上海市建平中学20182019学年学高三第二学期3月英语周练卷 版有答案和解析

2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期周练英语试卷略I.Listening Comprehension分II.Grammar andVocabulary20Section ADirections:After readingthe passagebelow,fill in the blanksto makethe passagecoherent andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Stanford Earthprofessor JonPayne putsmodern extinctionsin context21comparing themwith Earthsfiveprevious massextinctions.Weve found that extinctionthreat in the modern oceans isvery stronglyassociated withlarger body size,saidJonathan Payne,at StanfordsSchool ofEarth,EnergyEnvironmental Sciences,This ismost likelydue to peopleH22target largerspecies forconsumption first.In a new study,23publish in the Sept.16issue of the journalScience,Payne andhis colleaguesexamined theassociationbetween extinctionthreat level and ecological traits24body sizefor twomaj orgroups of marine animals—mollusks andvertebrates—over the past500years andcomparedit with the ancientpast,25stretch asfar backas445million yearsago andwith a particular emphasison the mostrecent66million years.HWe usedthe fossilrecord toshow,in aconcrete,convincing way,that26is happeningin the modernoceansisreally differentfrom whathas happenedin thepast,said studyco-author NoelHeim,a postdoctoralresearcher inPayneslab.Specifically,the authorsfound that themodernera isunique in the extent27creatures withlarger bodysizes arebeingpreferentially targetedfor extinction,What ouranalysis showsis thatfor everyfactor of10increase inbody mass,Mthe oddsof28threaten byextinction goup bya factorof13orso,Payne said.The biggeryou are,29likely you areto befacing extinction.*The selectiveextinction oflarge-bodied animals30have seriousconsequences forthe health ofmarineecosystems,the scientistssay,because theytend to be at the topsof foodwebs and their movementsthrough thewater columnandthe seafloorhelp cyclenutrients throughthe oceans.【答案】

21.by

22.targeting

23.published24,such as

25.stretching

26.what

27.because

28.being threatened

29.more likely

30.may【重难点词汇和短语解析】大规模灭绝，大量消亡

1.Mass extinction-n.与...联系起来，与…有关

2.Be associatedwith-prep.消费，消耗，吃，喝

3.Consumption-n.生态属性/特性

4.Ecological trait-n.friendship,loyalty andlove..._______________________________________________________________________________No.3A Game ofThrones—NOW THEACCLAIMED HBOSERIES GAMEOF THRONESBY GEORGER.R.MARTINFrom amaster ofcontemporary fantasycomes the first novelof a landmark seriesunlike anyyouve everread before.With A Game ofThrones,George R.R.Martin haslaunched agenuine masterpiece,bringing togetherthe bestthe genrehas to offer.Mystery,intrigue,romance and adventure fillthe pagesofthis magnificentsaga,the firstvolume in an epicseriessure todelight fantasyfans everywhere._______________________________________________________________________________No.4The CubanAffair—INSTANT#1NEW YORKTIMES BESTSELLERBY NELSONDEMILLEBrilliantly written with hissignature humorand realexperience fromhis researchtrip toCuba...Nelson DeMilleis atruemaster ofgenre._______________________________________________________________________________No.5Sleeping BeautiesBY OWENKING,STEPHEN KINGInthis spectacularfather/son collaboration,Stephen Kingand OwenKing tellthehighest ofhigh-stakes stories:What mighthappen ifwomen disappearedfrom theworld ofmen”In afuture soreal andnear that it mightbe now,something happenswhen womengo tosleep.And whilethey sleep,they go to anotherplace,a betterplace,where harmonyprevails andconflict israre...

60.According to the article,which bookis co-authoredA.It B.A Game ofThrones C.The CubanAffair D.Sleeping Beauties

61.According to the passage,which bookshave been adapted for television orthe big screenA.It and A Game ofThrones B.Origin andThe CubanAffairC.A GameofThrones andOrigin D.Sleeping Beauties andA Column of Fire

62.According to the article,which of the followingstatements is trueA.The CubanAffairs is a novelwrittenwith a serious tone.B.The storyin AColumn ofFire isset in a modernEuropean country.C.It describesa frighteningstory setin Derry,a locationfamiliar to readers of Stephen King.D.The authorof AGameofThroneshas alsowritten otherbooks,including BagsofBones.【答案】

60.D

61.A

62.C【重难点词汇和短语解析】冲突,抵触Clash:幻想，白日梦Fantasy真实的，真正的Genuine阴谋，诡计Intrigue壮观的，惊人的Spectacular合作，勾结Collaboration高风险high-stakes盛行，流行Prevail【试题解析】.细节题题干中的合著”一词对应的介绍中合作，协作”一词，60co-authored“Sleeping Beautiescollaboration”因此很容易选出答案Do细节题注意题干中的这一词组，意为“为…而改编”以及和（大银幕

61.be adaptedfortelevisionbigscreen指电影）这些关键词选项为两两组合的作品名称，只有选项中被翻拍成了电影，而拍成了电A ItAGameof Thrones视剧.推断题根据整片文章来看，选择与文章中说法一致的内容选项中一词与文中的冲突，因62A serioushumor此排除；选项中的一词与文中年代，以及…说法不一,因此排除；选项错在B modern“In1558”the ancientstones DA的作者和的作者不是同一人；因此答案为GameofThrones Bagsof BonesCo（）C（学员）A radioreport caughtmy attention the otherday,as itspoke straightto myheart:Cadets at the US NavalAcademy inAnnapolis,Md.,are nowrequired to revisit andpotentially revivethe ancient skill ofsteering aship by thestars.By thestars-imagine that:looking upat thesky,not downat ascreen,so manyyears after the heavenscriticalrole inguiding marinershas fallenby theway side,first displacedby radiowaves,then bymodern GPS.Much isgained-but somethingalso lost-in suchprogress,I think.（航海的）（It remindedmeof18th-and19th-century seafaring tales readingthem isone ofmy copingmechanisms）（天空的）for lifein thelandlocked Midwest,when sailorshad onlycelestial mapsfor navigation and stillmiraculouslymanaged tosail theplanets vastoceans andeven circumnavigatethe globe.Recent cybersecurityconcerns havetriggered renewedinterest inbackup navigationalstrategies such as stargazing,（六分仪）,and simplehand-held technologieslike thesextant sooften invokedin RichardHenry DanasTwo YearsBeforethe Mast,a talethat chroniclesa mid-19th-century merchantships endlesslyharrowing voyagefrom BostontoCalifornia andback.I wouldntwishthe harsh conditions ofthat tripon modern sailors,but I am allfor anythingthat getspeople clued仿位）in to their compassbearings andtravel trajectories withouthigh-tech andoften mindlessguidance.Is thatnorth orsouth ofhere Iveasked motelclerks andgas station attendants abouta particularaddress Imseekingin myGPS-less travels.Well,its thatway,comes themost frequentreply,accompanied bya pointedfinger,and Irealize thatnorth,south,（坐标）east,and westare notfamiliar coordinatesto manypeople.To befair,I haventalways been attuned tocompass pointseither.In factit wasnot untilI was ayoung adult,lazing9on afloat inmy parentspool on a latesummers visithome,and watchingthe sundip belowthe roofline,that Ifirstrealized thatmy childhoodhome faceddue west.I wasshocked thatTd beenoblivious to this simplefact,especially sinceIdbegun to be schooledin geologyand certainlyin compasswork.But likeso many,Id grownup thinkingand navigatingin terms ofother coordinates,based onfamiliar streets,rights andlefts,and reference points such as myschool,thehomes offriends,the nearestplayground,andthelocal shoppingplaza.Ive longsince become accustomed tofinding mybearings ontravels inunfamiliar territoryby thesuns position.Andnow Idlove tosit inon aclass at the academyto learn to navigate by the moon andstars.Ifs askill rillikely neverneedto drawupon.Yet justknowing howit wouldconnect me,in anew andprofound way,tothehistorical arcofhumanexperience onthis planet.As formodernsailors,it mightjustbring themsafely homeone day,if allelse fails.

63.What kindof roledo18th and19th centuryseafaringtalesplay in the authorslifeA.Enriching hisdull inlandlifeB.Triggering hisconcern forcyber security.C.Arousing hisinterest inmodern navigationalstrategies.D.Strengthening hisresolve torevive anancientskill（）

64.The authormentions hisexperience ofseeking anaddress Para,67to illustrate.A.the importanceof moderntechnology such as GPSin travels.B.that itsessential tolearn geographyand compasswork wellat school.C.that manypeople dontnavigate in terms ofcoordinates suchas northand south.D.the convenienceof navigatingbased onfamiliar streets,rights andlefts andreferencepoints.（）

65.The underlinedphrasesoblivious to”Para.8is closetin meaningto.A.obvious toB.familiar withC.unconcerned aboutD.unaware of

66.Why doesthe authorplan tolearntonavigatebythemoonand starsA.Because heexpects toexperience theharshconditionson thevoyage inthepast.B.Because heis required torevisitthis ancientskill as a cadetat the U.SNavalAcademy.C.Because theskill canmake himfeel connectedtothehistorical heritageofhuman beings.D.Because theskill canbring sailorshome,safe andsound,if moderntechnology fails.【答案】ACDC【重难点词汇和短语解析】驾驶〔车、船等）

1.steer航行,航海,航空.■领航,导航

2.navigation n.2环绕...航行

3.circumnavigate vt.引发，激发（尤指一系列事件）

4.trigger给（某人）提供线索；告知

5.clue sb.in对某事熟悉（适应）

6.be/become attunedto sth,.不在意的，无意识的；不知不觉的通常与或连用；忘却的；健忘的【试题解析】

7.oblivious adjof to由文章第三段可知，十八和十九世纪的航海故事丰富了作者无聊的童年生活，所以答案为

63.A由文章六七段可知，作者提及自己询问地址的经历是为了说明很多人不会按照坐标来分辨方位，所以答案为

64.Co由文章第八段可知，作者是惊讶于自己以前竟然没有意识到这个事实，所以与意思最相近的应该

65.oblivious to”为Do由文章最后一段可知，作者是由于知道自己可以通过这种方式把人类历史上的经历与这个星球联系起来，他

66.才计划由星星和月亮导航，所以答案为CSection CDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Another studyof302volunteers athospitals inChicago focusedon individualdifferences inthe degreeto whichpeopleview volunteer“as animportant socialrole.B.To selectvolunteers,you mayneed tounderstand themotivations of the peopleyou wishto attract.C.When that happens,people becomeless likely to volunteerinthe future.D.So it is ofgreat importanceto studyvolunteer behaviorsand howto organizevolunteer activities.E.To do so,it shouldhelp tounderstand why people undertakevolunteer workand whatkeeps theirinterest inthework.Suppose youbecomealeader in an organization.Its verylikely thatyoull want to havevolunteers tohelp with theorganizations activities.

67.Lets beginwiththequestion ofwhypeople volunteer.Researchers haveidentified severalfactors thatmotivatepeople to get involved.For example,people volunteerto expresspersonal valuesrelated tounselfishness,to expandtheirrange of experiences,and tostrengthen socialrelationships.If volunteer positions donot meetthese needs,people may__________________________________notwish toparticipate.

62.People alsovolunteer becausethey arerequiredtodoso.To increaselevels ofcommunity service,some schoolshavelaunched compulsoryvolunteer programs.Unfortunately,these programscan shiftpeoples wishof participationfrom aninternalfactor eg,I volunteerbecause itsimportant tome to an externalfactor eg,“I volunteerbecause Imrequiredto doso.

69.People must be sensitiveto thispossibility whenthey makevolunteer activitiesa must.Once peoplebegin tovolunteer,what leadsthem toremain in their positionsover timeTo answerthis question,researchers haveconducted follow-up studiesin whichthey trackvolunteers overtime.For instance,one studyfollowed238volunteers inFlorida overa year.One of themostimportant factorsthat influencedtheir satisfactionas volunteerswas the amountof sufferingthey experiencedin theirvolunteerpositions.Although thisresult maynot surpriseyou,itleads toimportant practicaladvice.The researchersnote that attention shouldbe givento trainingmethods thatwouldprepare volunteersfor troublesomesituations orprovide themwith strategiesfor copingwiththeproblem theydoexperience”.

67.C这件事是未发生的，并且根据作者在探讨人们做志愿者的可能性和下文解释的原因可知符合题意.C Whenthathappens,考查上下文联系,根据上下文

68.B Forexample,peoplevolunteerto expresspersonal valuesrelated to可知要选择志愿者，你可能需要了解你想要的人的动机.故unselfishness,to expandtheir rangeofexperiences,and to..选B考查上下文联系，根据该空的上文表明人们当志愿者的原因以及根据下文

69.D“People mustbe sensitivetothis可知需要研究志愿者的行为和如何组织志愿者活动，故选possibility whenthey makevolunteer activitiesamust”D.考查上下文联系，根据该空位于末段的首句，表明其承上启下的句子功能，并且由下文提到的志愿者角色

70.A和社会角色可对应到志愿者服务于社会的程度的另一个研究的描述，故选A.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.France,which pridesitself asthe globalinnovator offashion,has decidedits fashion industry haslost anabsoluteright todefine physicalbeauty forwoman.Its lawmakersgave preliminaryapproval last weekto alaw thatwould makeita crimeto employultra-thin modelson catwalks.The parliamentalso agreedto banwebsites thatadvocate excessive,thinness,by promotingextreme dieting.Such measureshave acouple ofuplifting motives.They suggestbeauty shouldnot bedefined bylooks thatend upwithimpinging onhealth.Thafs astart.And theban onultra-thin modelsseems togo beyondprotecting modelsfromstarving themselvesto health,as somehave done.It tellsthe fashionindustry thatit musttake responsibilityforthesignalit sendsto women,especially teenagegirls,about thesocial standardthey mustuse todetermine theirindividual worth.The bans,if fullyenforced,would suggestto womanand manymen that they shouldnot letothers bejudges oftheirbeauty.And perhapsfaintly,they hintthat peopleshould lookto otherqualities likecharacter andintellect ratherthandieting theirway tosize zeroor wasp-waist.The French measures,however,rely toomuch onsevere punishmentto changea culturethat stillregards beautyasskin-deep andbone-showing.Under thelaw,using afashion modelthat doesnot meeta government-defined indexofbodymess couldresult in a$85,000fine andsix monthsin prison.The fashionindustry knowsit has an inherentproblem infocusing onmaterial decorationand idealizedbody types.In Denmark,the UnitedStates,andafew othercountries,itistrying toset voluntarystandard formodels andfashionimages thatrely moreon peerpressure forenforcement.5In contrastto Franceactions,Denmark fashionindustry agreedlast monthon rulesand punishmentsregarding€6age,health,and othercharacteristics ofmodels.The newlyrevised DanishFashion EthicalCharter dearlystates:We areAawareof andtake responsibilityfbr theimpact thefashionindustryhas onbody ideals,especially onyoung people.Relying onethical persuasionrather thanlaw toaddress themisuse ofbodyideals maybethe beststep.Even betterwouldbe tohelp elevateconcepts ofbeauty beyondthe materialstandards ofaparticularindustry.【参考答案】French lawmakershave madestrict lawson pursuingexcessive thinness^^to preventpeople fromdefining beautybylook and give womena goodexample.It will be effectiveifbeing enforced.However,Frenchmeasuresrely toomuch on9punishment ratherthan theunderlying problemwhich seemsnot better than othercountries measuresbased on theethical persuasion.60wordsV.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentencesinto English,using thewords giveninthebrackets.建议高中生走进社区，为公众服务，因为接触社会至关重要

1.exposure【答案】It issuggested thathigh schoolstudents shouldenter thecommunity andserve forthe publicbecause theexposure tothesociety isvital.【试题解析】固定搭配接触exposuretosth.手机上瘾会让学生在学习上无法全神贯注，因此学校出台规章制度在校禁用手机

2.deprive【答案】An addictionto mobilephones deprivesstudents oftheir concentrationon study,so thatthe schoolshaveissued regulationswhich forbidstudents touse mobilephones duringschooldays.【试题解析】固定搭配剥夺某人某物deprive sb.of sth.很多网络商家不遗余力追求利润和好评，他们的不诚信行为对网络商业环境造成了不可逆转的损害

3.pursuit【答案】Many onlinebusinesses spared no effort tobein pursuitof profitsand favorablecomments andtheir badfaithcaused anirreversible damageto cybercommerce environment.【试题解析】固定搭配不遗余力做某事追求sparednoefforttodo sth.in pursuitof sth.那部改编自畅销科幻小说的电影一上映就广受好评并很快票房第一，开启了国产科幻电影的新潮流

1.How muchtime wouldyou wantto spendon reading

2.What kindof bookis yourmost favorite

3.Why shouldwe naturea readinghabitMany peoplevoice thatthe bookswe choosetoreadmustbemeaningful oruseful,especially our parents.Most ofusmay havesimilar experience,when wereading anovel,ourparentswill disturbus andalways say“Dont wasteyourtime toread thisvalueless bookany more.If youhave spare time,you shouldlearn yourtext book.But today,I wantencourageall ofusto spend morespare timeon readingbooks,no matternovels,comic booksor textbooks.Becausewhen wereading,we willlearn someexperience fromit,suchaswriting skills,talking skillsor paintingskills.So,if youhavesparetimeand dontknow howtospendit,just startyourreading.Reading willmake your life becomemorecolorful!Thank you!海洋的，海运的

5.Marine-adj.无脊椎动物

6.Mollusk-n.脊椎动物

7.Vertebrate-n..化石

8.Fossil-n具体的，实物的

9.Concrete-adj.博士后的

10.Postdoctoral-adj.在・・・程度上

11.In theextent-prep.,优先地，优惠地

12.Preferentially-adv体质量

13.Body mass-n.几率，胜算，可能性

14.Odds-n.选择的

15.Selective-adj.生态系统

16.Ecosystem-n.食物网络

17.Foodwebs-n.柱状物，专栏

18.Column-n.【试题解析】题考查状从中介词的搭配，这里空格后面是动名词前面发出一个动作，因此是方式状语，”21comparing,put通过比较…和…”，因此填by.题考查括号中动词的正确形式，主语是此处表示主动应该填现在分词，而本句的时态是一般现在时，22people,因此填targeting.题考查定语从句，主语是作后置定语，加之后面有过去的时间限制，因此填表23anewstudy,publish published示过去完成题考查短语，解题关键在空格前后的和两者是包含关系，因此此处是在举例说明，24ecologicaltraitsbodysize,填such aso题考查非谓语动词，主语是谓语是这里缺少表示主动的一个非谓语，25Payne andhis colleagues,examined,stretchingo题主语从句里面缺少主语指物，同时在第二行出现了宾语此处是对比差异，因此填同样填26what,what.题考查连词，首先空格前后是两句完整的话，并且前后的关系是因果关系，前果后因，因此填题27because.28考查介词前后的动词填写形式，-威胁的后面有介词因此确定是被动而前面的又限制了threaten by,threatened,of的形式，因此填v-ing beingthreatened.题考查形容词比较级，通过前面的确定这里也是比较级，因此填29bigger more likely.题考查情态动词，空格后面是动词原形前面主语是再者下一行的表示一种倾向，并不30have,animals,tend to是确定的事实，因此判断是科学家的一种设想，这里填较合适may分Section B10Directions:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.breeds B.accompanied C.trials D.loose E.familiarity F.fell G.insecurity H.defend I.chance J.martial K.documentDivorce isone ofthosecreations,like fastfood andlite rock,that havemore peoplewilling toindulge init thanpeoplewilling to31it.Back inthe1960s,easier divorcewas hailedas aneeded remedyfor toxicrelationships.Butfamiliarity32contemptSM.In recentyears,the divorcerevolution has been blamedfbr worseningall sortsofproblems withoutbringing happinesstopeoplein unhappymarriages.Theres alot ofevidence that33breakup doesmore socialharm thangood.In their2000book,The CaseforMarriage,Linda Waite and MaggieGallagher34that adults who aremarried dobetterthansingles inwealth,healthand personalsatisfaction.Children livingwithadivorced orunwed singleparent aremorelikelyto fallinto poverty,sickness andcrime thanother kids.Marriage isa goodthing,most peopleagree,while divorceis,at best,a necessaryevil.So thelaws that35_thedivorce revolutionhave come under firefor destroyingfamilies andweakening safeguardsfbr spouseswho keeptheirvows.Waiteand Gallagher arguethat36divorce lawsharm evenintact householdsby fosteringchronic uncertainty.Louisiana,in linewith thiscriticism,has goneso farastoprovide acovenant marriageoption forcouples whowantthe protectionof stricterdivorce rules.It mayseem obviousthat easierdivorce lawsmake formore divorceand more37_.But whatis obviousis notnecessarilytrue.What twoscholars havefound is that whenyou makedivorce easiertoget,you mayactually producebettermarriages.In theold days,anyone whowanted toescape fromthe38of marriagehad toget hisor herspouse toagree toasplit,or elsegotocourt toprove thepartner haddone somethingterribly wrongsuchascommitting adultery.The60sand70s broughtno-fault divorce,which isalso knownas“unilateral divorce,since eitherparty canbring itaboutwithout theconsent ofthe other.The firstsurprise isthat looserdivorce lawshave actuallyhad littleeffect on the numberof marriagesthat fallapart.Economist JustinWolfers ofStanford University,inastudy publishedbytheNational BureauofEconomicResearch,foundthatwhen Californiapassed ano-fault divorcelaw in1970,the divorcerate jumped,then39backto its old leveland then fell some more.That wasalso thepattern inother statesthat loosenedtheir laws.Over time,he estimates,the40thatafirst marriagewould breakup roseby justone-fourth of1percentage point,which isnextto nothing.【答案】HAJKB DGCFI【试题解析】首先根据空格前的可知，此空填动词原形，然后从句子意思来看，相比防护，人们更愿意沉溺其

31.willing to中，所以选Ho根据句子成分和时态来看，此空应该填动词的三单形式，结合所给的词，只能选表示过分亲密就会有所轻

32.A,蔑后面跟了一个从句，从句中主语是空格部分到因为是名词，

33.Theres alot ofevidence thatbreakup,breakup所以空格处应该填一个形容词，从句子上下文来看，应该表示婚姻关系的破裂，所以选J从句子成分来看，空格处是填一个谓语动词，根据前面的可知，

34.In their2000book,Linda Waiteand Maggie这两个人在书中记载了，所以选表示记录，记载Gallagher K,从句子成分来看，此空填谓语动词，再结合句子意思，伴随离婚变革的法律已经受到严厉批评，所以选

35.Bo根据空格特点可以判断出此空缺一个形容词，修饰后面的结合所给词来看，只能选表示宽松

36.divorce laws,D,的离婚法伤害了甚至完好无损的家庭.根据空格前的来看，此空应该填名词，跟前面构成一个并列的关系，所以选表示更多37more divorceandG,的离婚和不安全从空格特点可以判断出此空缺一个名词，根据句子意思，在以前，任何一个想要从试婚中逃离出来的人都要

38.得到另一半的同意，所以选Co根据来看，此空要补充一.39the divorcerate jumped,then39back toitsoldlevelandthenfellsomemore.个动词来和前后的时态保持一致，所以选表示回到F,从空格特点可以判断出此空缺一个名词，再结合句子意思，他估计，第一次婚姻会破裂的这种可行性

40.受到严厉批评

1.comeunderfire完好无损的adj.

2.intact沉溺

3.indulge in【重难点词汇和短语解析】赞扬，招手v.

4.hail,有毒的，引起中毒的adj

5.toxic.慢性的，长期的adj

6.chronic契约婚姻

7.covenant marriage同意，赞同n.

9.consent单方面的离婚

8.unilateral divorce

111.Reading Comprehension45Section ADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordofphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.The power of crowdsPsychologistslike StephenReicher fromthe UniversityofSt.Andrews intheU.K.suspect that crowds haveapositive impactonthehealthofthe individualswithin them.Actually,what theirresearch showsisthatcrowds are41to society.They help form our sense of who we are,they help form ourrelations toothers-they even help determineour42well-being.Reicher andhis colleaguescame tothe largestHindu festival,the Kumbh,to testthe ideathatcrowdsare beneficialandto confirmthe healthfuleffects ofthe festivalon itsparticipants.Before thestart offestival,his researcherswentout intothe Indiancountryside to question agroup of43attenders about their mentaland physicalhealth.They alsoquestionedpeople whodidnt planto attend.The researchers44toquestionboth groupsa month after the festival hadended.Those whostayed in their villagesreported noreal changeover theperiod ofthe study.Those who attended it,onthe other hand,reported alOpercent45intheirhealth,including lesspain,less anxietyand higherenergy levels.Whats more,the goodeffects lastedlong afterward.Why should belonging toa crowd improve your health Thepsychologists think46identity isthe cause.You think69in termsof werather thanI,explains acolleague ofReichert.This wayof thinking47human relationships.Membersof thecrowd support one another,competition becomescooperation,and peopleare ableto achievetheir goalsinawaythey wouldntbe ableto

48.踩Unfortunately,in spiteofthemutual supportso49elsewhere atthe Kumbh,36people diedinastampede踏atthe train station there afterthe festival.Somehow thecrowd hadlost its

50.Reicher wrotethat onepossiblecause wasthatthepeople no longer formeda psychologicalcrowd.They nolonger saw those around them as fellows,butrather as51for seatsonatrain.52,before thistragedy,Reicher hadinterviewed avillager whowas askedto describethe feelinginthecrowd atthe station.People thinkthey aremore powerfulthan you,they canpush you around,she said.669She wasthen askedto describethe feelingintheKumbh:People53you.They treatyou ina politemanner Thestampedewas anexample ofwhat canhappen whenthe psychological cooperation ofa crowd

54.Incidents suchasthe stampede are rare atthe festival,and thisone isunlikely todiscourage peoplefrom attendingtheevent inthefuture.The policewill undoubtedlylearn fromthis experienceand makethestationsafer.But incrowdsas largeas thoseatthefestival,individuals mustput their55inthepower ofpsychological cooperation.In other

41.A.appealing B.special C.critical D.instructiveC.developmental D.judgmental

42.A.financial B.physicalC.representative D.prospective

43.A.average B.prosperous€4C.refused D.hesitatedwords,Love thyyour neighbor.^^One day,it couldeven saveyourlife.

45.A.improvement B.mystery C.understanding D.sign

46.A.particular B.unique C.shared D.personal

47.A.settles B.alters C.handles D.maintain

48.A.just B.late C.alone D.further

49.A.evident B.secure C.regular D.feasible

50.A.equality B.status C.spirit D.harmony

51.A.maintain B.participants C.competitors D.candidates

52.A.Inevitably B.Likewise C.Unfortunately D.Strangely

53.A.are cautiousabout B.are jealousofC.are suspiciousof D.are concernedabout

54.A.pops upB.breaks downC.goeson D.takes off

55.A.foundation B.interest C.faith D.personality【答案】41-45CBDBA46-50CBCAD51-55CDDBC【重难点词汇和短语解析】:怀疑suspect至于，关于intermsof:共同的mutual:悲居tragedy:U【试题解析】由下文一

41.C Theyhelpform our senseof whowe are,they helpform ourrelations toothers theyevenhelp可知是重要的因此填determine..critical,C由上文一

42.B Theyhelpformoursenseofwhoweare,they helpformourrelations toothers空后可知43attenders abouttheir mentaland physicalhealth由下文知参加研究

43.D Thosewhoattendedit,ontheotherhand,reported a10percent45intheirhealth Kf改善了他们的健康，所以应该填预期的prospective根据题意为返回

44.B amonthafterthefestivalhad endedreturned根据上下文，和下文可知应该是提高

45.A Whyshouldbelongingtoa crowdimproveyourhealthimprovement由下文可知给人一种

46.C“You thinkintermsoFwerather thanTacrowdshared identityo和下文相呼应，竞争变成

47.B Membersofthe crowdsupportoneanother,competition becomescooperations了合作，这是一种改变即为altero由题意合作可知人不可能一个人

48.C cooperationsalone由上下文意思尽管互相支持即为合作如此明显

49.A evident由上文踩踏可知歹匕亡与

50.D36people diedinastampede atthetrainstationthereafterthefestival.合作支持形成对比反差故填harmonyo由本句与

51.C Theynolongersawthosearoundthemasfellows,but ratheras51for seatsonatrain,fellows形成对比，故填competitors C由上文对一个的采访，

52.D villagerPeople thinkthey aremore powerfulthan you,they canpush youaround,踩踏与对比分析所以结果很奇怪stampede pushyouaround由下文可知填关心，挂念

53.D People53you.They treatyou ina politemanner.^^are concernedabout由上下文可知踩踏事件在看来是群体的

54.B Incidentssuchasthestampedearerareatthefestival,avillager心理合作解体崩塌了，故填breaks down由下文及上文对

55.C Inother words,Love thyyour neighbor.One day,it couldeven saveyourlifb.powerof的描述可知应该填相信psychologicalcooperationfaithoSection BDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AThe2018Nobel Prize in Physiologyor Medicinehasbeenannounced bythe Nobel Committee inStockholm,Sweden.Secretary-General ofthe NobelCommittee ThomasPerlman madethe announcement.“The NobelAssembly atKarolinska Instituehas todaydecided toaward the2018Nobel Prize in PhysiologyorMedicinejointly toJames P.Alison andTasuku Honjofor theirdiscovery of cancer therapyby inhibitionof negativeimmune regulation,says ThomasPerlmann.NobelCommitteeMember KiasKar re,a professorof molecular immunology,summed upthe achievementsof thetwowinners witha metaphor.It isall aboutinterference withthe brakesof our immune systemasameans tounleash9this defense/James Allisonstudied aknown proteinthat functionsasa brake onthe immune system.He realizedthe potentialofreleasing thebrake andthereby unleashingour immune cells toattack tumors.He thendeveloped thisconcept intoabrand new approach forthreating patients.Meanwhile,Tasuku Honjodiscovered aprotein on immune cellsand aftercareful explorationof itsfunction,eventually revealedthatitalso operatesasabrake,but witha differentmechanism ofaction.Therapies basedon hisdiscoveryproved tobe strikinglyeffective incancer treatment.Millions ofpatients will benefit fromtheir discoveries.Allison was born inTexas in1948,and hasbeenaprofessor atthe UniversityofTexas MDAnderson CancerCenterHouston since

2012.Tasuku Honjowasbornin Kyoto,Japan in

1942.Since1984,he hasbeenaprofessor at Kyoto University.He wasaFaculty Deanfrom1996-2000and from2002-2004atKyotoUniversiThey willreceive theirprize fromthe handsoftheSwedish KingKarl XVIGustaf onDecember

10.This wasthe firstNobel Prize tobe announcedfor thisyear.Today,the Nobel PrizeinPhysics willbe announced,followed bytheChemistry prizewon onWednesday.This yearthere willbe noNobelPrizein Literature.The peaceprize willbeannounced inOslo onFriday andthe EconomicPrizeinmemory ofAlfred Nobelwillbeannounced on8thofOct.

56.Why didthe Nobelcommittee awardthe prizetothetwo professorsA.Because theyhave beenworking togetherat findingways of cancer treatment.B.Because theyfound similarapproaches totreat cancerin almostthe same time.C.Because theyfoundthesame cureof canceratthesametime.D.Because theirnew approachto cancertreatment hassaved millionsof people.？

57.What isthe meaningoftheunderlined word“unleash”A.damage B.block C.launch D.protect

58.What isthe principleofthe new cancertherapyA.A newprotein on ourimmunesystem hasbeen foundto havethe abilityto stopthe processofcancer.B.Some proteinsonourimmunecellsfunction asabrakeonimmunesystem,thus unleashingthe immunecells toattacktumors.C.Having certaintype ofproteins inour dietcan helpus strengthenthe immunesystem andfight againstcaner.D.It isthe negativeimmuneregulationthat helpcure cancer.

59.Which ofthefollowingistrueaccording tothe passageA.This wasthefirstNobelPrizeaboutthetreatment ofcancer.B.The effectofthenew cancertherapy remainstobeseen.C.All kinds ofcancerwillbetotally curedwith thisnewapproach.D.People sufferingfrom cancerwill greatlybenefit fromthenewapproach.【答案】56-59BCBD【重难点词汇和短语解析】把.•授予・・.

1.Award...to...-prep.♦共同地，连带地

2.Jointly-adv.压抑，抑制

3.Inhibition-n.免疫调控

4.Immune regulation-n.分子免疫学

5.molecularimmunology-n.隐喻，暗喻

6.Metaphor-n.发动，释放，解除束缚

7.Unleash-v.全新的

8.Brand new-adj,机制，原理，途径

9.Mechanism-n.显著地，引人注目地

10.Strikingly-adv.为了纪念…

11.In memoryof...-prep.原理，原则

12.Principle-n.【试题解析】题考查细节，答案从第三段的结尾处可以看到一位诺贝尔奖协会的成员说的话，56“It isall aboutinterference with从这句话中可以推断答案，接着四五段分别讲the brakesof ourimmunesystemasameans tounleash thisdefense.^^述了两位获得诺贝尔奖的科学家分别是如何在几乎同一时间发现相似的治疗癌症的方法的因此答案选Bo题考查细节和词意，首先在第三段的最后一句话中首次出现，紧接着第四段进一步介绍这种治疗癌57unleash症的方法，在第四段的第二行有同义词出现-因此锁定答案“release”,C.launcho题考查细节，题干中的对应原文中第五段的原理，机制另外，这些词在58principle mechanism-brake,unleash四五段中都有反复出现，因此答案锁定选项B题是一道推理概括题，首先排除选项，文中并没有提到这是第一个关于癌症治疗的诺贝奖；第五段的最59A,B后一句话提到本文所说的癌症治疗方法已经被证实有非常显著地效果，使上百万的癌症患者受益选项中C allkindsof太过绝对，文中并没有提及因此选cancer DBAmazonChartsThe TopFive MostSoldMost ReadBooks ofthe Week_______________________________________________________________________________No.1It-Now amajor filmBY STEPHENKINGStephen Kingsterrifying,classic#1New YorkTimes bestseller,alandmarkin AmericanliteratureChicagoSun-Times”-about sevenadultswhoreturn totheir hometownto fighta nightmarethey hadfirst beentroubled withasteenagers...an evilwithout a-name:it.Readers ofStephen Kingknow thatDerry,Maine,isaplace witha deep,dark holdontheauthor.It reappearsinmany ofhisbooks,including BagofBones,Hearts inAtlantis and11/22/

63.But itall startswith It._______________________________________________________________________________No.2AColumnofFire—#1NEW YORKTIMES BESTSELLERBY KENFOLLETTIn1558,the ancientstones ofKingsbridge Cathedrallooked downonacity splitby religiousconflict.As powerinEngland shifteddangerously betweenCatholics andProtestants,royalty andcommoners clashed,testing9/17。