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anybody else,and theirhealth-care system is muchmore innovative.Europeans billscould bemuchhigher ifAmerican medicinewere notdoing much of theirResearch and DevelopmentRD for them.But there are alsohuge weaknesses.The onemost oftencited-especially byforeigners-is thearmy ofuninsured.Some46million Americansdo not have cover.In manycasesthat isout ofchoice andJf theyfall seriouslyill,hospitals have to treatthem.But it is stilldeeplyunequal.And there are alsoshocking inefficiencies:by somemeasures,30%ofAmerican healthspending iswasted.Then thereis thequestion ofstate support.Many Americansdisapprove of thesocialized medicine”of Canadaand Europe.In fact,even ifmuch of the administrationis doneprivately,around60%of Americasheath-care billends upbeing metby the government.Proportionately,the Americanstate alreadyspends asmuch onhealth as the OECDOrganizationof EconomicCooperation and Development average,and thatshare isset togrowas thebaby-boomers runup theirMedicare billsand evermore employersavoidproviding health-care coverage.America is,in effect,heading towardsa versionof socializedmedicineby default.
46.Health problemsmentioned in the passage include allthe followingEXCEPT.A.poor hospitalconditions inU.K.B.Angela Merkelunder attackC.health financingin GermanyD.long waitinglines inCanada
47.Ford,s announcementof cuttingup to30,000jobs byindicates thatFord.A.has the biggest health problem of the carindustryB.has madeprofits from its health-care legacyC.has accumulatedtoo heavya health-care burdenD.owes agreat dealof debtto itsemployees
48.1n the authors opinion,Americas healthsystem is.A.inefficient B.feasibleC.unpopular D.successful
49.1tisimplied in the passagethat.A.Americas healthsystem has its strengthsand weaknessesB.the USgovernment paysmedical billsfor thepoor and the elderlyC.some46million Americansdo nothave medicalinsuranceD.Europeans benefita lotfrom Americasmedical research
50.from thelast paragraphwe maylearn that the socializedmedicine is.A.a practice of Canadaand EuropeB.a policyadopted bythe USgovernmentC.intended forthe retiring baby-boomersD.administered byprivate enterprisesQuestions51to55are basedon the following passage:When ThomasKeller,one ofAmericas foremostchefs,announced thaton Sept.I hewouldabolish the practice of tipping at Per Se.his luxuryrestaurant inNew YorkCity,andreplace itwith European-style servicecharge,I knewthree groupswould beopposed:customers,servers andrestaurant owners.These threegroups areall committedto tippingasthey quicklymade clearon Websites.To opposetipping,it seems,is to be anticapitalist,andmaybe evena littleFrench..But Mr.Keller isright tomove awayfrom tipping—and itsworth exploringwhy justabouteveryone elsein the restaurant worldis wrongto stickwith thepractice.Customers believe in tippingbecause theythink itmakes economic sense/Waiters knowthatthey wontget paidif theydont doa goodjob^is howmost advocatesof thesystem wouldput it.To besure,this is a tempting,apparently rationalstatement abouteconomic theory,but itappearsto havelittle applicabilityto thereal worldof restaurants.Michael Lynn,an associateprofessor ofconsumer behaviorand marketingat CornellsSchoolof HotelAdministration,has conducteddozens ofstudents oftipping andhas concludedthatconsumers assessmentsof thequality ofservice correlateweakly to the amountthey tip.Rather,customers arelikely totip more in responseto serverstouching themlightly andleaningforward nextto the table tomake conversationthan tohow oftentheir waterglass isrefilled------in otherwords,customers tipmore whenthey likethe server,not whentheservice isgood.Mr.Lynns studiesalso indicatethat malecustomers increasetheir tipsforfemale serverswhile femalecustomers increasetheir tipsfor maleservers,.Whats more,,consumers seemto forgetthat thetip increasesas the bill increases.Thus,thetipping systemis anopen invitationto whatrestaurant professionalscall upwellingeverybottle ofimported water,every espressoand everycocktail isextra moneyin theservers pocket.Aggressive upwellingfor tipsis oftenrewarded whilelow-key,quality serviceoften goesunrecognized.In addition,thepracticeoftippooling,which is the normin fine-dining restaurantsand isbecomingmoreinevery kindof restaurantabove thelevel of a greasyspoon,has ruinedwhatevereffect votingwith yourtip mighthave hadon anindividual waiter.In anunreasonableoutcome,you arepunishing thegood waitersin the restaurant bynot tippingthebad one.Indeed,there appear to belittle connectionbetween tippingand goodservice.5litmay beinferred that a European-style service.A.is tipping-free B.charges littletipC.is the author sinitiative D.is offeredatPer-se
52.Which of the followingis NOTtrue accordingto theauthor.A.Tipping isa commonpractice in therestaurantworld.B.Waiters dontcare abouttippingC.Customers generallybelieveintipping.D.Tipping haslittle connectionwith thequality ofservice.
53.According toMichael Lynnsstudies,waiters willlikely getmore tipsif theyA.have performedgood serviceB.frequently refillcustomers9water glassC.win customers5favorD.serve customersof thesame sex
54.We mayinfer from the contextthat“upwelling”Line2,Para6probably meansA.selling somethingupB.selling somethingfancyC.selling somethingunnecessaryD.selling somethingmore expensive
55.This passageis mainlyaboutA.reasons toabolish thepracticeoftippingB.economicsenseof tippingC.consumers9attitudes towardstippingD.tipping forgood serviceQuestions56to60are basedon thefollowing passage:“I promise.”I swearto youitll neverhappen again.”I giveyou myword.”Honestly.Believe me.Sure,I trust.Why notI teachEnglish composition at aprivate college.With acertainexcitement and intensity.I readmy studentsessays,hoping tofind the person behind（票窃）the pen.As eachsemester progresses,plagiarism Uappears.Not onlyis myintelligenceinsulted asone assumesI wont detecta polishedpiece ofprose from an otherwise-averagewriter,but Ifeel asadness thata studenthas resortedto buyinga paperfromapeer.Writershave styleslike fingerprintsand afterseveral assignments,I canmatch a students workwith hisorher nameeven ifits missingfrom theupper left-hand corner.（）Why islearning lessimportant thana highergrade-point averageGPAWhen werethreatened orsick,we makeconditional promises.“If youlet mepass mathI will•••・”“Lord,ifyou getme overthis before thebighomecoming gameV11…Once thesituation isbehind us,（陈词滥调）so arethe promises.Human naturePerhaps,but wedo usethat clich6to getusout ofuncomfortable bargains.Divine interferenceduring distressis asked;gratitude isunpaid.After all,few fulfillthe contract,so whyshould anyonebe theexception.Why notSix yearsago,I tookastudentbeforethedean.He hadturned in an essaywith thevocabularyand sentencestructure ofPhD thesis.Up untilthat time,both hisout-of-class andin-class workwere borderline passing.I questionedthepersonregarding hisessay andhe sworeit Idunderstand thiscopy wouldnothave thetime and attention anout-of-class paperis given,but hehad alreadya finishedpiece soheunderstood whatwas asked.He satone hour,then turnedin partofapage ofunskilledwriting andfaulty logic.I confrontedhim withboth essays.I promise....,Tm notlying.I sweartoyou thatI wrotethe essay.Fm justnervous today，The headof theEnglish departmentagreed withmy finding,and themeeting withthe deanhadthe boysparents present.After anhour ofdiscussion,touching oneight of the boyspreviousessays andhis grade-point average,which indicatedhe was already onacademic留校察看,probation thedean agreedthat thestudent hadplagiarized.His parentsprotested,“He sonly achild”and weinstructors arewiser andshould becompassionate.College peoplearenot reallychildren andmost timeswould resentbeing labeledas such....Except inthisuncomfortable circumstance.
56.According to theauthor,students commitplagiarism mainlyfor.A.money B.degree C.higher GPAD.reputation
57.the sentenceOnce thesituation isbehind us,so arethe promises5implies that.A.students usuallykeep theirpromisesB.some studentstend tobreak theirpromisesC.the promisesare alwaysbehind thesituationD.we cannotjudge thesituation inadvance,as wedo tothe promises
58.The“borderlinepassing”Line3,Para.3probably means.A.fairly goodB.extremely poorC.above average D.below average
59.The boysparents thoughttheir sonbecause.should beexcused mainlyA.teachers shouldbe compassionateB.he was only achildC.instructors werewiserD.he wasthreatened6O.Which ofthefollowingmight serveasthetitle ofthis passageA.Human NatureB.Conditional PromisesC.How toDetect CheatingD.The Sadnessof PlagiarismSection IV Translation20pointsDirections:In thissection thereisapassageinEnglish Translatethe passageinto Chineseandwrite yourtranslation on the ANSWER SHEET.Powering thegreat ongoingchanges of our timeistherise ofhuman creativityas thedefiningfeature ofeconomic life.Creativity hascome to be valued,because newtechnologies,new industriesand newwealth flowfromit.And asa result,our livesand societyhave beguntoecho withcreative ideas.It isour commitmentto creativityin itsvaried dimensionsthat formstheunderlying spiritofourage.Creativity isessential tothe waywe liveand worktoday,and inmany sensesalways hasbeen.The bigadvances instandard ofliving—not tomention thebig competitiveadvantagesin themarketplace-always havecome from”better recipes,not justmore cooking.One mightarguethats notstrictly true.One mightpoint out,for instance,that during the longperiod fromtheearly dayson theIndustrial Revolutionto moderntimes,muchofthe growthin productivityandmaterial wealthin theindustrial nationscame notjust fromcreative inventionslike thesteamengine,but fromthe widespreadapplication of“cooking inquantity businessmethods likemassive divisionof labor.concentration ofassets,vertical integrationand economies of scale.But thosemethods themselveswere creativedevelopments.参考答案人类创造力提升，作为经济生活所定义特征，为我们这个时代正在发生巨大改变，提供了巨大动力因为新技术，新工业，新财富都伴伴随创造力产生，创造力逐步受到重视所以，我们生活中和社会中，开始回响着创造性思想正是我们在各个方面对创造力认同，形成了我们这个时代潜在精神创造力对于我们今天生活和工作是致关主要，从许多意义上来说曾经也是在不设计大市场中大竞争优势情况下，生活水平大幅度提升总是来自愈加好食谱，而不是更多烹饪可能会有些人提出这并不完全正确有些人可能会举例指出，从早期工业革命到当代化时代这么长时期内，在工业领域中，许多生产效率进步和物质财富增加并不但仅起源煜创造性创造，如蒸气机，还起源于讲求量商业方法广泛应用，比如大规模劳动力划分，资本集中，纵向联合和经济规模不过这些方法本身就是创造性发展Section VWriting20pointsIn thissection,you areasked towrite anessay basedon thefollowing table.Describe thetableand stateyour opinion.You shouldwrite atleast150words on the ANSWERSHEETAccidents ina ChineseCity Mainaccident causesNumberof accidentsinPercentagerise+or fall-Drivers training left without due care608+10%Drivers turning too close to other vehicles411+9%pedestrians crossing roads carelessly401+12%Drivers driving under the influence of alcohol281+15%Drivers failingto givea signal264-5%英语联考真题参考答案MBASection IVocabulary andStructure20x
0.5=10points1-5:BAADB6-10:DCCDC世纪考试网版权全部11-15:BACCC16-20:BAB ADSectionII Cloze15x1=15points21-25CADBA26—30BDCABB31-35ABDBA36—40BBCDCSection IIIReading Comprehension20x2=40points41-45:CADBC46-50:BCADA51-55:ABCCA55-60:CBDBD参考译文SectionIVTranslation20x1=20points作为经济生活所表明特征，人类社会创造力提升为我们这个时代正在发生巨大改变提供了巨大动力因为许多新技术，新兴工业以及新财富都源自于创造力，所以，它价值业已凸现出来所以，各种创新观念开始在我们生活和社会中传输开来正是人们在各个领域对创造力认同才形成了我们这个时代精神基础创造力对我们当今生活和工作方式至关主要，而且在许多方面一直如此生活水平大幅度提升总是起源于愈加好食谱，而不只是烹饪更多食品，更不用说在市场条件下那些大竞争优势了然而，有些人则会认这并不完全正确比如说，有些人可能会指出从早期工业化时代到当代这么长时期里，一些工业国家生产力大幅度提升和物资财富大量增加并不但仅是来自于象蒸气机这么创造性创造；而且还得益于“大量烹饪”商业模式广泛使用如大规模劳动力分工，资产集中，纵向联合以及规模经济等，不过全部这些模式本身就是创造性发展范文As can be seenfromtheabove table,comparing tothe past,in,the trafficaccidents inChinesecity werestill ignoredby bothdrivers andpedestrians.Records showthat somebadly changeshadtaken placein thefollowing aspects.In theyear of,accidents ina Chinesecity causedby driverstrainingleftwithoutdue care grew10%,which is608in total.And driversturningtooclose toothervehiclescause the number ofaccidentsto be411,which is9%added comparingtothepast.Although therewasonly281accidents relatedwith driversdrivingunder theinfluence ofalcohol,it stillincreased15%which wasthe greatestchange ofall.Besides the drivers,thetablealso tells
6.The manageris callingonacustomer tryingto talkhim intosigning thecontract.A.prosperous B.preliminaryC.pessimistic D.prospective
7.In1991,while tileeconomiesofindustrialized countriesmet aneconomic,the economiesofdeveloping countrieswere growingvery fast.A.revival B.repressionC.recession D.recovery
8.The destructionofthetwin towersshock and anger throughoutthe world.A.summoned B.temptedC provokedD.stumbled
9.About20ofthepassengers whowere injuredinaplane crashare saidto bein condition.A.decisive B.urgentC.vital D.critical
10.The interactionsbetween Chinaand theUS willsurely havea significantonpeace andstability in the Asia——Pacific regionand the world asa whole.A.importance B.impressionC.impact D.implication
11.The poorcountries areextremely tointernational economicfluctuations-A.inclined B.vulnerableC.attracted D.reduced
12.Applicants shouldnote that all positionsare------to Australiancitizenship requirements.usthose pedestrianscrossingroadscarelessly cantbe ignored,with which thenumberofaccidents is401associated.It isno difficultjob forus tocome upwith somepossible factorsthat areresponsible forthe changes.For onething,thegovernmentis stillnot awareofthenecessary ofstrict trainingfordrivers.It isgovernment officers^failing in their dutythat makethedriverstraining leftwithoutduecare.For another,divers donothavetrue understandingin importanceof save.Many driverseven driveundertheinfluenceofalcohol;some driversturn tooclosetoanothervehicles orovertake anothervehicles infront in order tocatch pleasantsensation fora moment.Besides,an importantfactor worthour concernis thatour pedestriansalways crossroad crossly,some citizenseven violatetraffic rulesinorderfor convenient.Considering thecurrent issueand worseningsituation,we shouldcall forsome immediateactions.In otherwords,our governmentof variouslevels mustmake relevantplans orrules toguaranteeevery drivershaving stricttraining.Besides,the generalpublic shouldalso bemadeaware thatany promptsolution isof benefitto all.Therefore,its theduty ofordinary peopleto activelyparticipate in the action.As adriver,weshould drivehis carcarefully,especially whenthe weatheris bad;asapedestrian,we shouldnotcross aroad whenthe trafficlights donot permitthem to.C.objected D.objective
13.We aimto ensurethatallcandidates aretreated fairlyand that they haveequal toemploymentopportunities.A.entrance B.entryC.access D.admission
14.Successful learningis notanactivity butconsists offour distinctstages ina specificorderA.only B.soleC.mere D.single
15.The opportunityto exploreand playand theencouragement todo soCan theperformanceof manychildren.A.withhold B.preventC.enhance D.justify
16.All herhard workintheend,and shefinally passedthe exam.A.showed offB.paid offC.left offD.kept off
17.In orderto livethe kindof lifewe wantand tobe theperson wewant tobe,we haveto domore than justwith events.A.put supB.set upC.turn upD.make up
18.The teamplayed hardbecause thechampionship ofthe statewas.A.at handB.at stakeC.at largeD.at best
19.I dont thinkyoull changehis mind;once hes decidedon sosomething hetends toit.A.stick to B.abide byC.comply withD.keep on
20.Tom placedthe banknotes,thechangeand receipts,back inthe drawer.A.morethanB.but forC.thanks toD.along withSectionII Cloze10pointsDirections:For eachnumbered blankinthefollowing passage,therearefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Choose thebest oneand markyour answeron the ANSWERSHEETwith apencil.Advancing agemeans losingyour hair,your waistlineand yourmemory,rightDana Denisisjust40years old,but21she sworried aboutwhat shecalls myrolling mentalblackouts.“Itry toremember somethingand Ijust blankout,“she saysYoumay22about theselapses,calling them”senior moments“or blamingearly老年痴呆症.”Alzheimer sIs itan inescapablefact thatthe olderyou get,the23youremember Well,sort of.But astime goesby,we tendto blameage24problems thatare notnecessarilyage-related.“When ateenager cant findher keys,she thinksits becauseshe sdistracted ordisorganized,^says PaulGold.“A70-year-old blamesher
25.In fact,the70-year-old mayhavebeen26things fordecades.In healthypeople,memory doesnt worsenas27as manyof usthink.“As we28,the memorymechanism isnt29,says psychologistFergus Craik.It sjust inefficient.vThe brains processing30slows downover theyears,though noone knowsexactly
31.Recent researchsuggests thatnerve cellslose efficiencyand32there sless activityinthe brain.But,cautions BarryGordon,Its notclear thatless activityis
33.A beginningathlete is（气喘吁吁）winded moreeasily thana34athlete.In thesame way,35thebraingets moreskilledatatask,it expendsless energyon it.”There are36you cantake tocompensate fornormal slippagein yourmemory gears,thoughit37effort.Margaret Sewellsays:We rea quick-fix culture,but youhaveto38to keepyourbrain39shape.It slike havinga goodbody.You Cant gotothegym once
21.A.almost B.seldom C.already D.never
22.A.joke B.laugh C.blame D.criticize
23.A.much B.little C.more D.less
24.A.since B.for C.by D.because
25.A.memory B.mind C.trouble D.health
26.A.disorganizing B.misplacing C.putting D.finding
27.A.swiftly B.frequently C.timely D.quickly
28.A.mature B.advance C.ageD.grow
29.A.broken B.poor C.perfect D.working
30.A.pattern B.time C.space D.information
31.A.why B.how C.what D.when
32.A.since B.hence C.that D.althougha year40expect tostay intop form.”
33.A.irregular B.better C.normal D.worse
34.A.famous B.senior C.popular D.trained
35.A.as B.till C.though D.yet
36.A.stages B.steps C.advantages D.purposes
37.A.makes B.takes C.does D.spends
38.A.rest B.come C.work D.study
39.A.toB.for C.on D.in
40.A.so B.or C.andD.ifSection HIReading Comprehension40pointsDirections:There are4passages inthis part,Each passageis followedby somequestions orunfinishedstatements.For eachof themtherearefour choicesmarked A,B,C,andD.Youshould decideon thebest choiceand blackenthe correspondingletter ontheANSWERSHEETwith apencil.Questions41to45are basedonthefollowing passage:Prior tothe20th century,many languageswith smallnumbers ofspeakers survivedforcenturies.The increasinglyinterconnected modernworld makes it muchmore difficultforsmall languagecommunities to live inrelative isolation,a keyfactor inlanguage maintenanceandpreservation.It remainstobeseen whethertheworld can maintain its linguisticand culturaldiversity inthecenturies ahead.Many powerfulforces appearto workagainst it:population growth,whichpushes migrantpopulations intothe worldslast isolatedlocations;mass tourism;globaltelecommunications andmass media;andthespread ofgigantic globalcorporations.All of these forcesappeartosignify afuture inwhichthelanguage ofadvertising,popularculture,and consumerproducts becomesimilar.Already Englishand afew othermajor tongueshaveemerged asglobal languagesof commerceand communication.For manyoftheworldspeoples,learning one ofthese languages isviewed asthe keyto education,economicopportunity,andabetter way of life.Only about3,000languages nowin useare expectedto survivethe comingcentury.Aremost oftherestdoomed inthe centuryafter thatWhethermost oftheselanguagessurvive willprobably dependon howstrongly culturalgroupswish tokeep theiridentity alivethrough anative language.To doso willrequire an（）emphasis onbilingualism masteryof twolanguages.Bilingual speakerscould usetheir ownlanguagein smallerspheres-at home,among friends,in communitysettings---anda globallanguage atwork,in dealingswith government,andincommercial spheres.In thisway,manysmall languagescould sustaintheir culturaland linguisticintegrity alongsideglobal languages,（同化）rather thanyield tothe homogenizingforces ofglobalization.Ironically,the trendof technologicalinnovation thathas threatenedminority languagescouldalso helpsave them.For example,some expertspredict thatcomputer softwaretranslationtools willone daypermit minoritylanguage speakersto browsethe Internetusingtheir nativetongues.Linguists arecurrently usingcomputer-aided learningtools toteach avarietyof threatenedlanguages.For many endangered languages,the linebetween revivaland deathis extremelythin.（有活力）Language isremarkably resilient,however.It isnotjust atool forcommunicating,butalso apowerful wayof separatingdifferent groups,or ofdemonstrating groupidentity.Many（原生，土着）indigenous communitieshave shownthat itis possibletoliveinthemodernworld whilereclaiming theirunique identitiesthrough language.
41.Minority languagescanbebest preservedin.A.an increasinglyinterconnected worldB.maintaining smallnumbers ofspeakersC.relatively isolatedlanguage communitiesD.following thetradition ofthe20th century
42.According toParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguistic diversityinthefutureis.A.uncertain B.unrealisticC.foreseeable D.definite
43.According totheauthor,bilingualism canhelp.A.small languagesbecome acceptablein workplacesB.homogenize theworld slanguages andculturesC.global languagesreach homeand communitysettingsD.speakers maintaintheir linguisticand culturalidentity
44.Computer technologyis helpfulfor preservingminority languagesin that it.A.makes learningagloballanguage unnecessaryB.facilitates thelearning andusing ofthose languagesC.raises publicawareness ofsaving thoselanguagesD.makesiteasier forlinguists tostudy thoselanguages
45.1ntheauthors view,manyendangeredlanguages are.A.remarkably well-kept inthis modernworldB.exceptionally powerfultools ofcommunicationC.quite possibletoberevived insteadof dyingoutD.a uniquewayofbringing differentgroups togetherQuestions46to50are basedonthefollowing passage:Everyone,it seems,has ahealthproblemAfter pouringbillions intothe NationaloHealthService,British peoplemoan aboutdirty hospitals,long waitsand wastedmoney.InGermany thenew chancellor,Angela Merkel,is underfire forsuggesting changingthefinancing of its healthsystem.Canadas newConservative PrimeMinister,Stephen Harper,made abig fussduringtheelection aboutreducing thecountrys lengthymedical queues.Across the rich world,affluence,ageing andadvancing technologyare drivingup healthspendingfaster thanincome.But nowherehas abigger healthproblem thanAmerica.Soaring medicalbills aresqueezingwages,swelling theranks ofthe uninsuredand pushinghuge firmsand perhapseventhe governmenttowards bankruptcy.Fords announcementthis weekthatitwould cutup to
30.000jobs bywas asmuch asign ofitslegacyhealth-care costsas ofthe illsofthecarindustry.Pushed bypolls thatshow healthcare isoneofhis maindomestic problemsand by（生育高峰期出生人）forecasts showingthattheretiringbaby-boomers willcrush thegovernment^s finances,George Bushis tounveil areform;plan innext weeks state-of-the-union address.Americas healthsystemisunlike anyother.The UniteStates spends16%ofitsGDP onhealth,around twicetherich-country average,equivalent to$6,280for everyAmerican eachyear.Yetit isthe onlyrich countrythat doesnot guaranteeuniversal healthcoverage.Thanks toanaccident ofhistory,most Americansreceive healthinsurance throughtheir employer,with thegovernmentpicking upthebillforthepoor andthe elderly.（，昆合物）This curioushybrid certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americans havemore choicethan。
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