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中考英语高频考点和易错点、、的用法such so
1、such的用法such作限定词和all,no,any,some,other,another等词连用时,such放后面如果such修饰单数可数名词,且与不定冠词连用时需置于其前;such前有no时不用冠词
2、so的用法在believe,think,expect,suppose等词后用so代替前文提出的观点,在肯定句中表示与上文相同的情况,如So doI.
1、重点介词短语定短语except for除了in placeof代替on behalfof代表but for要不是in frontof在…前面
2、易混淆的固定短语in all总共after all毕竟at all根本,常用在否定句中表强调above all最重要的是,尤其是agree to同意某项计划或安排agree with同意某人agree on达成协议、意见一致compare・・・with・••把•••与・••相比compare…to…把…比作…Life iscompared toa voyage.生命被比作一次航行be madefrom sth指“用某种原料制造出来”,这种原料经过制造,已经看不出原来的模样be madeof也表示“用某东西制造出来”,但不同的是,可以看出原料before long不久以后long before很久以前(多用于过去完成时)die of因…而死,表示内部原因如疾病die from因…而死,表示外部原因如交通事故be famousfor以…出名(某种技能、某部作品)be famousas以某种身份出名be famousto为某人所矢口The writeris famousto us.hear of间接的听说hear about听到…的详情hear from收到…的来信in theair在空中,悬而未决的(后者比较常用)in theopen air在户夕卜on theair在广播、正在播放keep doing sth.一直做某事,强调活动不间断的状态keep ondoingsth.一直做某事,强调克服困难持续坚持
三、虚拟语气
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟If+did/were+.・.,...would/should/could/might+do动词原形如If Iwere you,I wou1d goabroad atonce.I amnot you.If heknew itnow,he couldhelp me.He doesntknow itnow.
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟If+had done+...,・・・would mighthave done...如If I had knownyour telephone number yesterday,I wouldhave phonedyou.I didn,t knowyourtelephonenumber.If youhad comehere a little earlierjust now,you mighthave mether.You didntcomehere earlier.
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟1If+should+v.,...would+v.可能性很小译作“万一”如If itshould raintomorrow,you couldstay athome.If Ishould fail,what shouldIdo2If+did/were to+v...,would+v.完全不可能如If the sun wereto risein thewest,I wouldlend youthe money.If youfinished itin3minutes,I wouldgive youmy car.
4.特殊
①动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should+动词原形此类常见的动词有order,ask,decide,demand,require,recommend,suggest建议,insist坚决要求,advise,etc.如He suggestedthat weshould helpthem withEnglish.The teacherordered that the homeworkshould befinished withinhalf anhour.
②名词后的同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形should可省去的虚拟此类常见的名词有suggestion,order,request,demand,importance,proposal.如He madea suggestionthat weshould have a fancydress party.I thinkit isa thingof importancethat itshould bedone soon.3It is/was important/necessary/natural/essential/advisable/strange/surprising,ect.+that+主语+should+v.如It isstrange that you shouldsay sucha thing.It wasimportant that you shouldtell meall theinformation.
④wish后的宾语从句中,as if后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式主+wish+that+主+did/were指现在had done指过去would+v.指将来如I wishthat Imet myuncle now.I wishI hadmet myuncle yesterday.I wishI couldmeet myuncle tomorrow.
⑤It ishigh time that.・・+did/were...如It istimethatyou wentto bed.
⑥would rather that...+did/were...如I wouldratherthatyou were not herenow.
⑦would soonerthat...+did/were...如I wou1d soonerthatyougot upearlier.I wou1d soonerthatyouwerenotmy brother.
四、易错时态
1、一般现在时表将来的2种情况
①拟定或安排好的事情、一定要发生的动作如The trainarrives at
10.
②在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中一般现在时表将来
2、过去即将要发生的动作was/were aboutto dosth.
3、句子中出现过去时,才会使用过去;完成时表过去的过去一直延续到过去的动作如I wastired.Ihadbeen workingsincedawn.
五、单数变复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如book-books,
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加一es,如bus-buses,fox-foxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如knife-knives,leaf-leaves
5.以结尾有生命的+es,无生命的+s,元音oo结尾+s,如photo-photos,potato-potatoes,kangaroo-kangaroos
6.单复数形式相同的有Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep
7.不规则名词复数man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-polieewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,people(人们)注意当people表示民族,复数+s如There are56peoples inChina.中国有56个民族
8.表示某国人的单词变复数时,中日不变英法变,其余s加后面Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,German-Germans
9.不规则变化mouse-mice,foot-feet,child-children,tooth-teeth,man-men,woman-women,ox-oxen,grown-up-grown-ups,passer by-passers by,brother inlaw-brothers inlaw,注意当man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数,如two womendoctors,manymen leaderso
10.特殊情况
①只有复数,没有单数形式如trousers裤子,clothes衣服,shorts短裤,goods商品,glasses眼镜,people人们等
②集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在其前加the表示全体,如the police,the English,the people,动词也用复数形式,但family,class,team,group等集合名词,若指整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化注意many,few,a few,eachevery,a(large/great)number of,a great/good many等修饰可数名词little、a alargeamount of等只修饰不可数名词some,several,any,enough,most,a lotof/lots of,plenty of,a large/small quantityof等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词
③同一词在不同意义下有可能可数有可能不可数不可数名词一般只有单数形式,前面不能直接加冠词,但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词,如haveagood time,a heavyrain,a strongwind等不可数名词可以用much,little,alittle,a greatdeal of,a large/small amount等来修饰,当这些做主语时,主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数
④复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数如news(消息),math有数学),physics(物理)No newsis goodnewso
六、名词的所有格
1.名词所有格一般都是在结尾加,s,如Kate,s,但以s结尾的复数,只加,如Teachers Day;of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系,如the problemof theAmericanso
2.当某物为两人共有时,名词所有格为A+B s而当某物为各人所有时为A s+B s
3.双重属格则指of属格+名词所有格/名词性物主代词,如a cousinof myfathers,a friendofmine
七、冠词冠词包括不定冠词(Indefinite Article)、定冠词(Definite Article)、否定冠词(NegativeArticle)、部分冠词(Partitive Article)和零冠词(Zero Article,即不用冠词)
1.不定冠词(a+辅音音素/an十元音音素)易错说明_hour,honest,honor,uniform,European等词是元音字母开头,但是第一个发音的音素是辅音,所以前面用a
2.定冠词(the表特定)
①表示某个或某些特定的人或物如Tom isthe moniterof ourclass.汤姆是我们班的班长(不是别的班的)
②特指双方都明白的人或物如I amcold,would youplease closethe door.我很冷,请把门关了(双方都知道是哪个门)
③世界上独一无二的事物如The skyis blue.天空是蓝色的The earthgoes aroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转
④上文提到过的人或事如He hasa penand thepen isgiven byhis sisiter.他有一支钢笔,这支钢笔是他妹妹给的
⑤用在序数词和最高级前面第一the first>第二the second>第三the third如He isthe tallestin ourclass.他是我们班最高的
⑦用在姓氏的复数名词前如The Greensare watchingTV.格林一家在看电视
⑧用在习惯用语中在白天in theday(在晚上at night)在早上/下午/晚上in themorning/afternoon/evening
⑨形容词前表示一类人或物或抽象概念the poor穷人,the rich富人,the old老人
3.零冠词用法
①国名、人名前通常不用定冠词England,Mary
②泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词如They areteachers.他们是教师
③抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词如Failure isthe motherof success.失败乃成功之母
④物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词如Man cannotlivewithout water.人离开水就无法生存
⑤在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词如We go to schoolfromMonday toFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课
⑥在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词如The guardstook theAmerican toGeneral Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里
⑦在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如have breakfast,play chess
⑧当两个或两个以上名词并用时丁常省去冠词如I cantwrite withoutpen orpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字
⑨当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词如by bus,by train;⑩有些个体名词不用冠词school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义如go tohospital去医院看病gotothe hospital去医院并不是去看病,而是有其他目的不用冠词的序数词⑪a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词如He camefirst inthe race.c.在固定词组中atthefirst,first ofall;from firstto last。
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