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Unit4Friends forever
4.2Using language0目标导航青少年的一青少年
1.teenage adj.teenager n..鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的〃.灵感，鼓舞人心的人或事
2.inspiring adj—inspiration〃.慰藉，慰藉—舒适的，舒服的
3.comfort comfortableadj.强烈的情感，激情热诚的，狂热的
4.passion n.-^passionate adj.重点〃.耐心一耐心的〃.病人一也耐心地
5.patience patientadj.patiently词汇〃•慷慨，大方一.慷慨的，大方的
6.generosity generous adj-^generously和词慷慨地，大方地转幽默感一幽默的
7.hum ourn.humorous adj,
8.anxious adj,焦虑的，不安的—a nx io u焦y〃dj.焦虑地，不安地—anxiety〃.焦虑，不安使与…保持距离，撇清和…的关系〃.距离远的
9.distance u.—distant adj.iS
1.
0.tendv.易于做某事，往往会发生某事一»呆ndency〃・趋势参考，查阅；指
2.refer to
4.mix.・・with与・・•混合
6.agree on考虑
7.think about词组-------------------------下令
8.give anorder感到沮丧
9.feel down发表声明
10.make astatement开始
11.
0.get started
9.Sales directoris aposition communicationability isjust asimportant assales.A.which B.where C.when D.why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系词句意销售经理是一个职位，在这个职位上，交流能力和销售能力一样重要分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为故选position whereoBo
10.Children,in myopinion,creative abilityis unbelievablyrich,should betrained inthat area.A.which B.what C.who D.whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句句意在我看来，孩子们的创造能力丰富得令人难以置信，应该在这个领域进行训练A.which先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；先行词是B.what C.who人，在从句中作主语或宾语；先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语分析句子结构，结合句意可知，D.whose“在名词后面作修饰成分，是非限制性定语从句，又因先行词creative abilityis unbelievablyrich”Children Children和之间是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，用引导该从句故选creative abilitywhose Do
11.Communication technologyhas enteredthe5G era,will surelybring greatchanges toour life.A.when B.what C.which D.where【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句句意通信技术已经进入了时代，这必将给我们的生活带来巨大的变化此处为非限制性5G定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词引导故选which C
12.My motheris thebusiest personin thefamily,which alwayshas a lot ofhousework to do.【答案】一which who【解析】考查定语从句句意同上此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用my mother,关系代词引导故将改为who which who
13.1have apet cat,which nameis Lucky.She haswhite hairand twobig eyes.【答案】which—whose【解析】考查定语从句句意我有一只宠物猫，名字叫分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词Lucky cat在从句中作名词的定语，故将改为name whichwhose0【过关检测】I.单句语法填空I
1.There isgrowing publicanxiousover levelsof airpollution inour cities.答案anxiety
2.The man is talkingabout theteachers andthings encouragedhim greatlyin school.答案that
3.The InternationalRed Crossis anorganization purposeis tohelp thesick and the needy.答案whose
4.The professoryou wishto seehas goneabroad.答案who/that/whom
5..Do you have anythingis importantto tellme答案that
6.A shopshould keepa stockof thosegoods sellbest.答案which/that
7.This isthe mostbeautiful andcleanest cityI havevisited inChina.答案that
8.Membershipquality youfor adiscount onpurchases.答案qualifies句式升级IL
1.I have a friend.He likeslistening toclassical music.—答案I have a friendwho likeslistening toclassical music.
2.Yesterday Emilywas wearingthe new dress.I lent her the newdress.答案Yesterday Emilywas wearingthe newdress that/which Ilenther.
3.The studentsarticle was published in the magazine.I know the student.答案I know the studentwhose articlewaspublishedin themagazine.
4.You referred to the man at the meeting yesterday.I want to knowthe man.答案I wantto knowthe manwhom/who/that youreferredtoat themeetingyesterday.
5..The letteris frommy sister.I receivedit yesterday.答案The letterthat/which Ireceived yesterdayis frommy sister.
6.The trainwas late.It wasgoing toNanning.—答案The trainthat/which wasgoing toNanning waslate.
7.I wantto talkto the boys.Their homework hasnt been handed in.—答案I wantto talkto theboys whosehomeworkhasntbeenhandedin.
8.The boyis mybrother.He washere aminute ago.—_______________________________________________________________答案The boywho/that washere aminute agois mybrother.单句写作HL这些规定中的哪些是一个青少年应该遵守的？
1.What aresome of the rules答案that/which ateenager shouldobey远处教堂的钟声响起
2.答案Church bellsrang.in thedistance不活跃或者饮食中含有高脂肪食物的孩子会很快发胖
3.Children arenot activeor dietis highin fatwill gain weight quickly.答案who;whose.他们正在等的那位老人是李教授4The oldmanisProfessor Li.答案whom/who/that they are waitingfor在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程
5.In seniorhigh schoolyou willstudy morecourses yourjunior middleschoolcourses.答案which/that aredifferent from我们在一间窗户很大的教室学习
6.We studyin aclassroom thewindows arevery big.答案of which这是他读的第一本书
7.This isthe firstbook.答案that hehas read延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的
8.It wasan unpopulardecision to.答案postpone buildingthenewhospital综合运用练习阅读理解We canmake mistakesat anyage.Some mistakeswe makeare aboutmoney.But mostmistakes areabout people.Did Jerryreally carewhen Ibroke upwith Helen”When Igot thatgreat job,did Jimreally feelgood aboutit,as afriendOr didhe envymy luck”“And Paul,why didntI pickup that he wasfriendly justbecause I had acar”Whenwe look back,doubts like these canmake usfeel bad.But whenwe lookback,its toolate.Why dowe go wrong about our friendsor ourenemies Sometimeswhat peoplesay hidestheir real meaning.And ifwedon*t reallylisten wemiss thefeeling behindthe words.Suppose someonetells you,“Youre alucky dog.Thatsbeing friendly.But luckydog There*sa bit of envy in those words.Maybe hedoesnt seeit himself.But bringingin thedogputs youdown alittle.What hemay besaying isthathedoesnt thinkyou deserveyour luck.“Just think of all the thingsyouhaveto bethankful fbr“is anothernoise thatsays onething andmeans another.Itcould meanthat thespeaker istrying to get you to seeyour problemas partof yourlife asa whole.But ishe Wrappedupin thisphrase isthe thoughtthat yourproblem isn*t important.Its tellingyoutothink ofall thestarving peoplein theworldwhen youhavent gota datefor Saturdaynight.How canyou tellthe realmeaning behindsomeones wordsOne wayis totake agood lookat theperson talking.Do（姿态）his wordsfit theway he looks Doeswhat he says agreewith thetone ofvoice Hisposture Thelook inhis eyesStopand think.The minuteyou spendthinking aboutthe realmeaning of what peoplesay toyou maysave anothermistake.篇章导读本文是一篇说明文，在日常交往中，我们经常会误解他人本文告诉我们在与他人交往的过程中要观察别人说话的表情、语调、姿态和眼神等，通过这些观察可以辨别出别人的真正想法，以避免交际中出现错误
1.This passageis mainlyabout.A.how to make friendsB・what todo when you listen to otherstalkingC.how toavoid mistakeswhenyoucommunicate with peopleD.why wego wrongwithpeoplesometimes答案主旨大意题根据第一段前三句可知，我们经常犯的错误都是关于人的错误文章接下来的部分C告诉我们如何辨别别人的言外之意同时结合文章最后一段最后一句可知，本文主要告诉我们在与他人交往的过程中如何避免出现错误
2.According to the author,the reasonwhy wegowrongaboutourfriends isthat.A.we failto listencarefully when they talkB・people tendto beannoyed whenwe checkwhat theysayC.people usuallystate onething butmean anotherD.we tendto doubtwhat ourfriends say答案推理判断题根据第二段前三句可知，人们所说的话会隐藏他们真实的含义，如果我们不C仔细听，我们可能理解不到说话人所表达的真实意思，这也是我们为什么会和朋友产生误解的原因
3.In the second paragraph,the underlinedword itrefers to.A.being friendlyB.lucky dogC.a bitof envyD.your luck答案指代判断题根据第二段中的C Theresa bitof envyinthosewords.Maybe hedoesn*t seeit himself.”可知，在别人说你是幸运儿的时候，实际上是有点嫉妒的含义的，但是说话人自己并没有感觉到这一点故画线词指的是前句中的it“abitofenvy”
4.When welistentoa persontalking,the mostimportant thingfor ustodois.A.notice theway theperson istalkingB・take agood lookat theperson talkingC.mind his tone,his postureandthelook inhis eyesD.examine therealmeaningofwhathesaysbased onhis manner,histoneand hisposture答案推理判断题根据最后一段内容可知，作者建议我们观察别人说话的表情、语调、姿态和眼神等，D通过这些观察可以辨别出别人的真正想法
二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项How toRecognize aTrue FriendSometimesit canbe hardto recognizea truefriend.Hopefully this article willhelp yourecognize whichfriends arethekeepers.Be ableto trustyour friends.You shouldbe ableto trusttrue friendsand they should returnthis trust.Do yourfriendstell yousecrets thatno oneelse knowsAsk youfor advice]However,if your friends hidethings from you andactsecretly,then thisis asign thatthey maynot trustyou.2Think aboutit.How comfortable are your friends whentheyare around youAre theybeing themselvesaroundyou Arethey actingfake orperhaps hidingsomething True friendships cantake awhile todevelop,but if your friendsare true theyshould feel comfortable around you,and viceversa Youwith them.忠诚.Think aboutloyalty3If youare in need ofa helpinghand,your truefriends shouldbe thereto offerit toyou.True friendsdont trytogetone anotherinto trouble.A truefriend willalways beloyal toyou andwill notrevealsecrets.Think about nicknames.A lotof truefriends loveto giveeach othernicknames!If your friend isgiving younicknames,then thisis agreat sign.Think ofthe nicknameyour friendhas givenyou,does itsuit youwell4Look athow youfight.Nearly allbest friendsfight.5True friendswill find their way through a fight,no matterwhat the size is.True friendswill remainfhithfUl“to each other evenduring afight.They willnot telleach otherssecrets,and theystill careabout each other.A・Consider comfort.B・Choose your friends carefully.C.True friendsare alwaysthere forone another.D.Both aresure signsthat yourfriend trustsyou.E.If so,this showsyourfriendmust knowyou quitewell.F.So ifyou andyourfriendhavealittle argument,dont worry!G.An insidejoke showsthat youshare aspecial connectionwith yourfriend.篇章导读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何识别一个真正的朋友根据设空前两句你的朋友
1.D Do your friendstell yousecrets thatno oneelse knowsAsk youfor advice会告诉你没有其他人知道的秘密吗？征求你的意见吗？”和下一句的转折“However,ifyour friends hidethings然而，如果你的朋友对你隐瞒事情，秘密fromyouand actsecretly,then thisisasign thatthey maynot trustyou.行事，那么这表明他们可能不信任你户可知，前面两点表明你朋友信任你根据设空后的当你的朋友在你身边的时候,
2.A Howcomfortableareyourfriendswhentheyarearoundyou他们是愉快放松的吗和但是如but ifyourfriendsaretruetheyshouldfeelcomfortablearoundyou,and viceversa果你的朋友是真正的朋友，和你在一起，他们应该感到舒服，反过来也是一样户可知，本段主题句应为Consider考虑舒适性comfort.根据设空后的如果
3.C“If youare inneed ofa helpinghand,your truefriends shouldbe thereto offerit toyou.你需要帮助，你真正的朋友应该在那里给你提供帮助户可知，真正的朋友总是彼此守候，故选项C根据主题句.和设空前的
4.E Thinkaboutnicknames“Think ofthe nicknameyourfriendhas givenyou,does it想想你朋友给你起的绰号，你觉得很合适你吗？广可知，绰号的适合表明了你的朋友一定对你相suit youwell当了解，故选项E根据设空前的.几乎所有最好的朋友都争吵户和设空后的
5.F“Nearly allbest friendsfight“Truefriendswill.无论争吵得有多激烈，真正的朋友总会找到解决争端的findtheirwaythroughafight,no matterwhatthesizeis方法厂可知，如果你和你的朋友有争吵，没有必要担心故选项F
三、语法填空When Iwas young,I readmany kindsof books,including fairytales.In thosebooks,heroes jdescribe werehandsomeand heroineswere beautiful.I,therefore,believed Ihad to be beautifulif Iwanted2become agreat person.As Igrew up,I beganto realizeouter beautywas notso importantto makesomeone excellent.I remembera friendof3my.She believedthat she could doeverything shewanted becauseshe wasso beautiful,but shelosther friendsone byone.What shelearned wasthat inner beauty ismore importantthan outerbeauty.Whenever Isee TV4advertise,I feelthey makeus believebeauty isvery important.Although wesay innerbeauty5be morevaluable,we oftenlook6plastic surgerytomakeus morebeautiful.There seemstobe7boom inplasticsurgery.It issurprising torealize thenumber ofpeople8try it is increasingday byday.We knowgood-looking guysusually get9high scoreson jobinterviews thanothers.So,what isreal beautyIwant tosay thatwhat doesmake onelook likea10real beautifulperson isinnerbeauty.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.答案
1.described
2.to become
3.mine
4.advertisements
5.is
6.for
7.a
8.who/that
9.higherlO.really重点定语从句（课文原句）语法
1.The digitalage alsoenables usto findpeople whoshare ourinterests,such ascollecting modelcars orplaying anunusualinstrument.
2.Nowadays,we canmove aroundthe worldand stillstay intouch withthe peoplethat wewanttoremainfriends with.关系代词引导的定语从句
3.税知*定语是什么？基本概念定语从句在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句1定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面先行词被定语从句修饰的成份2先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词3关系词的作用引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；A.必在从句中作某个句子成份B.指代先行词C,关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分人或物主语、宾语、表语that物或主句内容主语、宾语which人主语或宾语who人宾语whom关系人或物定语whose代词定语从句三步曲第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构名词/代词先行词+关系代词/副词+定语从句更;I||＞【考点剖析】考点一关系代词考向关系代词基本用法1:指人时可以用也可用
1.who,thato1The manwho/that livesnext tous isa policeman.2Do youknowthegirl who/that isin red指物时可以用也可用
2.which,thato1I like music that/which I can dance to.2What doyou think ofthemovie that/which wasshown lastnight活学活用
1.I lovesingers.Singers writetheir ownsongs.改写在从句中用作主语who
2.He isthe man.I metthe manyesterday.改写在从句中用作用浇who z
3.I likemusic.I can dancetomusic.改写在从句中用作宾语that
九、I prefera sandwich.A sandwichis really delicious.改写在从句中用作王造that注意和在句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略1that whoI likemusicthat Icandanceto.（）He isthemanwho Imet yesterday.）定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.2I prefermovies thatare scary.I likea sandwichthat isreallydelicious.I lovesingers whoare beautiful.I havea friendwho playssports.可以指人，也可以指物
3.Whose在定语从句中作定语whose1She isa beautifulgirl whosehair isbrown.2There isa deskwhose legsare broken.难点属格,在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物whose:名词名词“whose+=the++of which”N1+whose+N2=N1,the N2of which活学活用、1Look out!Don*t gettoo closeto thehouse roofis underrepair.Look out!Dont gettoo closeto thehouse,the roofis underrepair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.what、2Recently Ibought anancient Chinesevase,was very reasonable.Recently Ibought anancient Chinesevase,and wasveryreasonable.A.which priceB.the priceof which C.its priceD.the priceof whose关系代词做宾语时可以省略
4.省略1Ilike the bookthat/which/my motherbought yesterday.省略2Do youknowthegirl who/whom/that/we talkedabout justnow.先行词是主句内容或物，只能用的情况5as定语从句区别例句名词前有和修饰时,关系such thesame Heis notsuch afool ashelooks.代词用Dont readsuch booksas you cant限制性定语从句中不能用understand.as,which和都可以指代前面整个主句as whichThey won the game,as wehad expected.如果有Theywon the game,which wehadnt“正如，象的含义，并可以放在主句前，expected.非限制性定语从句中也As iswell known,he isa famousfilm starin可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的the1980s.从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思、眄【单句填空】I
1.用填空as\that\which
1.It issuch abig stonenobody canlift.
2.It issuch abig stonenobody canlift it.
3.is knownto all,he isthe beststudent.
4.Jim passedthe drivingtest,surprised everybodyin theoffice.考向关系代词的特殊用法2考点先行词是人，只能用不能用的情况1who,that指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用1who.We shouldhelp anyonewho isinneed.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用2who.Im LiHua,who isstudying inLondon duringthe summervacation.考点先行词是物，只能用不能用的情况2which,that介词+1whichThere aretwo chairsin theroom,both of which arebroken.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用2whichThey wonthegame,which wehadnt expected.考点先行词是人或物，只能用不能用或的情况3that,whichwho先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及、等修饰时1only anyfew littleno allone of1I willtell himall that you toldme atthe ball.2The onlything thatwe coulddo wasto wait.3The firstplace thatwe visitedwas theGreat Wall.先行词为、、、等不定代词时2all muchlittle nonefew onesomething anything,everythingThe girlhanded everythingthat shehad pickedup in the streettothepolice.先行词中既有人又有物时3He waslooking pleasantlyatthechildren andbooks thatfilled hisbus.先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时4The villageis nolonger theone thatit was5years ago.当主句中含有疑问词时5whichWhich arethe booksthatyoubought forme考点三非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句
1.1lost allthe moneyyou lentme yesterday.
2.1lost allthe money,without whichIhadto walkhome.[]例.【单句填空】3l.Like anything,itispossible tohave toomuch ofboth,is notgood forthe health.
2.But Sarah,has takenpart inshows alongwith topmodels,wants toprove thatshe hasbrains aswell asbeauty.【答案与解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填
1.Which whicho先行词是从句中缺少主语，所以应该用
2.who Sarah,who考点四介词+关系代词which/whom1This isthe watchwhich/that Iam lookingfor.2The babieswhom/who/thatthe nurseis lookingafter arevery healthy.3He loveshis parentsdeeply,all ofwhom arevery kindto him.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法IV.关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词引导定语从句whom/which
1.Do youlike thebook shespent$
102.Do youlike thebook shepaid$
103.Do youlikethebook shelearned alot
4.Doyoulikethebook sheoften talks
5.He builta telescopehecouldstudy theskies.
6.There isa talltree outside,stands ourteacher.
7.China hasalotof rivers,thesecondlongest isthe YellowRiver.
8.The towerpeople canhaveagood viewis onthe hill.
9.The manI spokeonthephone lastnight isvery goodat writing.
10.He paidtheboy$10fbr washingten windows,most hadntbeen cleanedfbr atleast ayear.
11.He gaveme somenovels Iam notvery familiar.
12.1still rememberthe dayI firstgot toParis.答案:
1.on which
2.for which
3.from which
4.about which
5.through which
6.on which
7.ofwhich
8.on which
9.to whom
10.of whichwith which
12.on which练习lThe planeinweflew to Canada wasreally comfortable.A,which B,whom C,that2The manwith youtalked justnow ismy neighbor.A,who B,whom C,that3Wind poweris anancient sourceof energywe mayreturn inthe nearfuture.A on which Bby which C towhich Dfrom which4By nineoclock,alltheOlympic torchbearers hadreached thetop ofMountain Qomolangma.appeared ararerainbow soon.A ofwhich Bon whichC fromwhich Dabove which总结介词的判定方法.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配AMr.Smith boughta newhouse onwhich hespent allhis money.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定B.There wasno wayin whichit couldbe boughtback tothe earth.in thisway根据所表达的意思确定C.The gaswithwhichdoctors cansave thepatients is called oxygen.The gaswithout whichwe cannot liveiscalledoxygen.巩固练习定语从句专练
1.1had aconcert ticketfor ashow thatI couldntattend it.【答案】将后的去掉attend it【解析】考查定语从句句意我有一张演出的票，我不能去看在定语从句中已经指代了所以不需要用that show,ito故将去掉it
2.Senior familymembers,especially parents,should createan atmospherechildren canbe encouragedtopour outtheir hearthappily.A.that B.where C.what D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句句意家庭长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种氛围，鼓励孩子们快乐地倾诉心声分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用引导故选项atmosphere,where B
4.You maythinkofgiving upstudy,in casejust thinkit overbefore makingthe decision.A.that B.whichC.whose D.where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系词句意你可能会考虑放弃学习，在那种情况卜，好好想想再做决定分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，此空位于介词“in”后面，指代主句“You maythinkofgiving upstudy”，应用关系代词故选项which”B
5.is widelyaccepted,intheMiddle EastArabs greeteachotherby touchingnoses,but thisis nota politeway ofgreetingin othercultures.A.As B.It C.Which D.What【答案】A【解析】考查引导的非限制性定语从句句意在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼as貌的分析可知，在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子is widelyaccepted“intheMiddle EastArabs greet结合选项，和都可以指代整个句子，在弓导非限制性定语从句时，eachotherby touchingnoses”,as whichI which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，引导的从句则可以置于句首故选as Ao
6.G0for awalk inthe countryside,youcanenjoy thebeautiful viewsand apeaceful atmosphere.A.when B.whichC.where D.what【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句句意去乡村散步，在那里你可以欣赏美丽的风景和宁静的气氛分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为（地点名词），关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词the countrysidewhere故选项oC
7.1think youvegot tothe pointa changeis needed,otherwise youllfail.A.when B.where C.that D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句句意我认为你已经到了需要改变的地步，否则你会失败的分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰的先行词为地点名词且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词引导故选项the point,where B
8.Swimming isgood forteenagers,some expertssay willhelp themto stimulatetheir potentialand promotetheir braindevelopment.A.whichB.why C.Whom D.what【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句句意游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展分析句子成分可知，“.”为非限制性定语从句，修饰some expertssay willhelp themto…整个主句（游泳对青少年有好处）”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并“Swimming isgood forteenagers在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用故选which,A。
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