《计算机专业英语（第3版）》 教案 张强华 u6 Networking Devices---u12 AI

《计算机专业英语（第版）》3电子教案任课部门_____________任课教师_____________教学班级_____________access network resources.Understanding theOSI modelis importantfor networkdesign andtroubleshooting,as itprovides a framework forunderstanding howdata flowson a network andhowdifferent layersof the network stackinteract.binary adj.:relating toor using a systemof numericalnotation thathas2as itsbase e.g.重点单词Text BComputersuse binarycode torepresent data.讲解certification n.:the processof confirmingor verifyingthat somethingmeets certainstandards orrequirementse.g.I receiveda certificationfor completingthe course.compression n.:the actor processof reducingthe sizeof afile ordata tosave storagespacee.g.We usecompression algorithmsto reducethe filesize.emulation n.:the actof imitatingor replicatingthe behavioror characteristics of anothersystemor devicee.g.The softwareallows emulationof oldvideo games.encryption n.:the processof convertinginformation into a secretcode to prevent unauthorizedaccesse.g.The data is encryptedto protect it fromhackers.mainframe n.:a largeand powerfulcomputer that is usedby manyusers simultaneouslye.g.The mainframehandles all the companysdata processing.server n.:a computer or systemthat providesresources orservices toother computers in anetworke.g.The serverstores allthe filesfor thecompanys website.session n.:a periodof timeduring whicha useris loggedin orengaged in a particularactivity ona computer or networke.g.I hada productivecoding sessiontoday.stack n.:a datastructure thatstores andorganizes datain a specific waye.g.The stackallows forefficient dataretrieval.重点词组Text Bdata link:a connectionbetween twonodes or devices that allows for the transmissionofdata讲解e.g.The data link between the serverand theprinter isnot workingproperly.data stream:a continuousflow of data from one pointto anothere.g.The videois beingstreamed overa datastream fromthe serverto the users device.error checking:the processof detectingand correctingerrors indata transmissionor storagee.g.The errorchecking algorithmensures theintegrity of the databeing transmitted.raw data:data thathas notbeen processedor analyzede.g.The scientistcollected rawdata fromthe experimentfor furtheranalysis.ASCII AmericanStandard Codefor InformationInterchange:a characterencoding standardthat重点缩写Text Brepresentstext in computers andcommunication systemse.g.ASCII uses7-bit binarynumbers to讲解represent characters.SNA SystemsNetwork Architecture:a networkingarchitecture developedby IBMformainframe computersystemse.g.SNA providesaframeworkfor communication and dataexchange betweenmainframecomputers.TCP TransferControl Protocol:a coreprotocol of the internetprotocol suitethat providesreliable,ordered,and error-checked deliveryof datae.g.TCP ensuresthat datasent overthe internetis receivedaccurately andin thecorrect order.Text B课文讲解及详见PPT翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training教学内容Unit8课文概述Text ANetwork security refers to themeasures takentopreventunauthorized access,misuse,modification,or denialof a computer network and itsresources.It involvesthe authorizationofaccess todata,theuseof authenticationinformation such as usernamesand passwords,and theprotectionof networksused invarious settings.Networksecurityincludes bothpublic andprivatenetworks andis importantfor businesses,government agencies,and individuals.Authentication isthefirst stepin network security and can involveone-factor,two-factor,or three-factorauthentication.Firewalls enforceaccess policies,but maynot detectharmful content.Antivirussoftware andintrusion preventionsystems helpdetect and prevent malware.Anomaly-basedintrusion detectionsystems monitornetwork trafficfor potentialthreats.Encryption isused tomaintainprivacy incommunication betweenhosts.Honeypots andhoneynets aredeployed tostudyattackers methodsand increasenetwork security.Physical networksecurity involvesprotectinghardware fromtheft orintrusion.Password protectionis crucialand involvessettingstrong passwords,changing defaultpasswords,and limitingpassword sharing.Spyware caninfectcomputers andnetworks,monitoring usageor stealingpersonal data.Anti-spyware softwareisrecommended.Online privacy is important,and techniqueslike anonymousweb proxy servers canhelpprotectitto someextent.However,complete onlineprivacyiscurrently difficultto achieve.attacker n.:a person or entitythat carriesout anattack ortries togain unauthorizedaccess e.g.重点单词Text AThecompanys networkwas breachedby askilled attacker.讲解authenticate v.:to confirmor establishthe identityor validityof somethingor someonee.g.Youneed to authenticate youraccount witha password.broadband n.:high-speed internetaccess that allows forfast datatransmissione.g.I upgradedto broadbandto streammovies withoutbuffering.data n.:information in the formof facts,statistics,or recordse.g.The datashows adecrease insales thisquarter.device n.:a machineor toolthat isdesigned fora particularpurposee.g.My phoneis amultifunctional device.honeynet n.:a network of computersthatisintentionally madevulnerable togather informationaboutattackerse.g.The honeynethelped usidentify andtrack thehackers.identity n.:the distinguishingcharacteristics orqualities thatmake apersonorthing uniquee.g.Your identityis protectedby ausername andpassword.malware n.:malicious softwaredesigned toharm ordisrupt computersystemse.g.Make sureto regularlyscan your computer formalware.passcode n.:a codeor passwordused togain accessto a device orsysteme.g.Enter yourpasscode tounlock yourphone.password n.:a secretword orphrase used for authenticationor accessto acomputer orsysteme.g.Dont forgetto changeyour passwordregularly forsecurity.spyware n.:software thatsecretly gathersinformation abouta usersactivities withouttheirknowledgee.g.Install anantivirus programto protectagainst spyware.transmit vt.:to sendor transferinformation,signals,or datae.g.The radiostation transmitsits signalacross thecity.username n.:a uniquename used to identifyoneself on acomputeror onlinesysteme.g.My usernamefor thewebsite is1johndoel23H.重点词组Text Aantivirus software:a programdesigned todetect,prevent,and removecomputer virusesandother malware讲解e.g.Make sureto installantivirus softwareto protectyourcomputerfrom viruses.computer worm:a typeof malwarethat replicatesitself andspreads acrosscomputer networkse.g.The computerworm infectedthousands of computers withinhours.one-factor authentication:a methodof authenticationthat relieson asingle factor,such as apassword ora fingerprinte.g.Logging inwith justa passwordis anexample ofone-factor authentication.proxyserver:a serverthat acts as anintermediary betweena clientand anotherserver,providingcontrol,security,and cachingfunctionse.g.The proxyserver filtersand forwardsrequests fromthe clientsto the internet.retinal scan:a biometricauthentication methodthat usesthe uniquepatterns ofblood vesselsin theretinato verifyidentitye.g.The high-security facilityrequires employeesto undergoa retinalscan foraccess.social network:an onlineplatform orcommunity whereindividuals canconnect,communicate,and shareinformation withotherse.g.Facebook isa popularsocial networkfor stayingin touchwith friendsand family.three-factor authentication:a methodof authenticationthat requiresthree differentfactors,such asapassword,a fingerprint,and a security tokene.g.The bankuses three-factor authenticationto ensuresecure accessto customeraccounts.two-factor authentication:a methodof authenticationthat requirestwo differentfactors,such as apassword anda securitycode sentto amobile device教学目标通过对专业英语的学习，掌握相关的英语词汇，具有阅读专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟通教学重点）学习计算机专业核心词汇；）掌握阅读技巧；）具备一定的计算机专业翻译能力123综合使用讲授法、讨论法、练习法、读书指导法以及任务驱动法教学方法）课文概述教学过程1）词汇学习（详见教学内容）2）（详见教学内容）3Notes）课文讲解4）作业5）教学扩展6作业【】、［］和［为必做题，【】为选做题Exl.Ex

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4.扫码课文旁的二维码，听课文学习在线资源教学扩展1Word Building2Career Training软件水平考试试题解析3教学内容Unit6课文概述Text AThis article provides an overview of various networking devices,including hubs,switches,bridges,routers,brouters,and gateways.Hubs are used instar topology networks toconsolidatethe cablefrom allnetwork devices.They arebasic devices that amplifyand transmitsignals to allconnected devices.Ethernet hubsare multiportrepeaters thatenable ashared mediumfor networkdevices.Switches areintelligent hubsthat read the MACaddress ofeach framethey receiveandonly transmitthe frameto theintended destination device.They operateat thephysical and datalink layersand improvenetwork performanceby reducingcongestion.Bridges are used tojoin ordividenetwork segmentsand canconnect networkswith differentspeeds,topologies,or protocols.They operateat thephysical andMAC sublayer of the data link layer andreadtheMAC headertodetermine thedestinationdevice.Routers extendor segmentnetworks byforwarding packetsbetweenlogical networks.They operateat the network layerand userouting tablesto determinethebest pathfor packettransmission.Routers areused inlarge internetworksand connecthostsand LANsto the internet.Brouters area combinationof routersand bridges,capable ofhandlingboth bridgedand routedtraffic.They transmitbridged trafficbased onphysical addressesandrouted trafficbased onlogical addresses.Gateways aredevices usedto connectnetworks thatusedifferent protocols.They operateat the network layerand receivedata fromone protocolstack,remove it,and repackageit withthe protocolstack usedby thedestination network.Understandingthese networking devices isessential for designing andmanaging networks effectively.Eachdevice servesa specificpurpose andcontributes to the smoothoperation ofcomputer networks.重点单词Text Aconcentrator n.:a device or component that collects,combines,or mergesmultiple dataorcommunication signalsinto asingle output讲解e.g.The networkconcentrator allowsmultiple devices to connect to acentral network.default n.:a pre-selected orpredetermined value,setting,or optionused whenno alternativeisspecifiede.g.The defaultfont sizein theword processoris12point.gateway n.:a networkdevice or software thatserves asa connectionpoint between differentnetworks,allowing datato flowbetween theme.g.The routeractsasa gatewaybetween thelocal area network and the internet.protocol n.:a setof rulesand conventionsthat governthe communicationand exchangeof databetween devices orsystemse.g.The HTTPprotocol isused fortransmitting webpages and data overtheinternet.repeater n.:a device that receives,amplifies,and retransmitssignals toextend theirreach andimprovetheir qualityin a networke.g.The repeaterboosts theweak signalto ensuresmooth transmissionbetweendevices.router n.:a networkdevice thatforwards datapackets betweendifferent networks,makingrouting decisionsbased onnetwork addressese.g.The routerconnects thelocal networkto theinternet anddirects trafficbetween them.switch n.:a networkdevicethat connects multiple devices ona local area networkLAN,enabling communicationbetween theme.g.The switchallows computersand otherdevicesto connect andcommunicate within thenetwork.fiber optic:a typeof cableor transmissionmedium thatuses glass or plasticthreads to transmit重点词组Text Adata as pulsesof light讲解e.g.Fiber optic cables areused forlong-distance andhigh-speed datatransmission.logical bus topology:a networkarchitecture orconfiguration wheremultiple devices areconnected to a commoncommunication pathway,called abuse.g.In alogical bus topology,dataistransmitted sequentially fromone device to another on thebus.mesh topology:a networkarchitecture orconfiguration where devices are connected toeach otherin a decentralizedmanner,forming a networkofinterconnected nodese.g.In amesh topology,data cantake multiplepaths toreach itsdestination,ensuring redundancyandfault tolerance.network layer:the layeror levelin a network protocolstack thatis responsible fortherouting andforwardingof datapackets betweendifferent networkse.g.The networklayer of the TCP/IP protocolstack ensuresthe deliveryofdataacross multiplenetworks.routing table:a datastructure ortable usedby arouter todetermine theappropriate path or nexthopfor forwardingdata packetse.g.The routingtable containsinformation aboutnetwork addressesand associatedroutes forefficientpacket routing.token ring network:a localarea networkLAN topology wheredevicesare connected in aringconfiguration,and datais passedsequentiallyfromonedeviceto anotherusinga token e.g.In atokenringnetwork,a token is passedaround the ring tocontrol accessandpreventdata collisions.twisted pair:a typeof cableusedfortransmitting data,consisting oftwo insulatedcopper wirestwistedtogether toreduce electromagneticinterferencee.g.Twisted paircables arecommonly usedfor Ethernet network connections.UTP UnshieldedTwisted Pair:a typeof networkcabling consistingof pairsof twistedcopper重点缩写Text Awires,commonly usedfor Ethernetconnectionse.g.The UTPcable providesreliable datatransmission inlocalarea networks.讲解Text A课文讲解及详见PPT翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BThisarticle providesan overviewofvariousnetworkingdevices,including NICsNetworkInterface Cards,ISDN adapters,wireless accesspoints WAPs,transceivers,and firewalls.NICsare hardwarecards installedincomputersto enablecommunication ona network.They provideportsfor networkcable connectionsand transmit and receivedata on thenetwork.Wireless LANcardsare NICsdesigned forwireless networks,allowing wirelesscommunication betweendevices.ISDN adaptersareusedto sendvoice,data,audio,or videoover standardtelephonecabling.They connect to digitaltelephone networksand providedata throughputrates rangingfrom56Kbps to

1.544Mbps.WAPs actas wirelesshubs,linking multiplewireless NICsinto asinglesubnet.They broadcastand receivesignals betweenwireless devicesand thecablednetwork,bridging thewireless networkto awired Ethernetnetwork.Transceivers,also known asmedia converters,transmitand receive analogor digitalsignals.In Ethernetnetworks,they arecalledMedium AccessUnits MAUsand interconnectdifferent cabletypes within a network.Media convertersareusedto connectdifferent cabletypes,such astwisted pair,fiber,and coax,and canincrease cablingdistances andenhance immunityto electromagneticinterference.Firewalls aredevicesthatcontrol trafficbetweendifferentzones oftrust in anetwork.Theyenforce securitypolicies andconnectivity modelsbased on the leastprivilege principle.Firewallscan beimplemented assoftware applicationsonasingle computer,known aspersonal firewalls,oras dedicatednetwork devicespositioned onthe boundaryof networks,knownasnetworkfirewalls.They canfilter trafficat thenetwork orapplication layerandcanbe statefulor stateless,depending onwhether theytrack packetstates.Understanding thesenetworkingdevicesis crucialforbuilding andsecuring computernetworkseffectively.Each deviceplays aspecific roleinenabling communicationand ensuring networksecurity.重点单词Text Bbit n.:the smallestunit ofcomputer information,representing eithera0or1in binarynotation讲解e.g.A byteconsists ofeight bits,which canrepresent upto256different values.buffer n.:an areaofcomputermemory usedto temporarilyhold datawhile itis beingtransferredor processede.g.The bufferstores incomingdata untilit canbe processedby theprogram.driver n.:a softwareprogram ormodule thatallows acomputeroroperating systemtocommunicate withand controlaspecifichardware devicee.g.The printerdriver enables the computer to sendprint requeststo theprinter.firewall n.:asecuritydeviceorsoftware thatmonitors andfilters networktraffic,protecting acomputerornetworkfrom unauthorizedaccess orthreatse.g.The firewallblocks incomingconnections fromunknown sources,ensuringnetworksecurity.重点词组Text Banalog signal:a continuoussignal thatrepresents informationasacontinuously varyingphysicalquantity,such asvoltage or sound waves讲解e.g.The analogsignal isconverted todigital formatfor processingby acomputer.parallel port:a typeof interfaceonacomputer thatallows forthe simultaneoustransmission ofmultiplebits ofdatae.g.The parallelport iscommonly usedfor connectingprinters andother externaldevices.transport layer:the layeror levelinanetwork protocolstack thatprovides end-to-endcommunication servicesand ensuresreliable datadelivery betweennetwork hostse.g.The transportlayerofthe TCP/IP protocolstack includesprotocols such as TCPTransmissionControl Protocol.重点缩写Text BATM AsynchronousTransfer Mode:a networkingtechnology thatuses fixed-lengthpackets calledcells totransmit dataover networks讲解e.g.ATM isused intelecommunications networkstotransmitvoice,video,anddatasignals.EMI ElectroMagneticInterference:interference ordisruptions causedby electromagneticradiationor electromagneticfields onelectronic devicese.g.The shieldingprotects thesensitive electroniccomponents fromEMI,ensuring properfunctioning.ISDN IntegratedServices DigitalNetwork:a telecommunicationsnetwork thatprovides digitalvoice,video,anddataservices overtraditional copperwirese.g.ISDN offersfaster datatransmission ratesand improvedvoice qualitycompared toanalogphone lines.NIC NetworkInterface Card:a hardwarecomponentthatallows acomputer to connecttoanetwork,providing networkcommunication capabilitiese.g.The NICenablesthecomputerto connectto theinternetand accessnetworkresources.WAP WirelessAccess Point:a devicethatallowswireless devicesto connecttoawired networkoraccess theinternet wirelesslye.g.The WAPprovides Wi-Fi connectivityintheoffice,allowing employeesto connecttheirdevices to thenetwork.课文详见Text BPPT讲解及翻译详见课本Word Building详见课本Career Training教学内容Unit7课文概述Text AThisarticle providesan overviewof differentnetwork topologies.A topologyreferstothe mannerinwhich thecable isrun toindividual workstationsonthenetwork.The threebasic networktopologiesare bus,star,and ring.A bustopology connectseach computertoasingle segmenttrunk,where signalsare broadcastto all stations.A star topology connectsallstationstoacentralunit calleda hub,providing acommon connectionpoint.A ring topology consistsof stationsconnectedserially ina circularmanner,where atokenispassed fromone stationtothenext.Eachtopology hasits ownadvantages anddisadvantages.Bus topologiesare easyto implementandextend,but canbe difficultto troubleshootand havelimited cablelength.Star topologiesallow foreasyaddition ofnew stationsand easiertroubleshooting,but requiremore cable.Ring topologieshaveminimal impacton performanceas thesystem grows,but arethe mostexpensive andfailureof onecomputer canimpact others.Other FAQsaddressed inthe articleinclude thewiring ofaring topologyasastar,the conceptof counterrotatingrings forfault tolerance,andthepossibilityof mixingdifferent topologiesonthesame network.Understanding thedifferent networktopologiesis importantfordesigningand implementingefficient andreliable networks.Thechoice oftopology dependsonthespecific requirementsand constraintsofthenetwork.adapter n.:a deviceor connectorthatallowsdifferent typesof hardwareorsoftwareto work重点单词Text Atogether讲解e.g.I needan adaptertoconnectmy oldprinter tomy newcomputer.circuit n.:a completepathorloop throughwhich anelectric currentcan flowe.g.The circuitin mycomputer isnot workingproperly.Ethernetn.:a systemfor connectingcomputers ina localarea networkLAN e.g.We useEthernettoconnectallthe computersin our office.hub n.:a devicethat connectsmultipledevicesinanetworkandallows themto communicatewith each othere.g.The hubin our office networkallows allthecomputerstoconnecttotheinternet.maintenance n.:the actof keepingsomething ingood conditionor workingordere.g.Regular maintenanceof yourcar willhelp preventbreakdowns.message n.:a piece of informationor communicationsent orreceivede.g.I receiveda messagefrom myfriend onmy phone.node n.:a pointordeviceinanetwork whereconnections aremadee・g・The centralnode inthenetworkcontrols allthedataflow.signal n.:a gesture,action,orsoundusedtoconvey informationor instructionse.g.The trafficlight turnedred,signaling usto stop.token n.:a smallpieceofdata usedfor authenticationor identificatione.g.You needatokento accessthe securearea.topologyn.:the arrangementor patternof elementsinanetwork e.g.The networktopologydetermines howthe devicesare connected.transceiver n.:adevicethat canboth transmitandreceivesignals e.g.The transceiverallows ustosend andreceive messages.bustopology:anetworktopology whereall devicesare connected toasingle cableor buse.g.In重点词组Text Aabustopology,each deviceshares thesame communicationline.讲解fiber-optic cable:a high-speed transmissionmedium thatuses thinstrands ofglassorplastic totransmitdata usinglight signalse.g.The internetconnection inourofficeis providedthrough afiber-opticcable.ring topology:anetworktopology wheredevicesareconnectedina circularring,witheachdeviceconnected totwo neighboringdevicese.g.In aringtopology,data travelsin onedirection aroundthering.star topology:anetworktopologywhereall devicesareconnectedtoacentral hubor switche.g.In astartopology,all communicationgoes throughthe centralhub.LAN localareanetwork:anetworkthatconnectsdevices withina limitedarea,suchasan office重点缩写Text Abuildingor homee.g.The computersinouroffice areconnectedtothe LANfor filesharing.讲解课文Text A详见PPT讲解及翻译详见课本Text ANotes概述Text BThisarticleprovidesanoverviewoftheOSI OpenSystems Interconnectionmodel,which isastandard developedby theISO InternationalStandards Organizationto describethe flowof dataonacomputernetwork.The OSImodel consistsof sevenlayers:physical,datalink,network,transport,session,presentation,and application.The physicallayer establishesthe physicalcharacteristicsofthenetwork,suchasthe typeof cableand connectorsused,as wellas theelectricalcharacteristicsofthe signals.The datalinklayer is responsiblefor breakingdown dataframesinto individualbits fortransmission andperforming errordetection andcorrection.Thenetwork layer handles addressingand routing,translating logicaladdresses intophysical addressesanddetermining theroute fromthe sourcetothedestination computer.The transportlayer ensuresmessagesare deliverederror-free andinthecorrect order,performing flowcontrol andretransmissionif necessary.The sessionlayerisresponsibleforestablishing,maintaining,andterminating aconnection orsession betweencomputers,managing synchronizationand dialogcontrol.The presentationlayerhandlesdata translation,compression,and encryption,convertingdata formatsand compressingor encryptingdataasneeded.The applicationlayer providesdirectaccess tonetwork servicesfor user applications,serving asthe interfacebetweentheuser andthenetwork.It supportsuserapplicationsby providingservices thatallow themto。