2023年英语四级听力必备短语词汇大全学习啊

学英语简朴吗？肯定会有许多学生说“难死了”为何有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一种“不得法”英语与汉语同样都是一种语言,为何你说汉语会如此流利？那是由于你置身于种汉语环境中，假如你在伦敦呆上六个月，保准说起英语来会非常流利但诸多中学生没有很好的I英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一种英语环境,坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很杰出

一、多“说”自己多发明机会与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一种英汉互译小词典,碰到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记,用时多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住千万别把学英语当成承担,一直把它当成一件有趣的事情去做或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年龄,婚史等私人问题尽量用某些你学过时词汇,句子去和他谈天说地很快你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语轻易时多由于他和你交谈时会用许多简朴词汇,并且不太看重说法,你只要发音精确,准能顺利地交流下去只是你必须要有信心，勇于体现自己的思想假如没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其他什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高

一、常用新闻听力词汇negotiations,delegate,delegation,summit峰会,declaration sponsor,resolvetheir differences消除分歧，promote peace增进和平，boost economicco-op加强经济合作make concession/compromise作出妥协，pass aresolution通过决策，veto abill否决策案，break thedeadlock打破僵局a scientificbreakthrough科学突破，an unexpectedoutcome出乎意料欧J成果sign/ratify anaccord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement签订协议diplomatically isolatedcountry在外交上被孤立的|国家,diplomaticsolutions外交处理方案,military option军事处理途径（动用武力），escalating tension逐渐升级的局势，military coupe军事政变，forced fromoffice被赶下台，step down/aside下台on thebrink ofwar处在战争边缘，hot spot热点，take hostilitiestoward..对..采用敌对态度,sporadic fighting断断续续的J战斗rebels,wounded,killed,injury,death,casualties伤亡heavy fighting激战,genocide种族灭绝,relief effort救济工作,humanitarian aid人道主义援助ethnic cleansing种族排斥，broker/mediate aceasef ire/truce促成停火，refugee,illegal alliens非法移民，mediator调解员，end thebloodshed结束流血事件，special envoy特使peace-keeping forces维和部队，national convention国民大会guerrilla war游击战争，border dispute边境争端，armed conflict武装冲突，reconciliation调解fight corruption反腐败,corrupted election腐败日勺选举peace process和平进程，give aboost to...增进，booming economy增进经济发展civil war内战，mutual benefits/interests XXMcruisemissile巡航导弹,come toa conclusion至I」达——致coalition forces联合军队,interim/transitional govt过渡政府，sluggish economy萧条日勺经济on highalert处在高级戒备状态，rebellion叛乱,rebel forces叛军Defense Minister,evacuate,flee fromPentagon五角大楼,impose/break adeadline规定/打破最终期限,retaliate报复banking reform金融改革，commissioner代表go bankrupt破产，file forbankrupcy提出破产，deputy代表sensitive,hostage,kidnapped Frenchnationals被绑架的法国人，rescue,releaseinvade,US-led invasion美国领导欧J入侵，right-wing extremists右翼极端分子，external forces外部力量warring factions交战各方，topple thegovernment推翻政府speculate,disarmament agreement裁军协议，mandate,to lifta boycott取消禁令withdraw,embargo,impose sanctionsagainst...实彳亍制裁dismantle车肖毁，the implementationof anaccord技l彳亍决策germ warfare介子战争，to easethe banon ivorytrade缓和对象牙贸易的禁to harborsb.保护,animal conservation动物保护，threatened/endangeredspecies濒危物种illegal poaching非法捕猎，face extinction濒临灭亡stagnant/recession萧条，financial crisis金融危机,deflation通货紧缩，inflation通货膨胀,retail prices零售价格,whole saleprices批发价格suicide bombing自杀性袭击事件，dispute,crisis,coflict,holy war圣战administration,regime,claim responsibilityfor...声称负责suspend停止，resume继续,Gallup/opinion/exit poll,survey民意调查provocation挑衅，rul.ou.th.possibilit.of...,排除也许性stand trial受审,put....on trial审芈某人,sue,file suitagainst・・》犬告♦radioactive放射性，radiation辐射，uranium enrichmentprogram铀浓缩计划nuke nonproliferation核部扩散suspect,arrest,detain,in custody被囚禁，on humanrights abusecharges反人权罪名HIV positiveHIV malaria,diabetes,hypertension,lung cancer,breastcancerfight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus,stop thespread of...crack downon..•严打，illegal drugtrafficking毒品贩运，piracy,piratedproducts盗版产品，fake goods假货notorious臭名昭著，bloody tyrant血腥独裁者，execute/execution处决,death penalty死刑,seminar,forum,peace coference,national convention,his counterpart同等级别口勺人，my predecessor/successor我的1前任/后任，coalition party联合政党post-war reconstruction战后重建，pre-war intellegience战前情报,radar,espionage谍报,spying activity间谍行为,electronic warfare电子战争，chemical/biological/nuclear warfare化学/生物/核战争语言教室四级系列•BREAK*（内部资料■四级听力）*四级高频词汇，词组

（1）学生与学生关系Classmate,Building,Floor,Multi-media classroom,Having class,Have abreak/rest,Afterschool,Refectory/dining hall,Stand inline/queue,cafeteria（餐厅），do laundry,Studentsunion,Student centre,cheer lady,parade,mobil phone,cell phone,computer,desk top,laptop,Mp3宿舍与学生关系Dormitory,Dorm,Apartment,Roommate,Basement,Washer,Dryer,Shower,faucet,toilet,vaccum cleaner,bed sheet,pillow,quilt.考试Midterm,finals,count for50%of yourscore,exam.选课与课堂Professor,course,required/compulsory（必修）,elective/selective/optional（选修）,seminar（研讨）,elementary（初级H勺），intermediate（中级的I）,advanced（高级区J）,excellent reputation,drop acourse（退课）,skip class（逃课）,attendance（出勤）,fill sbin（替代某人）,clarify themisunderstanding.作业与论文Such aheavy load,paper extendedto thenext week,wait tillthe lastminute,miss aprettyimportant class,check thenotes,explore thetopic,published resources,reference,plagiarism（抄袭），get anearly start.图书管理员与学生关系Magazine,periodical,journal,reference book,bibliography（文献学）,stacks（一大堆）,author,writer,catalogue,renew,make thephotocopy,return thebooks.营业员与顾客日勺关系On sale,elevator,bargain,prices aresoaring,jeans,tip,coffee pot,freezer（冰箱）,leather,plastic,pullovers（套衫），cashier,check-in,check-out,stand,pie,pizza,salad,hamburger,sandwich,French fries,soup,ice-cream,dessert,soft drink,beer,ribs,mutton,chef,waiter,waitress,menu,preserve,book,order,steaks,raw,medium,well-done,poultry,soy sauce（酱油）,vinegar,appetizer,cocktail,treat sb,specia.dish（特色菜）.g.Dutch（AA制）.pape.napkin.Restaurant医生与病人Lose weight,gain weight,worried about,come downwith illness,Flu（流感）,fever,bloodpressure,patient,clinic,health centre,diagnose,take temperature,prescription,ward,injection,take thepill/tablet/drug（吃药）,headache,stomachache（肚子痛）,dentist（牙科医生）.修理工与顾客Repairman,customer,plumber,carpenter,electrician,check theoil,gasoline,meter（速度表,水表等）/pump,tire,flat tire,brake down.娱乐Go ona picnic,hiking trip,camping trip,go toa concert,see amovie,play theball,I amcountingthe days,take abreak,relax,a night-out,take yourmind offyour test..天气Nice weather,clear up,cold enoughfor skating,snow toomuch tofly.兼职Teaching assistant,research assistant,lab assistant,administrative assistant,nanny（保姆）,babysitter,dishwashing,food delivery,applicant（申请人）,reference letter（推荐信）/salary,wage,demand physicalendurance,pre-career training,permanent employment,part-time job.居住Apartment,basement,flat,deposit,live in/o仔campus,sublet（转租）,temporary,accommodation（临时住处）,landlord（房东）,land lady,messy,a leakyfaucet,tenant,afford,spacious（宽阔的I）.宾馆Front desk,receptionist,double room,single room,room number,luggage.机场Board,gate,terminal（航空站）,announcement,duty,duty free,customs（海关）,immigration o仔ice,luggage,suitcase,visa（签证）/passport（护口只）,passenger,pilot,air hostess.数量概念Spend,cost,pay,miss（错过），price,rent,deposit（存储）,saving,loan（贷款）,charge（收费），at aprice/rate of.・.（以…的I价格）,last（持续）,dozen（一打），a coupeof,a pairof,around,approximately（大概）,roughly,more or less,nearly,almost,over,morethan,above.加减关系More,less,late,early,fast,slow,before,afterDelay,prolong（延长）,postpone（推迟,延期）,behind schedule（晚于预期的I时间）,save,increase,decrease,left（剩余於I）,the rest（其他日勺,剩余日勺）乘除关系Multiply（乘）,divide（除）/times（倍），twice,percentage（比例）,half of,double,a quarterof（四分之一）,triple（三倍）,twice/two timesas…as the…of（是…日勺两倍）.分数、小数、百分数日勺表达措施寻找一切可以听英语的I机会他人用英语交谈时,你应当大胆地去参与，多听听多种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应当接触到,假如这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你协助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语气的学习有很大的协助

三、多“读”“读”可以分为两种一种是“默读”每天予以一定期间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的书本,但最佳是某些有趣的小读物，由于目前的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度每道题时得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，因此通过高中三年阅读的训练后,你必然会在高考中胜券在握另一种是“朗诵”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径

四、多“写”有的同学总是埋怨时间紧,主线没时间写作文其实“写”的形式诸多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力例如写下你一天中发生的某些重要的事情,或当日学了某一种词组,你可以创设一种语境恰如其份地用上这个词这样即可帮你记住这个词的使用方法,又可以锻炼你的写作能力,例如学一词时,可写一小段如下“wish”Th.teache.ofte.ask.u.wha.w.wan.t.b.i.th.future.M.goo.frien.To.wishe.t.b..soldier.HoweverJv.differen...wis..wer..teache.i.th.future.Bu.m.mothe.wishe.m.t.b..doctor.只几句话:但的几种使用方法已跃然纸上,这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死wish记硬背的使用方法也有趣轻松的多wish1/3one third11/2one anda half1/4one fourth

4.862four pointeight sixtwo75%seventy-five percent

0.5%point five

79.03%seventy-nine pointzero threepercent多位数体现法9,743nine thousand,seven hundredand forty-three.19,857,242nineteen million,eight hundredand fifty-seven thousandtwo hundredandforty-two.时亥IJ日勺读法5:15a quarterpast/after five或five fifteen2:45a quarterto three或two forty-five7:30half pastseven或seven thirty9:10ten pastnine或nine ten14:00two pm00:25twenty-five past/after midnight24:00midnight/twenty-four日期的读法1998年5月7日may seventhnineteen ninety-eight1990年nineteen ninety2005年two thousandand five前天the daybefore yesterday后天the dayafter tomorrow每隔一天every otherday或every twodays前几天theotherday或a fewdays ago每隔一星期every twoweeks或every otherweek饭店Book,reserve,waiter,waitress,a tablefor two,menu,take theorder,drink,soft drink,beverage,whisky,wine,champagne（香旅酒）,starter,main course（主菜）,dessert,soup,coffee,steak,beef,pay abill,go Dutch,cafeteria,buffet,pizza,apple pie,tip（小费），chef（厨师）,salt,pepper,mushroom,taste,serve,napkin,snack,worth themoney.宾馆Check in（登t己入住），check out,room,room service,double room,single room,suite（套「可）,book,make a reservation,reception frontdesk,restaurant,porter（机场或宾馆的搬运工）,laundry（干洗店），registration,housekeeper.邮局Stamp.regula.mail.registere.mail.expres.mail.ai.mail.parcel.postage.postcard.posta.code.letter.firs.class.economi.class.ove.weight.telegram.医院Doctor,patient,operation,diagnose,diagnosis,medicine,fever,cough,sneeze,take onestemperature,pill,tablet,symptom,prescription,injection（挂点滴）,X-ray examination,surgery,surgeon（夕卜科医生）,physician（内科医生），emergency room,a sorethroat,high bloodpressure,heart disease,appointment,physical exam,painkiller（止痛片）depressive,blue mood,down.学校Campus,course,academic,assignment,homework,exam,grade,credits,failure,pass,Bachelors degree（学士学位），MA,phD,dormitory,require/compulsory course,elective/optional course,diploma（毕业证书）,certificate,blackboard,whiteboard（白板）,classroom,professor,teacher,student,term,semester（学期）,an academicyear（学年）,department,faculty（全体教职工工）,dean（院长）,major,minor,tuition,curriculum（课程设置）first year,second year,fresh man,sophomore,junior,senior,undergraduatestudent,graduate student,term paper,scholarship.图书馆Catalogue,due,overdue,renew（续借），fine（罚款）,fiction（小说）Journal（期刊,报刊）,periodical（周期的I,定期日勺，杂志）,circulation desk,reference book,library card,publication,book shelf.银行Cash,balance,open anaccount,withdraw,deposit,cheque,foreign currency,exchange rate,save,savings,loan,interest rate,service charge,bank clerk.商店A specialsale,on sale,groceries,food,fruits,vegetables,milk,bread,drinks,bargain,brand,fashion,cash,cashier5s desk,counter,check,expensive,cheap,changes,discount,medium size,tight,loose,out ofstock,receipt（U攵据）,invoice（发票）.书店Book,bestseller,map,page,price of a book,stationary.选课场景drop class,class meets,take acourse,choose course,high requirement,optional course,hard to follow听课场景Late forclass,miss/attend thelecture,presentation,briefing,assignments,interesting,boring,topic,copy作业场景collect data,report,deadline,draw near,ask forextension,finish,due,submit,projectproposal,search,research考试场景Pass,credits,exams,fail,congratulations,cheer up买书、读书、借书场景out ofprint,read selectively,novel hardtofollow,reference books,check out,return abook,lend textbooks谈论学习场景partner,project,apply theoryto program,article,earn alot fromclass,make alot ofsenses,present购物场景Reasonable price,discount,expensive,a goodbuy,a realbargain外出就餐场景waiter,waitress,menu,serve,order,reserve a table,dining hall,make areservation,a tableforfour,dine out平常生活场景apartment,sink,leaking,fix,maintenance,failure ofelectric heater,lock oneskeys,install,shower,shelf,furniture组织和参与活动场景School radiostation,poster,competition,club member,seminar,win,run forchairman,dance看戏、看电影、听音乐会场景Concert,ticket,art gallery,play,show,no ticketleft旅行场景Trip.flight.switc..se.sb.off.departur.time.fly.gate.safety.pos.fo..picture.ru.ou.o.film.visit.seaside.cance.th.plan.change谈同事、谈工作欧I场景Late forjob,employee,employer,boss,manager,client,have ameeting,boring,unfit forajob,complain aboutones job求职场景Interview,nervous,application letter,company,job opportunity,give agoodimpression,take anew job,feel confident,confirm anappointment,dress up社会交际场景Call in,drop by,invite,party,gift,birthday,dinner,meet sb.,phone afriend.有关保持健康Exercise,lose weight,doctor,quit/give upsmoking,check up,appointment租房和搬家场景Two-bedroom apartment,furniture,furnished,rent ahouse,available,noise有关汽车emergency brake,fix,paint,park,parking lot,roll,run,used有关教育Term paper,assignment,computer games,review oneslessons级听力高频词组U!A whileback AfterallAnything butAs faras IknowAt anytime Atsbs serviceBackup Beabout toBeenthusiastic aboutBe myselfBesick/tired ofBeup/stay upBetweenyou andmeBoil downtoBrush uponBump intoByall meansCallforCant help/cannot helpCareforCarry outClearupCome downwith diseaseComearound/come roundCountinCome up withWhat doesthe man/woman implyWhatdid conversationmost probablytake placeMakeareservationfor Makeends meetMakeup Makeup onesmindOne ina millionOut ofbusinessOut ofthe questionResult inRoundthe clockRun/have/get atemperatureRun out of RushhourTake iteasy Theother dayTurndown TurnoutYou aretelling meYou betCanI takeyour orderHow areyou doingHowsyour examgoing Oh,just soso.Drop in/by/on EndupEnjoy oneself（玩日勺快乐）dropout（辍学）Do sba favor（帮忙）Come across（偶遇）语言教室四级系列•BREAK*（内部资料■四级听力）*四级高频词汇、词组

（2）需掌握指数:★★★★★Around thecorner//Christmas isaround thecorneroSpeeding//The taxidriver musthave beenspeedingoAchieve//Achieve happiness/achieve successoHaveno idea〃Ive noidea wherethe ideascome fromComeup with//How didyou comeup withthe namesof yourcharacters0Impact//Have adirect impacton yourbodyElementary andmiddle schoolstudentoRate//Rate thestudents intodifferent levelsRecall//Renew//Recall oldthings/old material;renew thecontract.Take intoconsideration//They didnttake weatherinto considerationoTurnupside downDistractedby noiseoCrashedinto atreeReluctant//willing//He wasreluctantly to do thatoTakeplace//Great changeshave beentook placeoBan//The lawsban thedriver fromusing cellphoneoAudience//In frontof largeaudienceoTransmit//Transmit knowledgefrom onegeneration toanother0Restriction//Strict restriction0Catch coldoColdvirus/computer virusoRemedyfor coldSymptomof coldoTakingmedicineoRunning temperatureoException//English isno exception/there isno exceptionoReferencebook/reference letterB.boun.t.d.sL/.Ther.ar.boun.Lb.som.word.an.phrase.tha.belon.i.th.forma.languag.an.other.informaL.th.weathe.i.boun.t.ge.bette.tomorrowoResume//We receiveyour resumelast week.Financial//Stock//Bond//Were asmall financialcompany,trading mostlystocks andbondsoPutup with//might as well//If youcan putupwiththe noiseyou mightaswelllive here.In chargeof//In chargeofateam ofeight brokersClient//We buyand sellstocks in the stockmarket formajor clientsworldwide.0Candidate//You arecandidate forthis position/president candidateoHumanresource/Personnel Department/RD DepartmentoPhilosophy//psychology//1want to do philosophyrather thanpsychology0Talk sb out ofdoing sth//Persuade//My fathertalked meout ofchoosing BusinessManagementoProspect//my jobprospects wouldhave beenpretty limitedoResist//But Greekchurch resiststhis practiceoSupport//My fathersupport carryingout thepolicyoLook upto//admire/John admireshis sisteroSchedule//time schedule//bus schedule//plane scheduleoAdjust//Adjusting tocountryside lifeIndustry//food industry//tourism industry//entertainment industryoHowis theproject going学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟时散步可以练“说“，吃o完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语,可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出某些时间来练英语,你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的背英语单词技巧.循环记忆法1艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线人的大脑是一种记忆的宝库,人脑经历过的事物,思索过的问题,体验过的情感和情绪,练习过时动作,都可以成为人们记忆的内容例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子,甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完毕的从“记“到“忆“是有个过程时,这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆有诸多人在学习英语的过程中，只重视了学习当时的记忆效果,孰不知,要想做好学习的记忆工作,是要下一番工夫时,单纯的重视当时的记忆效果,而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的在信息的处理上,记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程,从信息处理的角度上,英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一种输入编码的过程人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人时,它可以存贮比特（字节）的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘1015byte,欧只占尚有更多的记忆发挥空间这是由于,有人只关注了记忆时当时效果，I10%,却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的有关记忆遗忘的规律

一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释Come along//Everything iscoming alongreally welLCompetition//competitor//competing withResultin//These investmentwill resultin greatlossesoDegree certificate//teacher certificate//birth certificateoPhysically,mentally andemotionally shocked.Surgery//operationoEmergency roomAmbulanceoHighblood pressureoHeartattack//heart diseaseoCancer.Stomach bleeding//OrgansBed reactionoInjuryoOnlychildFamily planningpolicyoSpoiledoSelf-centerShift from...to...//When myinterest shiftedfrom spaceto thesea,I neverexpected itwouldcause suchconfusion.oUnderwater exploration//space explorationoSurvivingskillsoCold-blood creature//warm-blood creatureoSpecies//bird speciesoHatetodo sth//1hate totell youthis,but Icant seemto findthemOut ofthe way//dont youthink thatcinema isa littleout ofthe way.G.ahea./.g.righ.ahead./.ca..borro.you.bike.G.ahead!Go through//you mightgo throughtheir indexesto seewhat youwanted0Press conferenceoTakepart in//participate//take partinthecontestoEngagement//marriage propose//wedding ceremony//diamond ringBride//bridegroomoMaintain//maintain agiven bodyweightoDrop aclass//drop out of school//quit school//Fm goingto dropmy InformationScienceclassoDrop by//stop by//Ill dropby onSundayo〃Go overIve gotto goover mynotes fortomorrow midtermoMoreor less//the scoresare moreorlessthe sameFlat=apartment//Im ringingabout theflatoDive into//he divedinto theriver tosave theboyRescue//Michel hasrescued morethat twentypeople inthis riveroAlcohol abuse//brain cell//cell phone0Alcoholabusekills braincelloInvestigate//we haveinvestigate arange ofdifferent modelsto seewhich isthe bestoBefamiliar with//people whoare familiarwith differentcamerasoAssess//evaluate//valuation//assesses theimpact oftyphoonoRun into//1ran intoone ofmy oldfriend onthe streetoToo...to...//too busyto callyouSuffer from//suffering fromhigh bloodpressureoDistance learningcourseoMake sense//what yousay makeno senseo.Be curiousabout//be curioustodo sth〃Im curiousto knowwhat shesaidoIndispensable//their servicewere indispensableto thenation.Film//can youtake apicture ofme Imafraid Iverun out ofthefilmLonL/.th.foo.i.thi.restauran.i.horrible.LonLwe,.gon.t.th.schoo.dinmn.hall oGivesb hand=do sba favor//can yougive mea hand,MikeAdequate//inadequate//pritective servicesare inadequateoBreakinto//A chiefhas brokeninto thehouseoOversea student//international studentoComplicated//simple//Jackson wastoo complicatedto understandoPeacefullife//stressful joboComplainabout//complain that//Susan alwayscomplains theseand thatoTendto——//——Isolate oneselffrom sthThenon-readers tendto isolatethemselves fromthe community.Attempt todo sth//Editors andpublishers areattempting towin oldreader.Help do sth//this willhelp overcomethe timeproblem.Represent//each treering representsa yearof growth.Be underthe impressionof/that—A:I heardthere areseats leftthe showtonight.B.really..wa.unde.th.impressio.tha.th.ticket,wer.sol.ou..Ion.tim.age..Lose onestemper//1gradually lostmy temper.Shocked//She wasshocked theair crash.Once ina while//such thoughtsmay havecrossed yourmind onceinawhile.Regardleso./.regardles.o.you.height.ag.aii.distaiice.Change//hi,Jane,do youhave somechange Ihave tomake acall onthe payphone.Stimulating//teaching isstimulating job.Wear sth/sbout//they wereworn outafter along day.Run out of/would do/not particularly/a coupleof/pick up/get over/on time/take off/in spiteof/bearound/family name,second name,surname,first name,given name,nickname/date ofbirth/call onsb./ture forsb/read through/flat type/tired of/sick of/book up/atablefor/accompanied by/out ofprint,out ofwork,out ofbreath,outoffashion,outofsight,outofstock,outofdate/office hours/feel likedoing sth./look forwardto/one-way street/worn out/confirm onesappointment.听力高频重点词:Expect/retire-retirement/educate-education/arrange-arrangement/participatein-participant/experience/apply-application/invite-invitation/resource-resoureefu1/afford/be boundto/mean todo/indicate/maintain-maintenance/interrupt/interfere/Out of.../crime-criminal/exhaustedOver-:overwork/oversleep/overcharge/overdraw/overtake/overcome/overhear/overlookMake:l.make sbdosth/make sbsth.

2.make it.

9.无论是国王还是农夫只要能在自9己家里找到安宁，他就是最幸福的人■■分钱一分货，稀饭吃了不经饿■水壶啊,你为何哭泣是由于屁股太烫了吗■假如命运抓住T你的喉咙你就挠命运唱胳肢窝9■拦着成长的不是幼稚而是自认为成熟9假如命运折断了你的腿他会教你怎样跛■

9.你我也不・左脑全是水，右脑全是面粉,不动便罢了，一动全是浆进土花钱就里・挣钱就像用针掘地，像水渗・我也有要去的地方只是我要去的地方，没道路通向那里•你挥霍的粮食都会堵在你去往天堂的路上・生活是丰富多彩的，但我也有自己的颜色・假如有一天我失踪了，只有两种也许身体在旅行，或者灵魂在旅行•人格与^号一同为亮F•你的丑和你的脸没有关系•我历来没有欺骗过你，由于我历来没有欺骗你的必要我可以选择放弃，但我不能放弃选择••天没降大任于我，照样苦我心志劳我筋骨，•也许似乎大概是，然而未必不见得•再过--百年，就长成了参天大葱・幸福就是当你照镜子的时候,喜欢你看到的那个人德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909,他在年刊登了他的试验汇报后,记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一,1885而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人根据我们所懂得时,记忆的保持在时间上是不一样的有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种I,而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的:输入的信息在通过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,不过假如不通过及时时复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而通过了及时时复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间那么，对于我们来讲,怎样才叫做遗忘呢,所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过时东西不能再认起来,也不能回忆起来,或者是错误时再认和错误时回忆,这些都是遗忘艾宾浩斯在做这个试验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象时,他得出了某些有关I记忆的结论他选用了某些主线没故意义的音节,也就是那些不能拼出单词来时众多字母的组合,例如等等他通过对自己的测试,得到了某些asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc数据然后,艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线,这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表达学习中记住的知识数量,横轴表达时间天数，曲线表达记忆量变化的规律这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律时,遗忘的进程不是均衡%不是固定时一天I,丢掉几种,转天又丢几种而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快,后来就逐渐减慢了，0U到了相称长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘及发I展规律，即“先快后慢”的原则观测这条遗忘曲线，你会发现，学得的知识在一天后,如不抓紧复习，就只剩余本来的伴随时间的推移，遗忘时速度减慢,遗忘的25%o数量也就减少有人做过一种试验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后很快进行；一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持乙组保持一周后甲组保持98%,56%83%,乙组保持乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高33%

二、不一样性质材料有不一样的遗忘曲线并且,艾宾浩斯还在有关记忆的试验中发现,记住个无意义音节,平均需要反复次；为了记住个无意义章节，需反复

1216.53654次；而记忆六首诗中的个音节,平均只需要反复次！这个试验告诉我们,但凡理4808解了的知识,就能记得迅速、全面而牢固否则，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的因此，比较轻易记忆时是那些故意义的材料,而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气,在后来回忆起来的时候也很不轻松因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是有关遗忘的一种曲线,并且是对无意义的音节而言,对于与其他材料的对比,艾宾浩斯又得出了不一样性质材料的不一样遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致时因此,艾宾浩斯的试验向我们充足证明了一种道理,学习要勤于复习，并且记忆的理解效果越好,遗忘的也越慢