outweigh:to bemore important than比…..更重要,胜过如:My love上自己映在水中姿影的美少年，溺死后化为水仙花）for myparents outweighseverything else.我对父母的爱重于
6.filter through:pass orslip throughslowly渗出，（光等）漏出透至如:The・切Do theadvantages outweighthe disadvantages有禾1J原因不小于不new ideasare filteringintothechildrens minds.孩子们脑中出现了新的思想利原因吗？Sunlight filteredthroughthewindow.夕阳从窗户透进房间Foreign influence
7.meticulous:taking orshowing extremecare aboutsmall details.过度仔细的guise ofa salesman打扮成推销员的J小偷如:She ismeticulous inher dress.她对衣服极其在意He isvery meticulousin
15.reconcile myingrained likesand dislikeswith…a.reconcile:accept orbechecking hisaccounts.他在查帐方面非常仔细Our meticuloussecretary neverresigned tosomething notdesired.使和解，调解；使能安于，将就接受如forgets anything.我们仔细的J秘书从不会忘掉什么He hadto reconcilehimself to his fate.他必须接受自己的（命运reconcile
8.Arresting:attracting attention;striking.迷人I向如:apersonof arrestingwork andrest劳逸结合He couldnot reconcilehimself tosuch alow position.good looks有迷人的I面貌日勺人An arrestingsight一种引人注目日勺景他不能安于这样低的地位reconcile onesideal withreality使理想与实际象一致b.ingrained根深蒂固
9.assess:evaluate评估$n；assess theimportance of---/the valueof…评估日勺$[J:ingrained morality根深蒂固日勺德行H勺重要性/价值；assess thesituation审时度势Assessment n.Lesson13work
10.discipline:train andcontrol the mind控制如:You shouldlearn to
1.Exceedingly irksomea.exceeding:extraordinary orexceptional exceedingly:discipline yourselfmore.你应该学会更好地控制自己exlremely极其b.irksome irk:to annoy,esp.inaprovoking ortedious way令
2.an excess of work…excess:more thanor abovewhat isnecessary超o过部分，过多ili:You shouldpay for the excess.你应该支付超过部分
9.impair:to makeworse;damage损害^U Hisreputation wasimpairedExcess ofsorrow laughs,excessofjoy weeps.悲极而笑，喜极而泣an excessforemost,we musthave freedom.最重要日勺是同我们必须by hismistakes.他of anger/an excessof enthusiasm极其愤怒/热情carry somethingto excess把U勺声誉受到他的错误股损害His excessivework impairedhis health.他过事情做得过火in excessof超过如He spentin excessofhisincome.他过度的J工作损害了他欧J健康度奢侈，入不敷出
10.Procure:obtain sth.by carefulattention oreffort获得如He procuredme
3.provided ihat:conj.if andonly if;on conditionthat.假如，只要如employment.他为我谋得一份工作Provided that there isno opposition,we shallproceed tocarry outthe plan.假如
11.at large放在名词背面asawhole整个区I,一般口勺如Boys at large没有反对，我们就开始执行计划Provided youpay himhewilltakethework.like sports.男孩一般爱慕运动the publicatlarge社会大众假如你给他钱，他会干那活
12.In the long run:in the6nd.从长远来说，最终如in longrun,you have
4.mere relief of tediumrelief:feelingofcomfort atthe endingof anxiety,feaior topay theprice foryour follies.你最终要为你口勺愚蠢付出代价pain放松如:What arelief!心里多么放松啊！reliefofpain/anxiety缓解痛You willbenefit in thelongrun.你最终会受益楚/紧张
13.has acquiredhis maximumskill maximum:being thehighest amount,value,
5.at a loss:bewildered oruncertain不知所措如For amoment Iwas atordegreethatcanbe reached最大程度如My maximumis
240.我最高记录aloss.有——阵子我不矢口所措He wasataloss foran explanationoftheaffair.是240分He smokesa maximumof30cigarettes aday.他最多一天抽30根他不懂得该怎样解释那件事We areataloss tounderstand hismotive.我们对香烟My salaryis notat itsmaximum yet.我改J工于他H勺动机一点也不能理解资还未到最高水平It requiresyour maximumeffort.这件事规定你做出最大
6.drudgery:苦工drudge:apersonwho doesmenial,dull orhard work.勤苦地努力maximize:最大化如maximize onespotential/做单调乏味的苦工日勺人profits最大程度发挥潜力/获得利益反义词:minimum至少如It requires
2.sensations:Widespread excitementor interest.轰动a minimumof fivedays work,这至少需要五天工作a minimumof temperature
8.first and foremost:首先，最重要的$U:Though hehas writtenmany books,/wage/height最低气温/工资/身高hes firstandforemosta poet.尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人First andMinimize theconsequences/the risks./the formalities将后果/风险/手续减到有自由alone at any rate.无论怎样，我不会理他至少help usWhat ifthey shouldbe inlove
14.atanyrate:in anyevent;in anycase不管怎样如I willleave him
15.apt:likely,having atendency常会,轻易（有某种倾向）如:A carelessIn termsof salary,the jobis guitegood.In termsof naturalresources,it is one ofpersonis aptto makemistakes.粗心的I人轻易出错误the richestcountries in the world.Lesson Fourteen:I wouldlike totell yousomething
8.Want n.:lack,absence,or need;often inthe phr.for/from wantof由于缺
1.testiiyjo:give orprovide evidenceabout something证明Ill testifytohis
9.Spuandcr:spend foolishly;use upwaste fully.exceptional ability.How canyou testifytothereliability ofthe witness vt.His LessonFifteen theBeauty Industrywordstestify hisreluctance tohelp me.His tearstestified hisgrief,vi.State orL substantially:toa large degree大体上,基本上如Their opinionsaredeclare underoath,usually incourt作证n.testimony:bear（be）testimony ofsubstantially thesame.His criticismis substantiallycorrect.表明Winning thescholarship istestimony ofintelligence.
10.Prodigious;a^extraordinary insize,amount,and etc.巨大的J,莫大於I
2.be tantamountt adj,equivalent ineffect ormeaning（实质上）等于，相称Prodigal a.挥霍的，挥霍的，放荡区I于如His answeris tantamounttoarefusal.
11.cult ofbeauty对美欧I崇拜the cultof surfing冲浪狂theo
3.Rampant:growing orspreading sleadilyand withoutslopping;widespread;a personalitycult个人崇拜rampant rumor（disease）
12.Retrench:to reduceor diminish,esp.so aseconomize减少，节省如
4.take…lying down甘心接受（不快乐状况）如He tookthe defeatlying Thecompany beganto retrenchits workforce.down.I cannot take thatinsult lyingdown.
13.be preoccupiedwith:专注于，有心事，如When he is preoccupiedwith his
5.noLgive a damn:一点不在意I donJt give adamnwhat theysay.我hobby,heisoblivious ofwhat isgoing onaround him.They werepreoccupied一点也不在意他们说什么with theirthoughts.
14.intrinsically-----intrinsic:belonging toor beingpart ofathingby itsvalue本来具有的,固有的J intrinsicvalue内在价值intrinsic energy内能乏如The plantsdied for/from wantofwater.the young...”
17.TV networkbanned him.uniquelyperformedbytheyoung”是过去分词短语，用于修饰The latestmodel ofthe lorryembodies manyimprovements.卡车日勺最新式前面区Ta task.a.network:a groupof radioor televisionstations linkedby wireor microwaves
14.Itisthey alonewho combineinvention andexaggeration...广播，电视广播网b.ban:prohibit,forbid禁止.a.itis..who that是强调句式.如Students arebanned fromreading dirtybooks.禁止学生阅读色情书刊.b.lone:after anoun orpronounonly在名词或代词背面仅，只.
18.Most ofthe olderviewers^frowned,while mostoftheyounger viewersHisname alonewas enoughto drawalargeaudience.仅仅他的J名字就足以applauded.吸引一大批观众.a.frown:to wrinklethe forehead,such aswhenoneis displeasedorindeep
15.Rock music,“he saysis_really asociological expressionrather thana thought皱眉.musical force.如:听到我说错了答案，他便皱起了眉头.rather than:instead of而不是肯定前者，否认后者.例如短语frown onupon表达“不赞同”.He isa poetrather thana novelist.与其说他是小说家，不如说他是诗人.如He frownedupon myplan.他不赞同我的计划.这里简介另一种短语or rather,意为more exactly更为确切地说”.b.applaud:to clapthe handstogether inapproval orappreciation鼓掌喝采;如late lastnight,or ratherearly thismorning昨天深夜,更为确切地说，是今夸奖.天清晨.如The audienceapplauded wildly.观众热烈鼓掌.
16.Its justthat Elvismanaged toembody thefrustrated teenagespirit ofthec.连接词while在这里表达对照，1950s-再如I likebooks whilemy brotherloves sports.我喜欢反而我的I兄弟则a.句中的I it有the reason的I意思，that=be cause.热衷于体育.b.embody:giveadefinite formto详细体现如
19.The RollingStones,airogant street-fighting men,demanded revolution.The statueembodies thesentiment ofthe sculptor.这尊塑像体现了雕像家MJarrogant||^ragantj:acting asif onewere moreimportantthanothers傲慢日勺;感情.妄自尊大的.样体现了许多改善的地方.如；He wasjusttooarrogant tohis subordinates.他对他日勺部下太傲慢了.
20.Feelings,always apart ofany musicalstatement,were amajor subject.I likeyour schemein principle;my onlymisgiving isthat it may require这里alwaysapart ofany musicalstatement是feelings勺同位语.too largea sumof money.
21.The Beatlesshowed therewere a range ofemotions betweenlove and我原则上喜欢你日勺计划，唯一紧张的是花销可能太大.skepticism:doubtsuspicion怀疑（态度）;怀疑主义hate.be skeptical about:对.......持怀疑太度;不相信.如:range:anumberof differentthings ofthesamegeneral sortor type（变动H勺,He isskepticalabouteverything.他对一切事物都抱怀疑态度可供选择的）范围;幅度.withaskeptical expression带着怀疑的J表情如a rangeof colorsto choosefrom可以选择日勺一系列颜色；
3.Apparently hespeaks fora lotofhiscontemporaries.arangeof pricesfrom5Yuan to50Yuan从5元到50元不等的J多种价格.contemporary adj.同步代的，现代；n.同步代日勺人如
22.This_country element,Horowitz feels,helped itsaudience expressman urgeour contemporaries和我们同步代的I人同义词peer同等日勺人，同辈toget awayfrom itall,…如:without apeer无匹敌的Iurge:an instinctivedrive.冲动.
4.The peopleresponsible are,presumably,the adultswho...如I feltanurgeto furthermy studiesin Europe.我有一种去欧洲深造的I冲a.responsible:l）（放在名词背面）应负责任的I.如:I holdyou responsibleforthe动.safety
23....these rockmusicians mirrorfeelings…of herfamily.我就把她家的安全交给你了2）（放在名词前面）（工作、mirror:reflect反应.地为等）责任重的，有责任的如:The electionresult reflectstheir opinions.选举成果反应了他们H勺观点.如a responsibleposition要职3）（人）可靠的I,可信赖日勺,如a responsible
24.工where itsheadingperson有责任心的J人head（for）:move toward（朝某一方向）前进.b.presumably:perhaps大概，推测起来，可能如They wereheading forthe deepjungle forhunting.他们去丛林深处打猎.
1.
1.our generationviews theadult worldwith greatskepticism...
5.These conclusionsstrike me as reasonable...strike sb.+adj.（or n.）:
1.Jim Binns...wrote meabout some ofhismisgivings.使……感觉（是）如:misgiving:worry,concern（常用复数）（对未来之事）疑虑不安，怀At firstthe ideastruck meas stupid.起初,这个主意让我觉得很愚蠢.疑.如:He strikesmeasan honestman.他让我觉得是个诚实的I人.Do youconsider ita rationalexplanation你觉得这种解释合理吗？
6.The relevantquestion forthe arrivinggeneration isnot whetherour societyis irrational:不理智，ir■为否认前缀imperfect（wecantake thatfor granted）,but...另如Irreducible,irregular,irreparable,irreversible.a.relevant:有关欧J$11relevant information有关信息.若作表语，背面
7.for allis harshnessand irrationality;itisthe onlyworld wevegot.就我看来，他凭一己之力将不可能完成这样巨大日勺项目a.for all...尽管b.alternative:one ofmore thantwo possibilities数种可能之——，可替代的如For allhis learning,heisnot wise.他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪颖如There isalternative answertothisquestion.For allhis efforts,hedidntsucceed.他还是个正派日勺人这个问题有几种可能日勺答案b.harsh:残酷的J；无情区J；刻薄的IAn alternativeplan isto applyforaloan.如She wasvery harshwith herservant.她对用人非常刻薄另一种可能的方案就是申请贷款We haveto faceharsh realities.我们得面对残酷日勺现实
10.Drop Outc.rational:有理性日勺，通情达理的I如Man isa rationalthing.人是有理性欧J动物drop out:to withdrawfrom退出如He hasdecided todrop outof politics.The dressis availablein allsizes.这种款式区I服装大小尺寸均有他已经决定退出政坛b.（人）有空区kSeven studentsdropped outof universitylastyear.如Ill beavailable tomorrowmorning.我明天早上有空去年有七个学生被退了学
15.This strategyhas ancientantecedents.
11.This isone ofthe oldestexpedient...=expedient:atemporarymeans toan Antecedent:preceding thingor circumstance,esp.（pl.）past historyofapersonend权宜之计前事，前情;如resort toan expedient采取权宜之计（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史
12.In one way or another,its practitionersbatten on the societywhich...如；a womanof shadyantecedent一种来历可疑日勺女人a.（in）one wayoranother:以这样或那样日勺方式；在某方面
1.
1...that is,the city,with allits uglinessand tension.如The projectmust becompleted bythe endof thismonth（in）onewayor tension:mental strain紧张another.如under extremetension处在极度紧张/（复数・s）紧张（状态）不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束如the tensionbetween laborand management劳资间关系的紧张b.batten on:thrive,or prosper,or livein luxury（on）（esp.attheexpense of
17.The troublewiththesolution isthat itno longerisonalarge scale.others）onalargescale:大规模（靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊另如onatremendous scale极大日勺规模
13.someofus findthis distasteful-an undignifiedkind oflife.The projectwas undertakenonagrand scale.这个项目规模很大distasteful:disagreeable;unpleasant讨厌W、J,令人不快乐Wl Thereform iscarried outon anenormous scale.改革出J幅度极大如Jazz isdistasteful to me.我讨厌爵士乐（爵士乐不合我的I口味）
18.Out planet,unfortunately,is running outofnoble savagesand unsullied
14.But forthe poorin spirit,with lowlevels ofboth energyand pride,itmaybe landscapes.the leastintolerable choiceavailable.run outof:become shortof,become exhausted用完Availed:ready foruse;readily obtainable如；We ranoutofpetrol theother day.那一天我们汽油用光了a.（立即）可运用日勺；可得到日勺We arerunningoutof time.我们已经没有时间了如employ allmeans available采用一切可能日勺措施
19.Plot aRevolutionplot:plan secretly密谋on the ruins:the remainsof destroyedor decayingor town废墟，遗迹,如They plottedhow tokill him.他们密谋怎样杀死残骸他如the ruinsofacastle一座城堡日勺废墟The criminalswere plottingto robthe bank.犯罪密谋抢银行
23.These arethe oneswhose revolutiondid notcome off-
20....those whohave nopatience withthe tedious workings ofthe democraticcome off:happen,occur发生process andwho believethattheinstitution canonly bechanged byforce.如The invasioncame offlast week,入侵是上星期发生W勺a.tedious:long andtiresome冗长乏味日勺To beeffective orsuccessful生效，成功如a tediouslecture冗长的演讲；tediouswork乏味日勺工作如She didntcome offwell inthe interview.她日勺面试不很成功b.workings:action,operation工作，运作
1..1am not,of course,suggesting thatrevolutions accomplishnothing,如the workingsofthemind,the workingsofthenature自然区J运作accomplish:bring toa successfulconclusion;achievement完成
21.To themit offersa romanticappeal,usually symbolizedbysomedashing and如accomplish something/a greatdeal/miracles实现某种目标/获得很大charismatic figure.成就/实现奇迹a.a romanticappeal:appeal n.:the powerto attractthemindor emotions吸引accomplish:skilled,expert纯熟的I,内行的I力如an accomplishgolf player技术精湛的I高尔夫运动员accomplishment s如Such lifehasnoappeal forme.这种生活对我没有吸引力修养，才艺That sortof musichas lostits叩peal forme.这种音乐已经失去了对我的吸引如a womanof manyaccomplishment多才多艺H勺女人力
25.For atbest theirvictory neverdawns on the shiningnew worldthey hadV.appeal to:吸引dreamed of,cleansed ofall humanmeanness.如Does themenu appealtome菜单吸引我了吗cleanse:make clean清洗The novelappeals towomen.这本小说吸引女性读者如She cleansedthe woundwith alcohol.她用酒精清洗伤口b.dashing:vigorously lovely;brilliant orshowy精力充沛日勺；华丽日勺cleanse sinfromthesoul=cleanse thesoul ofsin清洗灵魂破I罪恶c.charismatic名词形式为charisma使大众信服的J领袖魅力
26.At firstglance,this courseis farfrom inviting.
22.Lets smashit andbuild somethingbetter ontheruins.inviting:temptingly attractive诱人日勺如:an invitingsmile迷人的I微笑/an invitingdish诱人的菜肴when weare introuble.我慢慢明白，当我们碰到麻烦的I时候，他是不会伸
27.It dependsontheexasperating anduncertain instrumentsof persuasion...出援手的exasperate:annoy extremely令人怒不可遏-Lesson Three:theuseof force如Constant interruptionsexasperate me.不停的J中断让我怒火中烧
1.startleto disturbsuddenly assurprise原吓.
28.It demandspatience,always in short supply.如I:starling news/s startlingdiscovery（disturbing,frightening）令人震惊（be）in shortsupply:供应局限性,短缺W、J新闻/发现如Food isin shortsupply,食物供应局限性He startledus whenhe slammedthedoorso loudly.他砰的I一声把门关上，Honesty isinshortsupply.缺乏诚实（日勺人）让我们大吃一惊.
29....as soonas youcapture onemountain range,another onelooms justahead.The noisestartled meoutofmy sleep.喧哗之声把我从梦中惊醒.loom:come intoview inindistinct andenlarged form忽隐忽现
2.a.motion:to makea motionor gesture,as withthe hand（用手等）作示意.如The icebergloomed outofthemist.冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现如He motionedmetosit down.他向我作了个手势，让我坐下.Dangers arelooming ahead.危险阴森森地迫近b.look over:examine,esp.briefly检查.
3.Eye sb.up andds肛1_上下仔细打量
31.It dawnedon usrather suddenlythat...如They eyedthe strangerup anddown.他们对那陌生人仔细上下打量了一dawn on:begin tobe known,or realized常用先行词it,表达“明白过来”番如It hasslowly dawnedupon methat hewill notlend ahelping handtous4Be uptsb.tdsth.:be one,s responsibilitytodosth,由……负责做……
9.onthechance:counting onthe slightpossibility怀着但愿，也许可能on如:Its upto youto breakthe newstohim.应该由你向他透露这条消息the offchance:抱着微弱的但愿.Its upto themtomakethe change.应该由他们作这个变化如；She叩plied onthe offchance.她抱着微弱的但愿作了申请.
5.in profusion:a greatamount quantityof something充足He offeredthe informationonthechance thatit mightprove useful.他提供了如；agreatprofusion ofcolors=colors inrich profusion五颜六色信息，指望能有所协助.Profuse:adj.generous,lavish丰富
6.a sorethroat:喉咙痛,sore;Physically painfulor sensitive,such asa wound
11.a.savage:mercilessly cruel,uncivilized,wild野蛮日勺.or diseasedpart如a savageattack on野蛮袭击；a savagelion野蛮日勺狮子savage manners疼痛lAi Pmsore allover fromthe heavywork Idid yesterday.昨天干了——野蛮H勺态度天重活，全身上下都痛了savage scenery残酷W、J场面.
7.in mybest professionalmanner:以我最佳日勺职业方式；
12.a.ensues:follow asa consequence£艮随，紧品艮.manner:a wayof doingthings做事情的方式如:After theheavy rains,floods ensued.大雨之后紧跟着发了洪水.manner:courtesy礼貌during theensuing months/intheensuing year随即H勺几种月/年；如good manner有礼貌the warandtheensuing disorder战争以及随即紧跟着W、J混乱.Its badmanner tospeak withyour mouthfull.嘴巴里满满日勺对人说话是不b.abject:humiliating andwretched;contemptible anddespicable可怜,可鄙礼貌H勺的.
8.coax:attempt toinfluence bygentle persuasion哄骗如an abject叩ology低声下气H勺道歉.如He triedto coaxthe secretfrom me.他试图哄骗我说出秘方a.crushed:subdued压月艮.
13.a.agony:extreme andprolonged suffering极大Btl痛苦.如in agony处在痛苦之中;pile upthe agony苦上力口苦;inanagony of。
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