03-选择性必修第二册Unit-4基础练习人教版2019

年高考英语一轮复习讲练测人教版20232019选择性必修二Unit4Journey acrossa VastLand单句语法填空I.•新高考全国卷

1.2020I Always make your presentation just a bit shorter thananticipate.

2.2020・1折江高考Taking picturesof polarbears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bears-like allwild animals-shouldphotograph froma safedistance.

3.2019・W匕京高考Since hefirst startedvolunteering hiscar to the young people,Wilson hascovered anastonish64,000miles,and hashad countlesspleasant andoften humorousconversations withthe studentshe transportsto andfromschool.•全国卷

4.2019II most of us volunteersbreath a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.•天津高考

5.2019Submit afirst draftof youressay,performance script,or documentaryhighlight.完成句子II.

1.1,smart phonesnot onlytake upour valuabletime,but alsodo greatharm toour health.正相反，智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间而旦还对我们的健康有害

2.Seeing theirfavorite starcome in,看到最喜欢的明星进来了，这些忠实的粉丝立马从座位上站了起来

3.his son had been caught cheating in the exams.他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了，这使他大为吃惊

4.He his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.他良好的发音归功于他的第一位英语老师

5.today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.毫无疑问，汉语是当今世界上最重要的语言之一语法填空III.Few peopleI knowseem tohave muchdesire ortime tocook.Making ChineseLdish isseen asespeciallytroublesome.Many westerners

2.come toChina cookmuch lessthan in their owncountries once they realizehow cheap

3.can beto eatout.I stillremember

4.你加入他们的计划故选F【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文作者讲述了自己和哥哥在周末骑自行车去乡下游玩的经历VI.•【解析】选由该空后的可知，哥哥和我”离开繁忙1A“spent a long weekendcycling in the countryside”left”的城市去了乡下.【解析】选由该空后的可知，我们的车速只有千米每小时，2B“We hadntcome tobreak anyspeed records”14但是我们并不“介意mind”.【解析】选从城市来到乡下应该是想呼吸一下“新鲜的空气3A fresh”.【解析】选由该空后的可知，在没有汽车的乡间小路上，我们无忧4Do“cycling alongtraffic-free countrypaths”无虑地骑着自行车，十分享受过得愉快”enjoy oneselr.【解析】选“特别是早上非常冷5B especially”•【解析】选由上文的和可知，我们骑了一会儿自行车感觉“暖和多了6C“it wasquite coldThe goodnews”warmed up”.【解析】选由该空后的可知，这里是说“问题7B“my brakesstarted making a terrible noise”problem”•【解析】选由该空后的足可知,趁着机修工帮我们修自行8C“visit aca while a bike mechanic had a look at it”车，我们就有“借口去咖啡馆逛一逛了excuse”.【解析】选由上文的和该空格后的可知，这里是说每隔几9Do“the countryside”“we could talk with local people”千米就有一个“村庄village”•【解析】选由该空后的可知，这位妇女非常“友好10A“showed usthe waywhen wegot lost”friendly”.【解析】选由下文的可知，我们被隔壁的一些年轻人“吵醒11C“They keptsinging loudlyin the next room”了woken”.【解析】选一晚上没有休息好，所以早上起来后应该感觉很“累12D tired”•【解析】选由该空格后的可知，很快我们就“出发了13A“We weremore cheerful on the way”set off”.【解析】选骑着自行车游玩既“简单广又快乐14B simple.【解析】选总览全文可知，作者认为骑自行车游玩是一个很好的“选择15D choice”visit a friend whodlived herefor fiveyears and I

5.shock when I learntshe hadntcooked oncein allthat time.While regularlyeating outseems to

6.become commonfor manyyoung peoplein recentyears,ifs notwithout acost.The obviousone ismoney;eating outonce ortwice aweek maybe

7.afford butdoing thismost daysadds up.There couldbe an even

8.high coston your health.Researchers havefound that there is a directlink betweenthe increasein foodeatenoutside thehome and the risein

9.weigh problems.If you are notgoing tosuffer thisproblem,then Isuggest thatthe nexttime yougo to your mumshome

10.dinner,geta fewcooking tipsfrom her.Cooking foodcan befun.You mightalso beginto noticethe effectsnot onlyon yourhealthbut in your pocket..阅读理解IVAScience fictionpaints afuture whererobots playan importantpart ineveryday life.A technologyfirm istrying to立make thatfuture areality todaywith anaffordable robotcalled Artibo.Artibo issmall.Its brain,or AIblock,isacube方体that fitsinyourhand.That blockconnects toa motorblock andtwo siliconwheels.Assembled,its aboutfour inchestall.Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around.Artibos designerswant it to providecompanionship and bea resource for learning coding.With itscamera,microphone andconnection toa cloud-based AI,it对讲机.can respondto voicecommands orfunction like a walkie-talkie Ittalks likea chatbotand cantell bedtimestories.It caneven helpyou learnother languages!Artibo isntquite readyfor storesyet,though.Its partof a crowdfunding project.Crowdfunding isa programwhereyou puta requestonline toacrowdof people.Supporters canthen paylarge orsmall amountsto helpyou finisha project.Artibo willfirst beavailable topeople whohave paidto helpbring itinto production.Using computercode to program your own toys is nothingnew.LEGO firstreleased arobot kitin

1998.Since then,programmable robotshave becomeone of the best-selling unitsin theLEGO productline.Programming robotsmightsound comparable to rocket science,but anyone can programone usingnothing morethan atablet ora smartphoneandcode blocks.Code blocksallow you toprogramsimple orcomplex commandsby assemblingvisual blocksof codeon thecanvas画布of acomputer screen.Just dragand dropa varietyof codeblocks froma programmingmenu linkthem together,and watchhow yourrobot responds.In Artiboscase codingdoesnt stopthere.Unlike other similar programmable toys,Artibo willalso allowyouto write yourown code.So as your familiaritywith codingincreases,you wontlose interestinArtibo.

1.According tothe passage,the purposeof developingArtibo is.A.helping peoplelearn anythingthey wantand providingcompanionshipB.providing arobot thatcan move,accompany andhelp peoplelearn codingC.chatting withpeople,telling bedtimestories andsupplying languagesD.helping peopleraise moneyon lineand creatingprogrammable robots

2.What can be concludedfrom thepassageA.Programming robotsis notreally complicated.B.Programming robotsis advancedlikearocket.C.Programming robotscanbeused insmartphones.D.Programming robotsused intoysis not newat all.

3.The passageimplies that.A.people can program variousorders evenwithout codeblocksB.anyonecancontrol Artibofreely unlikeother programmingtoysC.the morefamiliar yourewith coding,the moreyoull likeArtiboD.artibo ispopular in the worldespecially amongyoung peopleBForseveral decades,there has been anextensive andorganized campaignintended togenerate distrustin science,（自由主义智囊团）funded byregulated industriesand libertarianthink tankswhose interestsand beliefsare threatenedby the findings of modern science.In response,scientists have tended tostress the success of science.After all,scientistshave beenright aboutmost things,from thestructure ofthe universetotherelativity oftime andspace.Quoting successesisnt wrong,but for many peopleits notpersuasive.What is typically declaredto bethe scientificmethod——develop asupposition,then designan experimentto testit——isnt whatscientists actuallydo.Science isactive so that new methods get invented and old ones getabandoned.The scientific method doesntalways work.Falsetheories can produce trueresults,so evenif anexperiment works,it doesntprove thatthe theoryit wasdesigned totest istrue.If thereisnoidentifiable scientific method thenwhat isthe guaranteefor trustin scienceTheanswer isthe methodsby whichthose claimsare evaluated.A scientificclaim isnever acceptedas trueuntil ithasgone through alongprocess ofexamination byfellow scientists.Until thispoint,scientific feedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.But thenext stepis different:oncethepaper isready,it ispresented toa scientificjournal,where thingsget awholelot tougher.Editors deliberatelysend scientificpapers topeople whoare notfriends orcolleagues ofthe authors,andthe jobofthe reviewers isto finderrors orother inadequacies.We callthis process“peer review,,because thereviewers arescientificpeers butthey actin therole ofa superiorwho hasboth theright andthe obligationto findfault.It isonly afterthereviewers andthe editorare satisfiedthat anyproblems havebeen fixedthatthepaper isaccepted forpublication andentersthe bodyof science.”Does thisprocess evergo wrongOf course.Scientists arehuman.But ifwe lookcarefully athistorical caseswherescience wentwrong,typically therewas noagreement reachedby all.Some peopleargue thatwe shouldnot trustsciencebecause scientistsare“always changingtheir minds^^.While examplesof trulysettled sciencebeing overturnedare farfewerthan issometimes claimed,they doexist.But the beauty ofthis scientificprocess isthat itexplains whatmight（矛盾的）（新颖性）otherwise appearparadoxical thatscience producesboth noveltyand stability.New observations,ideas,interpretations introducenovelty:transformative questioningleads tocollective decisionsandthestability ofscientificknowledge.Scientists dochange their minds in the faceof newevidence,but thisisastrength ofscience,not aweakness.

1.Distrust in science hasbeen foundbecause.A.scientists,citing successesisnt persuasiveformanypeople tosome extentB.most scientistshavetendedto laytoo muchemphasis onthesuccessof scienceC.a wide-ranging andorganized campaignhasbeenfounded insome industriesand thinktanksD.someones benefitsand beliefsare endangeredbythefindingsofmodernscience

2.Which ofthe followingstatements willthe authoragree withabout a scientific methodA.A scientificmethod doesntnecessarily takeeffect becausescience ischanging.B.A scientificmethod isnot rightbecause it isnt whatscientists actuallydo.C.A successfulexperiment canguarantee the truthfulness ofa claimby a scientificmethod.D.True theoriescanproducefalse resultsbecause thescientificmethod doesnt work.

3.What purposedoes“peer review“in evaluatingascientificclaim mainlyserveA.The scientificclaim canbe completelyaccepted bythereviewersinthesame field.B.The scientificpeers candraw rightconclusions byfinding itsfaults orother inadequacies.C.The scientificclaim canbe publishedand recognizedas trueinscience.D.The scientificpaper canbe successfullysubmitted toascientificjournal.

4.It canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphthat.A.not allthe claimsabout thefalsehood ofwell-established sciencelead to its being overturnedB.itisinevitable thatscience sometimesgoes wrongbecause itappears paradoxicalC.thebeautyofsciencelies inthe paradoxof beingboth noveland stableD.science isnot trustfulbecause scientistsalways changetheirminds七选五VFriends shouldalways behonest withyou,right Sowhen theylie,it canbe reallyhard totake.You want to trustyourfriends andthat meansknowing that theyll tellittoyou straightno matterwhat itis.1Why does this happen2One ofthe biggestreasons friendslie issimply toavoid hurtingyour feelings.Some peopledont understandthedifference betweenbeing gentlyhonest witha friendand beingso straightforwardthattheyleave averbal wound.Theychoose toavoid thesetwo extremesintheform ofa lie.They feelembarrassed.Sometimes friendswill lieabout thingsin theirlife becausethey aretoo embarrassedto admitthetruth.Maybe they（纠缠）are goingthrougharough timeand theyjust dontwant youto knowabout it.Avoid trying to badger your friendsintotelling youwhats wrong.3Avoid anargument withyou.Perhaps your friends knowthat ifthey tellyou thetruth,youll getangry withthem.Make surethat ifa friendtells yousomething unpleasant,you dontoveract.4If youdo endup arguing,do itin arespectable way.Exclude you.Lying isntalways asign thatfriends aretrying toprotect you,however.5When youfind outwith certaintythat yourfriend is lyingtoyou,try andface it.If youfeel yourfriend islying becausehe orshe doesntwant to be aroundyou,thatsyour wake-up tomove on.A.Protect your feelings.B.They wantto beyour closerfriends.C.But afriend wholies isntalways trying to hurtyou.D.Consider whafsbeing saidand whyyourfriendis telling you this.E.Being honestand makinga sincereeffort cankeep thefriendship strong.F.Sometimes theylie becausethey dontwant youtobeincluded intheir plans.G.Instead,make itclear thatyouarethere forthem whenand ifthey areready totalk.完形填空VI.Have youever traveledaround bybike Thisspring myolder brotherandI]the busycity andspent along weekendcyclinginthecountryside.Our speedwas onlyaround14kph,but wedidnt

2.We hadntcome tobreak anyspeed records,after all.All wewanted weresome3air anda breakfrom schoolwork.We really4ourselves whilecycling alongtraffic-free countrypaths.There wasplenty ofsunshine,but itwas quitecold,5inthemornings.The goodnews wasthat soonwe6as werode along.Our only7was whenmy brakesstarted（机修工）makingaterriblenoise.But Ididnt careas itgave usan8to visita cafewhileabikemechanichadalookatit.Every fewkilometres therewas a9where wecouldtalkwithlocalpeople.One ofthe womenwas very10and showedusthe waywhen wegot lost.On Saturdaynight wewere11at2a.m.by someyoungpeople.They keptsinging loudlyinthe nextroom,which madeus sleeplessall night.We feltvery12when wegot upthenextmorning.Soon we13We weremorecheerfulonthewaywhen thesun cameout.Luckily,things likethat happenedonly once.Anyway Istill liketravelingaround bybike-ifs14and ifsfun.If yourelooking fora shortbreak thatsactive andcheap,then cyclingis agreat15!

1.A.left B.visited C.found D.reached

2.A.regret B.mind C.fail D.realize

3.A.fresh B.thin C.cool D.dry

4.A.hurt B.hated C.changed D.enjoyed

5.A.probably B.especiallyC.specially D.immediately

6.A.came backB.gave upC.warmed upD.calmed down

7.A.wish B.problem C.decision D.memory

8.A.order B.opinion

9.A.city B.lake C.school D.villageC.excuse D.explanation

10.A.friendly B.honestC.stupid D.nervous

11.A.saved B.paid C.woken D.greeted

12.A.shy B.busyC.bored D.tired

13.A.set offB.called backC.settled downD.broke down

14.A.true B.simpleC.difficult D.dangerous

15.A.goal B.dream C.result D.choice参考答案I.

1.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthan anticipatedanticipate.

2.Taking picturesof polarbears isamazing butalso dangerous.Polar bears-like allwild animals-should bephotographedphotograph froma safedistance.

3.Since hefirst startedvolunteering hiscar tothe youngpeople,Wilson hascovered anastonishing astonish64,000miles,and hashad countlesspleasant andoften humorousconversations withthe studentshe transportsto andfrom school.

4.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreathe breathasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.

5.Submit afirst draftof youressay,performance script,or documentaryhighlights highlight.II.

1.On thecontrary,smart phonesnot onlytake upour valuabletime,butalsodo greatharm toourhealth.

2.Seeing theirfavorite starcome in,the devotedfans arosefrom theirseats immediately.

3.What astonishedhim wasthat hissonhadbeencaughtcheatingintheexams.

4.He owedit tehisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.

5.There isno doubtthat todayChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.【文章大意】因为做饭麻烦，所以很多人到饭馆吃饭，但经常这样不仅浪费钱，还容易发胖，导致健康问题III.考查名词复数此处用名词复数泛指中国菜

1.disheso考查定语从句先行词指人，故用引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语

2.who/thato who/that考查代词作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语

1.1toitt eatout考查非谓语动词.“记得做过某事「为固定搭配

4.visitingo rememberdoing sth考查时态和语态此处动作与后面的发生时间一致，应为过去时；和之间

5.was shockedowhenIlearnt...I shock为被动关系，指“我”感到震惊，故此处为过去时的被动语态考查时态根据后面的时间状语可知，此处应该用现在完成时

6.have becomein recentyearso考查词性转换根据语境可知此处作表语、所以要用形容词形式

7.affordableo考查形容词比较级根据可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级，表示付出比钱更高的代价

8.highero even考查词性转换表示体重方面的问题，要用名词作定语

9.weighto

10.for考查介词此处goto.・.for.・.构成搭配，表示目的oIV.A.【解析】选细节理解题根据第二段中1B Artiboismuchmorethanjustarobotthatyouprogramtomovearound.阿蒂博不仅仅是——个你Artibos designerswant itto providecompanionshipandbearesourceforlearningcoding.I可以随意移动的机器人阿蒂博的设计者希望它能提供陪伴，并成为学习编程的资源可知阿蒂博机器人不仅能移动，也能提供陪伴，帮助学习编程故选项B.【解析】选推理判断题根据第四段中2Programming robotsmight soundcomparabletorocketscience,but anyoneAo编程机器人可能听起来像火箭科学，canprogramone usingnothing morethan atablet ora smartphoneand codeblocks.但任何人都可以用平板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程可知，编程机器人真的并不复杂故选项A.【解析】选推理判断题根据最后一段中汰3Uni eothersimilarprogrammabletoys,Artibo willalso allowyouCo与其他类似的可towriteyourowncode.So asyour familiaritywith codingincreases,you wontlose interestin Artibo,编程玩具不同，阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码因此，随着你对编码的熟悉程度的增加，你不会对阿蒂博失去兴趣可知，你对编码越熟悉，就越喜欢阿蒂博故选项CB【解析】选细节理解题根据第一段第一句可知，几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动，目的是产生LDo对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助，他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁由此可知，人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁，故项正确D.【解析】选推理判断题根据第二段中的4“Science isactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetAo,”科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学abandoned.The scientificmethoddoesntalways work的方法并不总是有效的可知，作者可能会同意“科学方法不一定有效，因为科学正在发生变化”这一说法，故项正确A.【解析】选细节理解题根据倒数第二段中的最后两句“我们称这个过程为同行评审，因为评审人员是科5C学上的同行，但是他们扮演着上级的角色，有权利也有义务找出错误，只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后，任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域」可知，在评估一项科学声明时，同行评审的主要目的是说明这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的，故项正确C.【解析】选推理判断题根据最后一段中的6A“While examplesof trulysettled sciencebeingoverturnedare farfewer虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多，但它们确实than issometimes claimed,they doexist.”存在可知，并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻，故项正确A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法V【解析】选根据后文为什么会这样？结合后文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因可知，说

1.C Whydoesthishappen谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你故选C【解析】选根据本段第一句句意

2.One ofthe biggestreasons friendslie issimply toavoid hurtingyourfeelings.Ao朋友说谎的最大原因之一就是避免伤害你的感情由此可知，本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保护你的感受故选A【解析】选句意不要纠缠你的朋友，让他

3.G Avoidtryingtobadgeryourfriends intotellingyouwhafs wrong.们告诉你出了什么事山此可知，朋友对你撒谎是因为自己正在经历艰难的时期，因此最好的做法是不要纠缠你的朋友，而是在他们准备好跟你谈心的时候，清楚地告诉他们你在他们身边陪伴他们故选G【解析】选结合上文

4.Perhaps yourfriends knowthat ifthey tellyou thetruth,youll getangry withthem.Make sureDo句意也许你的朋友知道如果他们告诉你真相，你that ifafriendtells yousomethingunpleasant,you dontoveract.会生他们的气确保如果朋友告诉你一些不愉快的事情，你不要反应过度由此可知，朋友对你撒谎可能是为了避免和你发生争执，避免让你生气，所以在朋友告诉你真相的时候，你应该冷静想想他们说了什么，以及为什么要跟你说这些故选D【解析】选根据上文句意然而,撒谎

5.Lying isntalways asign thatfriends aretryingtoprotect you,however.Fo并不总是朋友试图保护你的信号以及最后一句If youfeel yourfriendislying becausehe orshe doesntwanttobearound you,that9syourwake-up tomove on.句意如果你觉得你的朋友在说谎，因为他或她不想和你在一起，那是你继续前进的警钟可知，有时候朋友们对你撒谎仅仅是因为他们不想跟你在一起，不想让。